Deck 25: The Rna Viruses That Infect Humans

Question 1

Influenza infection can be treated with:

A)amantadine.
B)rimantadine.
C)zanamivir.
D)oseltamivir.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Influenza vaccines include all the following, except:

A)inactivated intramuscular vaccine.
B)usually incorporates three different strains.
C)attenuated, nasal drops vaccine.
D)provides lifelong immunity.
E)Guillain-Barré syndrome is a postvaccination neurological complication.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Characteristics of the Orthomyxoviruses include all of the following, except:

A)enveloped
B)include paramyxoviruses
C)hemagglutinin spikes
D)RNA genome
E)neuraminidase spikes

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Respiratory syncytial virus (Pneumovirus):

A)causes serious disease in infants 6 months old or younger.
B)uses the nasopharynx as its main replication site.
C)can be treated with the antiviral aerosol Ribavirin.
D)Synagis and RSV immunoglobulin help reduce complications and hospitalization.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 5

Parainfluenza virus:

A)usually infects the elderly.
B)is in the Orthomyxovirus family.
C)causes influenza.
D)causes croup, bronchitis, and bronchopneumonia.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 6

Oral lesions called Koplik's spots are seen in patients with:

A)croup.
B)mumps.
C)influenza.
D)measles (rubeola).
E)rubella.

Question 7

Reye's syndrome involves:

A)aspirin use.
B)a febrile viral illness such as influenza or chickenpox.
C)fatty degeneration of liver, brain, kidney.
D)children, adolescents, and young adults.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 8

The enzyme associated with the influenza virus that hydrolyzes the protective mucous coating of the respiratory tract is:

A)catalase.
B)reverse transcriptase.
C)hyaluronidase.
D)neuraminidase.
E)kinase.

Question 9

Which is incorrect about the MMR immunization?

A)contains attenuated virus
B)contains toxoids
C)is given in early childhood
D)protects against 3 different viral diseases
E)None of the choices are correct.

Question 10

Which is not a disease caused by arenaviruses?

A)Lymphocytic choriomeningitis
B)Lassa fever
C)Hantaviruses
D)Bolivian hemorrhagic fever
E)Argentine hemorrhagic fever

Question 11

Treatment of an animal bite for possible rabies includes:

A)debridement.
B)wash bite with soap or detergent.
C)wound is infused with human rabies immune globulin (HRIG).
D)postexposure vaccination with HDCV.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 12

Symptoms of influenza include:

A)nasal discharge, mild fever, and absence of cough.
B)fever, diarrhea, vomiting.
C)fever, myalgia, sore throat, cough, nasal discharge.
D)fever, sore throat, rash, cough.
E)fever and pneumonia.

Question 13

Which is incorrect about rabies?

A)is a zoonotic disease
B)wild populations of bats, skunks, raccoons, cats, and canines are primary reservoirs
C)transmission can involve bites, scratches, and inhalation
D)average incubation in human is one week
E)symptoms include anxiety, agitation, muscle spasms, convulsions, paralysis

Question 14

This febrile disease with a rash has a pathogen that can cross the placenta and cause serious fetal damage:

A)croup
B)mumps
C)influenza
D)measles (rubeola)
E)rubella

Question 15

Coronaviruses cause:

A)fever, rash, nasal discharge.
B)meningitis.
C)measles.
D)croup.
E)common cold and SARS.

Question 16

Inhalation of respiratory secretions is involved in the transmission of the following, except:

A)influenza.
B)rubella.
C)dengue fever.
D)mumps.
E)SARS.

Question 17

Orchitis and epididymitis is seen in young adult males as a complication of:

A)croup.
B)mumps.
C)influenza.
D)measles (rubeola).
E)rubella.

Question 18

Sin Nombre hantavirus has all the following characteristics, except:

A)reservoir is human carriers
B)is a zoonosis
C)symptoms are abrupt fever, lung edema, respiratory distress, and hypotension
D)transmitted by aerosol transmission from rodent excreta
E)first U.S.outbreak occurred in 1993 in the Southwest

Question 19

All the following pertain to measles (rubeola), except:

A)transmitted by direct contact with the rash
B)humans are the only reservoir for the pathogen
C)secondary bacterial otitis media and sinusitis occur
D)involves a fatal complication called subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)
E)dry cough, sore throat, fever, conjunctivitis are symptoms

Question 20

This infection is marked by labored, noisy breathing and a hoarse cough:

A)croup
B)mumps
C)influenza
D)measles (rubeola)
E)rubella

Question 21

This new class of drugs will interfere with the virus inserting itself into host DNA:

A)reverse transcriptase inhibitors
B)protease inhibitors
C)fusion inhibitors
D)integrase inhibitors
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 22

The worldwide, primary viral cause of morbidity and mortality from diarrhea is:

A)Coxsackie viruses.
B)Rhinoviruses.
C)Influenza viruses.
D)Caliciviruses.
E)Rotavirus.

Question 23

Encephalitis caused by arboviruses involve:

A)fever, headache, and rash.
B)coma, convulsions, and paralysis in severe cases.
C)myalgia and orbital pain.
D)muscle aches and joint stiffness.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 24

All of the following pertain to poliomyelitis, except:

A)summer outbreaks in the U.S.have been recently increasing
B)transmitted primarily by fecal contaminated water
C)can be asymptomatic or mild with headache, sore throat, fever, and nausea
D)if virus enters the central nervous system motor, neurons can be infected and destroyed
E)there are effective vaccines to prevent polio

Question 25

Hydrophobia, the dumb phase, and Negri bodies in nervous tissue are all part of which disease?

A)Rabies
B)Dengue fever
C)Norwalk virus
D)Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)
E)Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease

Question 26

All of the following pertain to patients with AIDS, except:

A)have an immunodeficiency
B)have CD4 T-cell titers below 200 cells/mm³ of blood
C)get repeated, life-threatening opportunistic infections
D)can get unusual cancers and neurological disorders
E)highest number of cases worldwide is in the United States

Question 27

Documented transmission of HIV involves:

A)mosquitoes.
B)unprotected sexual intercourse and contact with blood/blood products.
C)respiratory droplets.
D)contaminated food.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 28

All of the following pertain to HIV, except:

A)attaches primarily to host cells with CD4 receptors
B)viral DNA integrates into the host nucleus
C)it has reverse transcriptase
D)causes Kaposi sarcoma
E)can enter into nervous tissues and cause abnormalities

Question 29

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS):

A)can cause high fever, pneumonia, respiratory distress.
B)began with an initial outbreak in the United States and then spread to Canada and China.
C)is caused by the respiratory syncytial virus.
D)is not highly transmissible.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 30

Which is incorrect about hepatitis A infection?

A)It is transmitted by the oral-fecal route.
B)It has flu-like symptoms with discomfort near the liver and darkened urine.
C)It predisposes a person for liver cancer.
D)Iimmune globulin therapy helps decrease the severity.
E)HAVRAX is an inactivated vaccine for prevention.

Question 31

The major agents responsible for the common cold are:

A)Coxsackie viruses.
B)Rhinoviruses.
C)Influenza viruses.
D)Caliciviruses.
E)Rotavirus.

Question 32

Retroviruses have the following characteristics, except:

A)glycoprotein spikes.
B)DNA genome.
C)envelope.
D)reverse transcriptase.
E)viral genes integrate into the host genome.

Question 33

All arboviruses involve:

A)congenital infection.
B)arthropod vectors.
C)diarrhea.
D)birds as the primary reservoir.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 34

Rubella is:

A)caused by the measles virus (Morbillivirus).
B)a zoonosis.
C)associated with congenital transmission causing miscarriage, deafness, and cardiac and mental defects.
D)seen as high fever, severe sore throat, severe cough, and myalgia.
E)All of the choices are correct

Question 35

A frequent cancer that is seen in AIDS patients is:

A)leukemia.
B)Hodgkin's lymphoma.
C)Kaposi's sarcoma.
D)melanoma.
E)colon cancer.

Question 36

West Nile virus has the following characteristics, except:

A)causes hemorrhagic fever
B)is an arbovirus
C)transmitted by a mosquito vector
D)typically is a flu-like illness
E)severe encephalitis occurs in less than 1% of infected persons

Question 37

Which drug/s interfere with the action of an HIV enzyme needed for final assembly and maturation of the virus?

A)Reverse transcriptase inhibitors
B)Protease inhibitors
C)Fusion inhibitors
D)Integrase inhibitors
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 38

Yellow fever and Dengue fever are:

A)caused by arboviruses.
B)caused by viruses that disrupt capillaries and blood clotting.
C)zoonoses.
D)transmitted by a mosquito vector.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 39

Norwalk agent is

A)a calicivirus.
B)transmitted orofecally.
C)sometimes acquired from contaminated water and shellfish.
D)a common enteric virus of gastroenteritis.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 40

Which of the following is a hemorrhagic fever?

A)Yellow fever
B)Western equine encephalitis
C)Eastern equine encephalitis
D)Colorado tick fever
E)St.Louis encephalitis

Question 41

Guillain-Barré syndrome involves varying degrees of demyelination of the peripheral nervous system leading to muscle weakness of extremities and possible paralysis.

Question 42

In rabies, spasms of muscles for swallowing leads to a fear of water.

Question 43

The primary transmission route for acquiring agents of the common cold is by contact with hands and fomites contaminated with the nasal discharges of an infected person.

Question 44

Which of the following is incorrect regarding coronaviruses?

A)One type can cause the common cold.
B)One type can cause SARS.
C)They are common animal viruses in pigs, dogs, cats, and poultry.
D)There are no tests to confirm diagnosis.
E)There is no specific treatment other than supportive care.

Question 45

All the following are correct about the polio vaccines, except:

A)The inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) can occasionally revert to a neurovirulent strain.
B)Treatment for polio involves mainly alleviating pain and suffering.
C)The virus is transmitted through fecal-oral means.
D)Most infections do not result in paralysis.
E)Dr.Jonas Salk developed the IPV vaccine in 1954.

Question 46

Respiratory syncytial virus and Rotavirus are major causes of global outbreaks in infants 6 months of age, or younger.

Question 47

Influenza is predominantly transmitted by the fecal-oral route.

Question 48

What does AIDS stand for?

A)aids induced diseases
B)aids in disguises
C)acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
D)human acquired immunodeficiency syndromes

Question 49

The main route for transmission of HIV in most parts of the world is through:

A)intravenous drug use.
B)homosexual sex.
C)blood transfusion.
D)heterosexual sex.
E)blood products.

Question 50

Cocksackieviruses:

A)are paramyxoviurses.
B)are the etiological agents of hairy-cell leukemia.
C)can cause hand-foot-mouth disease.
D)are a retrovirus.
E)replicate in helper T cells.

Question 51

A client displays symptoms of fatigue, diarrhea, weight loss, neurological changes and enlarged lymph nodes.The client thought they had the flu because they felt ill, then felt better over the last 5 years.However, this cycle of feeling tired has led to fever, fatigue, sore throat, and night sweats with a rash.The patient also has thrush.Among various blood tests, which result indicates the causative agent of AIDS?

A)High level of CD4 T cells
B)Positive level of HIV antigen
C)Positive isolation of Candida albicans
D)Positive isolation of Herpes simplex ulcers
E)Positive isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 52

Which of the following diseases is not caused by a paramyxovirus?

A)Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
B)Parainfluenza
C)Mumps
D)Measles
E)Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections

Question 53

Which is correct about influenza?

A)Antigenic shift is a minor change in the viral strain.
B)The virus is found in swine and cats.
C)The virus is grown in poultry eggs for vaccines.
D)Influenza A has a mortality rate of close to 35%.
E)The virus binds to the intestinal mucosa.

Question 54

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is caused by a prion.

Question 55

Spongiform encephalopathies are:

A)associated with abnormal, transmissible, protein in the brain.
B)chronic, fatal infections of the nervous system.
C)caused by prions.
D)Creutzfeld-Jacob disease, kuru, and Gertsmann-Strussler-Scheinker syndrome.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 56

Which of the following is correct about polio?

A)The disease is still affecting millions of people worldwide, mainly in Africa and India.
B)The disease is spread by the respiratory route.
C)The oral polio vaccine (OPV) is not responsible for causing any polio.
D)The Sabin vaccine is preferred over the Salk vaccine in the U.S.today.
E)The virus multiplies in the mucosa of the intestines and is shed in feces.

Question 57

The major reservoir for the Sin Nombre hantavirus is the deer mouse.

Question 58

All of the following are important bunyavirus diseases, except:

A)Hantavirus.
B)Rift Valley fever.
C)California encephalitis.
D)Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS).
E)Korean hemorrhagic fever.

Question 59

Which is incorrect about measles?

A)Koplik spots appear before the characteristic rash.
B)Humans are the sole reservoir.
C)Vaccination is with an attenuated oral vaccine.
D)It is also known as rubeola.
E)It is one of the most contagious infectious diseases.

Question 60

Which area has the largest number of people living with HIV/AIDS?

A)North America
B)Sub-Saharan Africa
C)Southeast Asia
D)Carribbean
E)Western Europe

Question 61

Retroviruses have the enzyme _____ that catalyzes the replication of DNA from viral RNA.

Question 62

The MMR vaccination is for immunity to _____, _____, and _____.

Question 63

Compare and contrast Creutzfeld-Jakob disease (CJD) variant CJD, and kuru with regard to: a) causative agent, b) transmission, c) reservoir, d) pathogenesis and symptoms, and e) methods for prevention.

Question 64

The most serious teratogenic effects of intrauterine rubella infection occur if it is acquired during the third trimester.

Question 65

An antigenic _____ occurs when genome segments from different influenza strains recombine.

Question 66

The influenza virus uses _____ spikes to bind to host cells.

Question 67

One positive test for the presence of HIV antibodies dictates the diagnosis as AIDS.

Question 68

Aedes mosquitoes is the vector involved in yellow fever and dengue fever.

Question 69

An antigenic _____ occurs when there is a minor change in antigenicity caused by small mutations in a single influenza virus strain.

Question 70

Discuss the various stages of HIV infection and disease with regard to: a) signs and symptoms, b) corresponding virus activities, and c) diagnostic indicators.

Question 71

A vaccine is currently available to prevent HIV infection.

Question 72

The spikes of a paramyxovirus bind and fuse adjacent host cell membranes to produce a _____.

Question 73

Intracellular inclusions called _____ seen in nervous tissue are indicative of rabies.