Deck 24: Introduction to Viruses That Infect Humans: the Dna Viruses

Question 1

Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) has the following characteristics, except

A)it replicates in T-lymphocytes, macrophages, and salivary gland tissue.
B)it causes roseola in infants.
C)it appears as a mononucleosis-like illness in adults.
D)it causes Kaposi's sarcoma.
E)it is transmitted by saliva.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Smallpox is a disease in which

A)fever, malaise, rash, possible toxemia and shock occurs.
B)virus becomes latent in ganglia of sensory neurons.
C)recurrent episodes are called shingles.
D)transmission occurs only by direct skin contact with skin crusts.
E)All of these choices are correct.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following antivirals is not used for treatment of HSV-1 and HSV-2?

A)interferon
B)valacyclovir
C)acyclovir
D)famciclovir
E)All of these choices are correct.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Herpes simplex-2 (HSV-2) causes

A)genital lesions.
B)intensely sensitive vesicles on or near the genitals.
C)symptoms that include urethritis, cervicitis, and itching.
D)infection in neonates that have contact with lesions in the birth canal.
E)All of these choices are correct.

Question 5

Symptoms of infectious mononucleosis include

A)vesicular lesions in oral mucosa.
B)fever, and pocks on skin.
C)sore throat, fever, cervical lymphadenopathy, and splenomegaly.
D)fever, severe diarrhea, pneumonitis, hepatitis, and retinitis.

Question 6

An occasional serious complication of herpes simplex-1 is

A)shingles.
B)paralysis.
C)encephalitis.
D)myocarditis.
E)kidney failure.

Question 7

Varicella-zoster virus

A)uses the respiratory epithelium as its portal of entry.
B)becomes latent in dorsal root ganglia that serve specific dermatomes.
C)has humans as its reservoir.
D)causes chickenpox and shingles.
E)All of these choices are correct.

Question 8

If a person who has never been infected with the varicella-zoster virus comes in contact with a person who has shingles, they will come down with

A)herpes labialis.
B)shingles.
C)chickenpox.
D)infectious mononucleosis.
E)herpes keratitis.

Question 9

Cytomegalovirus

A)is among the most common of human infections.
B)is transmitted by saliva, respiratory mucus, milk, urine, semen, and cervical secretions.
C)can be sexually transmitted.
D)is commonly carried in the latent state.
E)All of these choices are correct.

Question 10

All of the following pertain to monkeypox, except

A)symptoms include skin pocks, fever, and swollen lymph nodes.
B)outbreaks have occurred in Africa.
C)transmission is typically by contact with monkeys, squirrels, and rats.
D)a recent U.S.outbreak involved pet prairie dogs infected by an African rat.
E)the virus has shown a trend in becoming less virulent, with fewer outbreaks in humans.

Question 11

The hepadnaviruses

A)include the adenoviruses.
B)show tropism for the liver.
C)are transmitted by respiratory secretions.
D)are nonenveloped, double-stranded DNA viruses.
E)All of these choices are correct.

Question 12

Epstein-Barr virus has the following characteristics, except

A)it infects the respiratory epithelium.
B)it is transmitted by direct oral contact and saliva.
C)it multiplies and is latent in the parotid gland.
D)it has a 30-50 day incubation.
E)it can be transmitted by contaminated blood transfusions and organ transplants.

Question 13

Cytomegalovirus mononucleosis typically has fever and lymphocytosis, but in severely immunocompromised patients symptoms include

A)vesicular lesions in oral mucosa.
B)pocks on skin.
C)sore throat, fever, and tinnitus.
D)severe diarrhea, pneumonitis, hepatitis, and retinitis.

Question 14

Viruses with single-stranded DNA are the

A)herpesviruses.
B)poxviruses.
C)adenoviruses.
D)papovaviruses.
E)parvoviruses.

Question 15

All of the following belong to the Herpesviridae, except

A)varicella-zoster virus.
B)cytomegalovirus.
C)variola virus.
D)herpes simplex viruses.
E)Epstein-Barr virus.

Question 16

The patients at greatest risk for severe cytomegalovirus infection include all the following, except

A)individuals with hypertension.
B)organ transplant patients.
C)infants infected in utero.
D)AIDS patients.
E)bone marrow transplant patients.

Question 17

All of the following pertain to herpes simplex-1 (HSV-1), except

A)it causes gingivostomatitis.
B)it causes cold sores and herpes keratitis.
C)it is latent in the lumbosacral spinal nerve ganglia.
D)it is transmitted by mucous membrane contact with lesions.
E)it causes herpetic whitlow in health care workers.

Question 18

Herpes whitlow is a deep-set herpes simplex virus infection of the

A)nasal mucosa.
B)finger.
C)oral mucosa and tongue.
D)eye.
E)newborn.

Question 19

Inflammation of the liver with necrosis of the hepatocytes and swelling due to a mononuclear response is a disease called

A)hepatitis.
B)jaundice.
C)liver cancer.
D)mononucleosis.

Question 20

Chickenpox

A)is transmitted by inhalation of respiratory secretions.
B)is transmitted by skin lesion contact or airborne spread of lesion material.
C)has an incubation of 10 to 20 days.
D)has fever, and vesicular rash that occurs in successive crops.
E)All of these choices are correct.

Question 21

Hepatitis B infection

A)has an incubation of 1 to 3 weeks.
B)can be transmitted by the fecal-oral route.
C)increases risk for hepatocellular cancer.
D)is due to a flavivirus.
E)All of these choices are correct.

Question 22

Which virus may play a role in multiple sclerosis?

A)Epstein-Barr Virus
B)human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6)
C)cytomegalovirus (CMV)
D)herpes simplex virus-2
E)smallpox

Question 23

Which of the following may cause reactivation of varicella-zoster virus as shingles?

A)developing malignancy
B)X-ray treatments
C)iimmunosuppressive conditions
D)surgery
E)All of these choices are correct.

Question 24

When bilirubin accumulates in the blood and tissues, it causes

A)shock.
B)hypotension.
C)swelling of the legs.
D)jaundice.
E)gangrene.

Question 25

Adenoviruses are

A)nonenveloped, double-stranded, DNA viruses.
B)transmitted by respiratory and ocular secretions.
C)causes of conjunctivitis, common cold, and an acute hemorrhagic cystitis in children.
D)causes of outbreaks among military recruits.
E)All of these choices are correct.

Question 26

As of 2000, according to the International Committee on the Taxonomy of Viruses, how are viruses classified?

A)genetic information only
B)structure only
C)chemical composition and structure
D)genetic information, structure, and chemical composition
E)genetic information, structure, host, and diseases caused

Question 27

Which is incorrect about smallpox?

A)There is an effective vaccine.
B)Transmission is by ingesting contaminated water or food.
C)The vaccine is effective even if given in the first few days after exposure.
D)The poxvirus called variola is the etiological agent.
E)The last case was seen in 1977.

Question 28

All of the following are similarities between HAV, HBV, and HCV, except

A)they all cause hepatitis.
B)they are all endemic in the United States.
C)they all can have an incubation period of one month.
D)there are diagnostic tests available to distinguish between them.
E)they are all RNA viruses.

Question 29

Hepatitis B virus

A)is principally transmitted by blood.
B)transmission risks include shared needles, anal intercourse, and heterosexual intercourse.
C)is transmitted to the newborn from chronic carrier mothers.
D)has many chronic carriers.
E)All of these choices are correct.

Question 30

Molluscum contagiosum is transmitted by direct contact with skin lesions, fomites, and sexual activity.

Question 31

Polyomaviruses

A)cause common asymptomatic to mild infections.
B)cause progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.
C)cause problems in renal transplant patients.
D)include the JC virus and BK virus.
E)All of these choices are correct.

Question 32

Which infection are you likely looking at if you view a direct smear of a cervical scraping and see enlarged (multinucleate giant) cells and intranuclear inclusions?

A)HCV
B)EBV
C)HSV-2
D)VZV
E)HPV

Question 33

Which is incorrect about parvoviruses?

A)They cause several diseases in dogs, cats, and other mammals.
B)They are single-stranded DNA viruses.
C)They cannot be transmissible to the fetus.
D)They cause a disease known as fifth disease.
E)Parvovirus B19 causes erythema infectiosum.

Question 34

Fifth'disease

A)is caused by Parvovirus B19.
B)is a childhood febrile disease with a bright red rash on the cheeks.
C)involves pathogen capable of crossing the placenta.
D)in immunodeficient children, destroys red blood cell stem cells.
E)All of these choices are correct.

Question 35

Which is incorrect about viral diseases?

A)Some DNA viruses can become permanent residents of host cells.
B)Viral diseases can be zoonoses.
C)Most DNA viruses multiply in and are released from the cytoplasm.
D)Some viruses are teratogenic.
E)Diagnosis of some diseases involves antigen detection with monoclonal antibodies.

Question 36

All of the following pertain to genital warts, except

A)the are not common in the United States.
B)they are sexually transmitted.
C)they often occur on the penis, vagina, and cervix.
D)they include large cauliflower-like masses called condylomata acuminata.
E)certain strains strongly predispose a person to cancer of the cervix or penis.

Question 37

Which of the following are ways to control or treat Hepatitis B?

A)recombinant interferon
B)heptavax vaccine
C)Hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG)
D)recombivax vaccine
E)All of these choices are correct.

Question 38

Which is not correct about genital warts?

A)The etiological agent is the human polyoma virus JC.
B)They are strongly associated with cancer of the penis.
C)Treatment can involve laser surgery.
D)It is the most common STD in the United States.
E)They are strongly associated with cancer of the cervix.

Question 39

Which is incorrect about warts?

A)They are caused by human papillomaviruses (HPV).
B)They can be transmitted by direct contact or fomites.
C)They include deep plantar warts of soles of the feet.
D)They are usually cancerous.
E)Freezing and laser surgery can be used for removal.

Question 40

Which of the following viruses is an RNA virus that causes many cases of transfusion hepatitis?

A)Hepatitis C virus (HCV)
B)Hepatitis B virus (HBV)
C)adenovirus
D)Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)
E)cytomegalovirus (CMV)

Question 41

Burkitt's lymphoma is a B-cell malignancy, usually of the jaw, associated with Epstein-Barr infection or coinfection with other diseases.

Question 42

Herpes simplex-1 (HSV-1) enters the _____ cranial nerve where it becomes latent.

Question 43

Viruses called _____ viruses become permanent residents in host cells and alternate between inactive periods and recurrent infections.

Question 44

Variola major and variola minor are the two principal forms of smallpox disease.

Question 45

The smallpox vaccine uses the _____ virus.

Question 46

A virus that causes congenital defects and developmental problems is known as _________.

Question 47

Varicella and herpes zoster are caused by the same virus.

Question 48

All warts caused by human papillomaviruses are linked to cancers.

Question 49

Herpes keratitis is an infection of the eye.

Question 50

Poxviruses are the largest and most complex of all animal viruses.

Question 51

Carriers of Hepatitis B virus are not common.

Question 52

Parvovirus B19 causes a fatal anemia in the fetus.

Question 53

There are vaccines that cause the development of immunity to the Hepatitis B virus.

Question 54

The oral cavity infection called _____ occurs when herpetic vesicles cover the oral mucosa, tongue, cheeks, and lips.

Question 55

The only body fluid that can transmit Hepatitis B virus is blood.

Question 56

Liver disease, such as hepatitis, can lead to bilirubin accumulation that causes a yellow tinge to skin and eyes called _____.

Question 57

Virtually, everyone becomes infected with the herpesviruses at some time in their lives.

Question 58

Chickenpox is caused by a poxvirus.

Question 59

The antivirals used for herpes simplex infections have the ability to completely destroy the virus and permanently cure the latent infection.

Question 60

Zoster immune globulin (ZIG) and varicella-zoster immune globulin (VZIG) are attenuated vaccines for childhood vaccination.

Question 61

Which structure is found only in poxviruses?

A)nucleosome
B)DNA genome
C)envelope
D)capsid

Question 62

Human polyomaviruses are well-known for their oncogenic potential, most often associated with chronic lymphocytic leukemia in humans.

Question 63

Compare and contrast chickenpox and shingles, and explain the underlying reasons for their differences in pathogenesis.

Question 64

Infection with human polyomaviruses is most often asymptomatic in a healthy person.

Question 65

All of the following are true of human parvovirus B19, except

A)this virus can also cause severe disease in puppies.
B)its genome consists of single-stranded DNA.
C)this is one of the smallest human viruses.
D)it causes a disease known as fifth's disease in young children.
E)it may cross the placenta and cause severe damage to the fetus.

Question 66

Which of the following are found in pox viruses?

A)envelope
B)RNA
C)DNA
D)capsid
E)surface tubules
F)outer membrane
G)core membrane

Question 67

Passive artificial immunity to the Hepatitis B virus is provided by immunization with __________.

Question 68

Adenoviruses cause an inflammation of the conjunctiva and cornea called _____.

Question 69

Molly, a 3-year-old active preschool girl, spent the morning playing with the other children at the day-care center.Shortly after lunch, she began to appear very flushed with bright red cheeks, and a check of her temperature revealed a low-grade fever of 99.5.She seemed to feel normal and showed no other signs of illness.Which of the following would be the most likely cause of her fever and bright red cheeks?

A)herpes simplex virus
B)human Parvovirus B19
C)varicella-zoster virus
D)roseola virus (Human herpesvirus 6)
E)cytomegalovirus

Question 70

Compare and contrast Hepatitis B virus, Hepatitis A virus, and Hepatitis C virus with regard to: a) virus characteristics, b) reservoir, c) transmission, d) incubation, e) symptoms, f) complications, and g) immunization.

Question 71

Select the following statements that apply to human polyomavirses.

A)Most infections with BK and JC virus are asymptomatic.
B)BK and JC virus infections are believed to be common.
C)JC virus may cause a demyelinating disease affecting the cerebrum in immunocompromised patients.
D)Polyomaviruses are well-recognized oncogenic agents in humans.
E)Recipients of renal transplants are at risk for complications caused by BK virus.

Question 72

Using at least three examples, summarize how HPV can be prevented.

Question 73

Parvoviruses

A)cause diseases in cats, dogs, and humans.
B)have a genome of double-stranded DNA.
C)are the cause of erythema infectiosum.
D)have a nucleocapsid surrounded by an envelope.

Question 74

Pox viruses consist of a linear double-stranded DNA genome enclosed in a protein capsid, surrounded by an envelope.

Question 75

Describe viral latency and oncogenicity, and discuss two examples of latent DNA viruses and two examples of oncogenic DNA viruses.

Question 76

Which of the following preventative measures is used to protect renal transplant patients from BK virus infection?

A)vaccination
B)injections of pooled human gamma globulin
C)prophylactic treatment with human leukocyte interferon
D)prophylactic treatment with amantadine