Deck 2: The Chemistry of Biology

Question 1

Isotopes are atoms of the same element that differ in their

A)neutron number.
B)electron number.
C)proton number.
D)atomic number.
E)chemical properties.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

What would be the valence number of electrons in the sulfur atom ³²₁₆S?

A)2
B)6
C)8
D)16
E)32

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Anything that occupies space and has mass is called

A)an electron.
B)living.
C)matter.
D)energy.
E)space.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

What is the maximum number of electrons in the second energy shell of an atom?

A)2
B)4
C)8
D)18
E)32

Question 5

Compared to a solution of pH 9, a solution of pH 7

A)is more basic.
B)has no OH^- ions.
C)has more H⁺ ions.
D)has a higher pH.
E)All of these choices are correct.

Question 6

What do H₂O, NaCl, CO₂, and HCl all have in common?

A)All are salts.
B)All are acids.
C)All are gases.
D)All are inorganic.
E)All are solutes.

Question 7

The subatomic particles that surround the nucleus are the

A)electrons.
B)protons.
C)neutrons.
D)protons and neutrons.
E)protons and electrons.

Question 8

Which of the following functional groups is mismatched to the organic compound?

A)phosphate - carbohydrates
B)sulfhydryl - proteins
C)amino - proteins
D)hydroxyl - alcohols
E)carboxyl - fatty acids

Question 9

All of the following are lipids except

A)cholesterol.
B)starch.
C)phospholipid.
D)wax.
E)triglyceride.

Question 10

Which of the following represents a synthesis reaction?

A)AB → A + B
B)A + B → AB
C)AB + XY → AX + BY
D)AB + XY ↔ AX + BY

Question 11

The important solvent associated with living things is

A)carbon dioxide.
B)sodium chloride.
C)ethyl alcohol.
D)benzene.
E)water.

Question 12

Cations are

A)charged subatomic particles.
B)atoms that have gained electrons.
C)radioactive isotopes.
D)capable of forming ionic bonds with anions.
E)atoms without protons.

Question 13

Which term does not belong in this list?

A)lactic acid
B)vinegar
C)hydrogen ion donor
D)pH 8
E)acidic

Question 14

All of the following are monosaccharides except

A)glucose.
B)glycogen.
C)fructose.
D)ribose.
E)deoxyribose.

Question 15

All of the following pertain to ¹⁴₆C except it

A)has 6 protons.
B)has 6 electrons.
C)has 14 neutrons.
D)is an isotope of carbon.
E)has a mass number of 14.

Question 16

Two or more atoms bonded together are called a/an

A)ion.
B)isotope.
C)element.
D)electrolyte.
E)molecule.

Question 17

The building blocks of an enzyme are

A)nucleotides.
B)glycerol and fatty acids.
C)monosaccharides.
D)phosphate, glycerol, fatty acids.
E)amino acids.

Question 18

Polar molecules are composed of covalently-bonded

A)identical atoms.
B)carbon atoms.
C)ions.
D)atoms of different electronegativity.
E)atoms of identical electronegativity.

Question 19

Reactions involving electron removal are called ______ reactions.

A)oxidation
B)reduction
C)dehydration
D)decomposition
E)dissolution

Question 20

The electrons of an atom are

A)always equal in number to the number of neutrons in an atom.
B)found in the nucleus.
C)used to determine atomic number.
D)positively charged.
E)moving in pathways called orbitals.

Question 21

The purine bases in nucleic acids include

A)thymine and cytosine.
B)guanine and adenine.
C)cytosine and guanine.
D)adenine and thymine.
E)ribose and deoxyribose.

Question 22

Which of the following would have glycosidic bonds?

A)triglycerides
B)monosaccharides
C)polypeptides
D)polysaccharides
E)ATP

Question 23

Which of the following represents an exchange reaction?

A)AB → A + B
B)A + B → AB
C)X + Y → XYD
D)AB + XY ↔ AX + BY

Question 24

All of the following are polysaccharides, except

A)dextran in some bacterial slime layers.
B)agar used to make solid culture media.
C)a cell's glycocalyx.
D)cellulose in certain cell walls.
E)prostaglandins in inflammation.

Question 25

Which amino acid contains sulfur atoms that form covalent disulfide bonds and stabilize the tertiary structure of some proteins?

A)valine
B)cysteine
C)serine
D)alanine
E)tyrosine

Question 26

ATP is best described as

A)an enzyme.
B)a double helix.
C)an electron carrier.
D)the energy molecule of cells.
E)All of these choices are correct.

Question 27

Which is not true about enzymes?

A)Enzymes are found in all cells.
B)Enzymes are catalysts.
C)Enzymes participate in the cell's chemical reactions.
D)Enzymes can be denatured by heat and other agents.
E)Enzymes have high-energy bonds between phosphates.

Question 28

If carbon has an atomic number of 6 and an atomic mass of 14, how many neutrons does it have?

A)6
B)7
C)8
D)14
E)There is not enough information to determine this.

Question 29

Which of the following is found in DNA but not in RNA?

A)ribose
B)adenine
C)thymine
D)uracil
E)nucleotides

Question 30

C₆H₁₂O₆ + C₆H₁₂O₆ →C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁ + H₂O is an example of

A)formation of a peptide bond.
B)a decomposition reaction.
C)denaturation.
D)a hydrolytic reaction.
E)dehydration synthesis.

Question 31

The weak, attractive force between water molecules is due to

A)hydrogen bonds.
B)covalent bonds.
C)ionic bonds.
D)peptide bonds.
E)glycosidic bonds.

Question 32

A student forgot to label a beaker containing a DNA solution and a beaker containing a glucose solution.If chemical analysis was performed to identify the contents of each beaker, which of the following would be found in the beaker of DNA but not in the beaker with glucose?

A)amino acids
B)hydrogen and oxygen atoms
C)nitrogen and phosphorus
D)fatty acids
E)carbon atoms

Question 33

The atomic number equals the number of __________ in an atom.

A)neutrons
B)protons
C)protons plus electrons
D)neutrons plus protons

Question 34

A monosaccharide with 5 carbon atoms will have _____ hydrogen atoms and _____ oxygen atoms.

A)10; 5
B)5; 10
C)5; 5
D)10; 10
E)2; 1

Question 35

The nucleic acid that delivers the correct amino acid to the ribosome for protein synthesis is

A)rRNA.
B)DNA.
C)tRNA.
D)mRNA.
E)ATP.

Question 36

The hydrophobic tails of a phospholipid are composed of

A)fatty acids.
B)glycerol.
C)phosphate.
D)alcohol.
E)All of these choices are correct.

Question 37

Jim needs to prepare one liter of a 4% NaCl solution.How much NaCl should he weigh out?

A)0.4 grams
B)4.0 grams
C)40 grams
D)400 grams

Question 38

One nucleotide contains

A)one phosphate.
B)one pentose.
C)one nitrogen base.
D)All of these choices are correct.

Question 39

An amino acid contains all of the following except

A)an amino group.
B)a carboxyl group.
C)a variable R group.
D)a carbon atom.
E)a nitrogenous base.

Question 40

The neutrons of an atom are

A)always equal to the number of protons in an atom.
B)found in the nucleus.
C)used to determine atomic number.
D)positively charged.
E)moving in pathways called orbitals.

Question 41

The chemical reaction that forms an ester bond in a triglyceride is a __________________ reaction.

A)dehydration synthesis
B)oxidation
C)hydrolysis
D)reduction

Question 42

Electrons that participate in chemical bonding are typically located closest to the nucleus.

Question 43

The alpha helix and beta pleated sheet are examples of

A)primary structure.
B)secondary structure.
C)tertiary structure.
D)quaternary structure.
E)gamma structure.

Question 44

Elements have predictable chemical properties.

Question 45

If solution A has a lower pH compared to solution B, then solution A is more acidic than solution
B.

Question 46

Polar molecules have more reactivity compared to nonpolar molecules.

Question 47

Which of the following is the stored form of carbohydrates in animals?

A)glycogen
B)maltose
C)starch
D)cellulose
E)galactose

Question 48

A covalent bond is formed between an anion and a cation.

Question 49

The type of chemical bond linking amino acids together is a(n)

A)glycosidic bond.
B)peptide bond.
C)ester bond.
D)ionic bond.
E)hydrogen bond.

Question 50

Water molecules are nonpolar molecules.

Question 51

How many times more acidic is a solution with a pH of 3 than a solution with a pH of 6?

A)3
B)10
C)1000
D)36
E)63

Question 52

The polynucleotide strands of DNA are linked along their length by __________ bonds between the bases.

A)covalent
B)ionic
C)Van der Waals
D)double
E)hydrogen

Question 53

Replication is the cellular process that copies the DNA prior to cell division.

Question 54

The only part of an amino acid that differs from other amino acids is its R group.

Question 55

All proteins are enzymes.

Question 56

The concentration of a solution expresses the amount of solvent present.

Question 57

Which of the following carbohydrates is found in dairy products?

A)lactose
B)sucrose
C)maltose
D)glucose
E)fructose

Question 58

All of the following are correct about triglycerides, except

A)triglycerides are insoluble in water.
B)triglycerides are a concentrated source of energy.
C)unsaturated triglycerides are solid at room temperature.
D)triglycerides dissolve in nonpolar solvents.
E)triglycerides are hydrolyzed by lipases.

Question 59

Which of the following is/are hydrophilic?

A)glucose
B)vegetable oil
C)butter
D)cholesterol
E)Vegetable oil, butter, and cholesterol are correct.

Question 60

Which of the following functional groups participate in the formation of an ester bond?

A)hydroxyl group and amino group
B)carboxyl group and amino group
C)hydroxyl group and carboxyl group
D)hydroxyl group and carbonyl group

Question 61

The total number of protons and neutrons of an element establishes its _____ number.

Question 62

Nucleic acids have primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary levels of organization.

Question 63

A solution is composed of one or more substances called _____ that are uniformly dispersed in a dissolving medium called a _____.

Question 64

Identify and provide specific examples of the classes of macromolecules that are associated with life.

Question 65

During protein synthesis, genes in DNA are copied, making _____ RNA.

Question 66

Purines and pyrimidines are components in the building block units of all _____

Question 67

Certain antibiotics are effective against bacteria that cause human infections because they target prokaryotic ribosomes.Discuss, in detail, how the drug attacking a pathogen's ribosomes will affect the cell.Discuss at least three specific detrimental results.

Question 68

Which elements are found in all carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids?

Question 69

Protons and neutrons make up the atom's central core referred to as its _____.

Question 70

A fat is called _____ if all carbons of the fatty acid chain are single bonded to 2 other carbons and 2 hydrogens.

Question 71

Atoms that gain or lose electrons become charged particles called _____.

Question 72

Explain what radioisotopes are, and describe how they can be used to monitor the uptake of a specific biochemical by a microbial culture.

Question 73

Chemical analysis of an unidentified compound isolated from cells showed the presence of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur.This unknown compound is most likely a

A)carbohydrate.
B)nucleic acid.
C)lipid.
D)protein.

Question 74

Compare and contrast the chemical and functional characteristics of DNA and RNA molecules.

Question 75

Organic chemicals always have a basic framework of the element _____ bonded to other atoms.

Question 76

A newly synthesized polypeptide that will ultimately form a cytoplasmic protein will most likely fold into a tertiary structure with its _____________ amino acid R-groups facing outward.

A)hydrophilic
B)hydrophobic

Question 77

Water, glucose, and carbon dioxide are examples of

A)compounds.
B)atoms.
C)gases.
D)macromolecules.

Question 78

Select the incorrect statement.

A)Molecules contain atoms.
B)Compounds may contain only one type of atom.
C)Compounds contain molecules.
D)Atoms are joined by chemical bonds forming molecules.
E)Molecules may contain two of the same type of atom.

Question 79

_____ bonds are formed by dehydration synthesis between adjacent amino acids.

Question 80

During cellular reactions, electrons may be removed from compounds such as glucose and picked up by a coenzyme known as NAD⁺.When NAD⁺ gains these electrons, it is said to be

A)oxidized.
B)reduced.
C)synthesized.
D)dehydrated.