Deck 23: The Parasites of Medical Importance

Question 1

African sleeping sickness is caused by

A)Trypanosoma cruzi.
B)Trypanosoma brucei.
C)Leishmania brasiliensis.
D)Isospora belli.
E)Plasmodium falciparum.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Amebiasis symptoms include

A)bloody, mucus-filled stools, fever, diarrhea, and weight loss.
B)fever, swollen lymph nodes, and joint pain.
C)urinary frequency and pain, and vaginal discharge.
D)chills, fever, and sweating.
E)sore throat, low-grade fever, and swollen lymph nodes.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The large intestines of pigs are the primary reservoir of the pathogen that causes

A)balantidiasis.
B)amebiasis and trichomoniasis.
C)amebic meningoencephalitis.
D)trypanosomiasis leishmaniasis.
E)cryptosporidiosis and cyclosporiasis.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Acanthamoeba differs from Naegleria fowleri in that only Acanthamoeba

A)is a free-living ameba of fresh waters.
B)enters typically through broken skin or the conjunctiva.
C)is the cause of primary amebic meningoencephalitis.
D)enters through the nasal mucosa.
E)is acquired by swimming in contaminated water.

Question 5

Giardiasis involves

A)a protozoan that does not form cysts.
B)infection of the large intestine.
C)symptoms of abdominal pain, flatulence, and diarrhea.
D)vector transmission.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 6

Which of the following causes serious congenital disease from transplacental transmission?

A)Toxoplasmosis
B)Trichomoniasis
C)Giardiasis
D)Malaria
E)Balantidiasis

Question 7

Transmission of the pathogen of leishmaniasis is by the

A)reduviid, "kissing," bug.
B)tsetse fly.
C)Anopheles mosquito.
D)phlebotomine (sand) fly.
E)hard bodied tick.

Question 8

Which of the following is acquired when amoebas are forced into human nasal passages during swimming?

A)Naegleria fowleri
B)Toxoplasma gondii
C)Balantidium coli
D)Giardia lamblia
E)Entamoeba histolytica

Question 9

Human asymptomic carriers are common in

A)balantidiasis.
B)amebiasis and trichomoniasis.
C)elephantiasis.
D)trypanosomiasis and leishmaniasis.
E)cryptosporidiosis and malaria.

Question 10

Most cases of toxoplasmosis in patients that are not immunocompromised have the following symptoms:

A)bloody, mucus-filled stools, fever, diarrhea, and weight loss
B)fever, swollen lymph nodes, and joint pain
C)urinary frequency and pain, and vaginal discharge
D)chills, fever, and sweating
E)sore throat, low grade fever, and swollen lymph nodes

Question 11

Which of the following has four pairs of flagella?

A)Naegleria fowleri
B)Toxoplasma gondii
C)Balantidium coli
D)Giardia lamblia
E)Entamoeba histolytica

Question 12

Chagas disease involves transmission of the pathogen by the

A)reduviid, "kissing," bug.
B)tsetse fly.
C)Anopheles mosquito.
D)phlebotomine (sand) fly.
E)hard-bodied tick.

Question 13

Trichomonas vaginalis

A)does not produce cysts.
B)in males causes urethritis.
C)in females causes vaginitis with a foul-smelling discharge.
D)has four flagella and an undulating membrane.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 14

All of the following can be transmitted by drinking contaminated water, except

A)Cryptosporidiosis.
B)Cyclosporiasis.
C)Babesiosis.
D)Balantidiasis.
E)Giardiasis.

Question 15

Amebiasis is a disease of the

A)conjunctiva of the eye.
B)brain and meninges.
C)intestines and often the liver.
D)lung tissue.
E)skin.

Question 16

Which of the following is a sexually transmitted disease?

A)toxoplasmosis
B)trichomoniasis
C)giardiasis
D)malaria
E)balantidiasis

Question 17

Entamoeba histolytica is acquired by

A)ingestion of cysts of the pathogen.
B)contaminated food.
C)contaminated water.
D)sexual contact.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 18

Which of the following is an apicomplexan parasite?

A)Naegleria fowleri
B)Toxoplasma gondii
C)Balantidium coli
D)Giardia lamblia
E)Entamoeba histolytica

Question 19

The symptoms that occur in cyclic 48 to 72 hour episodes in a malaria patient are

A)bloody, mucus-filled stools, fever, diarrhea, and weight loss.
B)fever, swollen lymph nodes, and joint pain.
C)urinary frequency and pain, and vaginal discharge.
D)chills, fever, and sweating.
E)sore throat, low grade fever, and swollen lymph nodes.

Question 20

Diseases transmitted by vectors include

A)balantidiasis.
B)amebiasis and trichomoniasis.
C)amebic meningoencephalitis.
D)trypanosomiasis and leishmaniasis.
E)cryptosporidiosis and cyclosporiasis.

Question 21

River blindness is

A)caused by Wuchereria bancrofti.
B)a disease in which worms can invade the eyes.
C)caused by a blood fluke.
D)transmitted by mosquito vector.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 22

Elephantiasis includes all the following, except

A)it is caused by filarial nematodes.
B)helminth is transmitted by black fly vectors.
C)larval infestation causes blockage of main lymphatic channels.
D)severe edema occurs in the extremities and scrotum.
E)microfilariae are in the blood.

Question 23

Strongyloides stercoralis

A)is a tapeworm.
B)is ingested with food and does not migrate out of the intestine.
C)chronic infection is very rare.
D)immunosuppressed patients can die from disseminated disease.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 24

Ascaris lumbricoides

A)is an intestinal roundworm.
B)spreads to humans by ingestion of Ascaris eggs in food.
C)larvae penetrate into lymphatics and capillaries around intestines.
D)larvae migrate to the pharynx, get swallowed, and return to intestines to mature.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 25

Symptoms of cryptosporidiosis include

A)headache, sweating, vomiting, severe abdominal cramps, and diarrhea.
B)a circular rash that appears on the trunk and spreads to the extremities.
C)loss of hair.
D)a red skin papule that spreads to a large ulcer.
E)None of the choices are correct.

Question 26

The vector involved in African sleeping sickness is the

A)reduviid, "kissing," bug.
B)tsetse fly.
C)Anopheles mosquito.
D)phlebotomine (sand) fly.
E)hard bodied tick.

Question 27

Trichinosis includes all the following, except

A)encysted larvae get ingested.
B)associated with undercooked pork or bear meat.
C)migrate from intestines to blood and various body tissues.
D)the first symptoms are diarrhea, nausea, fever, and pain.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 28

Parasitic helminthes have the following characteristics, except

A)are multicellular animals
B)have a definitive host where the adult form lives
C)have developmental forms that include cysts
D)include roundworms
E)include tapeworms

Question 29

All of the following pertain to tapeworms, except

A)scolex is the head.
B)strobila is made up of proglottids.
C)proglottids are reproductive segments.
D)cysticerci are young infective larvae ingested in undercooked meat.
E)one proglottid segment will have either female or male reproductive organs.

Question 30

Hookworms

A)include Necator americanus.
B)include Ancylostoma duodenale.
C)have filariform larvae in soil that get transmitted into bare feet.
D)have oral cutting plates by which they anchor to the intestines.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 31

Toxoplasmosis includes all the following, except

A)ingesting pseudocysts from contaminated raw or undercooked meat.
B)ingesting or inhaling oocysts from infected cats or cat feces.
C)tachyzoites can cross the placenta.
D)immunocompromised patients often develop a fatal, disseminated infection.
E)intrauterine infectious are generally mild with very little damage to fetal tissues.

Question 32

Fasciola hepatica is a

A)lung fluke.
B)blood fluke.
C)liver fluke.
D)roundworm.
E)filarial worm.

Question 33

Which is mismatched?

A)Whipworm - trematode
B)Pinworm - nematode
C)Threadworm - nematode
D)Fluke - trematode
E)Tapeworm - cestode

Question 34

The large, fully formed developmental stage of a hemoflagellate is called the

A)epimastigote.
B)amastigote.
C)trypomastigote.
D)promastigote.
E)None of the choices are correct.

Question 35

The parasitic disease, caused by an apicomplexan that involves infected cats in its life cycle is

A)cryptosporidiosis.
B)cyclosporiasis.
C)babesiosis.
D)toxoplasmosis.
E)None of the choices are correct.

Question 36

Which was the first disease found to be due to a protozoan that is introduced to humans by the bite of a hard body tick?
A.Cryptosporidiosis
B.Babesiosis
C.Babesiosis
D.Toxoplasmosis
E.None of the choices are correct.

Question 37

Schistosomiasis involves

A)a blood fluke.
B)eggs from humans enter water and develop into miracidium.
C)snails allow development into cercaria.
D)cercariae enter hair follicles and pass to the blood and then the liver.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 38

Enterobius vermicularis is

A)a whipworm.
B)common only to the tropics and subtropics.
C)an intestinal worm that easily contaminates fingers and fomites.
D)often fatal in heavy infestations.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 39

Outbreaks of this apicomplexan disease have been associated with fecal-contaminated imported raspberries, and also fresh greens and drinking water.

A)cryptosporidiosis
B)cyclosporiasis
C)babesiosis
D)toxoplasmosis
E)None of the choices are correct.

Question 40

Which is incorrect about malaria?

A)merozoites enter and multiply in liver cells
B)trophozoites develop in RBCs
C)the mosquito inoculates human blood with sporozoites
D)gametocytes enter the mosquito as she draws a blood meal from a human
E)None of the choices are correct.

Question 41

The form lacking a free flagellum in the developmental stage of a hemoflagellate is called the

A)epimastigote.
B)amastigote.
C)trypomastigote.
D)promastigote.
E)None of the choices are correct.

Question 42

Which is not correct about trichinosis?

A)It can be transmitted by eating undercooked pork.
B)It can be transmitted by eating bear meat.
C)Only a few cases occur each year in the U.S.
D)The first symptoms mimic influenza.
E)A cure is not available once the larvae have encysted in muscles.

Question 43

All of the following will kill Giardia, except

A)boiling.
B)ozone.
C)iodine.
D)chlorine in typical drinking water.
E)All of the methods listed will kill it.

Question 44

In temperate zones, pinworms are the most common helminth infection.

Question 45

Which of the following is an example of a parasitism?

A.Lichens and trees
B.E.coli and human gut
C.Riftia and tube worms
D.Rhizopus and raspberries
E.Fonsecaea pedrosoi and human feet
F.Both D and E

Question 46

Which of the following is not an effective way to minimize human contact with parasitic helminths?

A)freezing foods
B)thoroughly cooking foods
C)proper sewage disposal
D)avoiding human feces as fertilizer
E)These are all effective ways.

Question 47

The usual definitive host for Echinococcus granulosus is

A)humans.
B)pigs.
C)cats.
D)dogs.
E)bears.

Question 48

Pregnant women should never change cat litter due to the risk of contracting

A)toxoplasmosis.
B)malaria.
C)trypanosomiasis.
D)amebic dysentery.
E)Chagas disease.

Question 49

Plasmodium species are hemoflagellates.

Question 50

Hookworms and threadworms usually enter the body by penetrating into the skin.

Question 51

Which is not correct about kala azar?

A)It is fatal in untreated cases.
B)Chemotherapy with chloroquine is usually effective.
C)Death is partly due to anemia, destruction of blood-forming tissues, and secondary infections.
D)It is transmitted by the sand fly.
E)It is a form of leishmaniasis.

Question 52

Which of the following relationships is mismatched?

A)T.brucei gambiense and Gambian sleeping sickness
B)T.b.rhodesiense and Gambian sleeping sickness
C)Tsetse fly and African Sleeping sickness
D)Teania solium and swine

Question 53

Chagas disease is treated with chloroquine.

Question 54

Which is mismatched?

A)Diphyllobothrium latum - fish
B)Taenia solium - pork
C)Taenia saginata - beef
D)Echinococcus granulosus - poultry
E)Anisakis - fish

Question 55

Boiling will not kill Giardia lamblia cysts in contaminated water.

Question 56

A person carrying one gene for sickle-cell hemoglobin will be resistant to Plasmodium infection.

Question 57

Trichinella spiralis is a/an _________ that invades the __________.

A)roundworm, intestine
B)ameba, intestine
C)flagellate, large intestine
D)flatworm, heart
E)tapeworm, lungs

Question 58

Which parasite is carried by Cyclops, an arthropod commonly found in still water?

A)Schistosoma mansoni
B)Dracunculus medinesis
C)Fasciola hepatica
D)Taenia saginata
E)Toxoplasma gondii

Question 59

Only feces from humans that contaminates food and water can be involved in transmission of amebiasis.

Question 60

The larval forms of certain Taenia species, which typically infest muscles of mammalian intermediate hosts is also called a

A)proglottids.
B)merozoite.
C)cysticerci.
D)amastigote.
E)egg.

Question 61

Control of _____ revolves around mosquito control and methods to prevent human-mosquito contact.

Question 62

Trypanosoma and Leishmania are called _____ because they often live in the blood and tissues of their hosts.

Question 63

The active, feeding form of a protozoan is called the _____.

Question 64

Compare and contrast giardiasis and amebiasis with regard to: a) causative agent, b) transmission, c) infection site in body, d) signs and symptoms, e) prevention, and f) treatment.

Question 65

The most deadly form of systemic leishmaniasis is called _____.

Question 66

Eggs and larva are developmental forms of various parasites called _____.

Question 67

An amoeba trophozoite with visible ingested RBCs that is seen in a microscopic examination of a fecal smear would likely be the pathogen _____.

Question 68

Discuss the life cycle of one of the roundworms including: a) developmental forms and corresponding hosts, b) transmission, c) human disease and symptoms, d) treatment, and e) prevention.

Question 69

Write a brief definition of a parasite and parasitology giving specific examples of a fungus, protozoan, and helminth.

Question 70

Many protozoan species can form a _____ that can survive for periods outside a host.

Question 71

Loa Loa is an intestinal roundworm transmitted by contaminated food.

Question 72

Helminth species that are hermaphroditic have separate worms that have female organs and other worms that have male organs.

Question 73

Describe the life cycle of Plasmodium and malaria epidemiology including: a) developmental forms and respective hosts/host cells, b) transmission, c) human disease and symptoms, d) treatment, and e) prevention.