Deck 16: Disorders in Immunity

Question 1

Which of the following is incorrect about the role of mast cells and basophils in allergies?

A)They degranulate when triggered by a specific allergen through the IgE bound to them.
B)They carry high numbers of cell receptors that bind to IgE antibodies.
C)Their cytoplasmic secretory vesicles contain physiologically active cytokines.
D)They are found mainly in the lymph nodes.
E)None of the above is incorrect.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Bee sting venom is considered to be which type of allergen?

A)Ingestant
B)Inhalant
C)Injectant
D)Contactant
E)None of the choices are correct

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which is mismatched?

A)Food allergy - Type I hypersensitivity
B)Poison ivy dermatitis - Type 4 hypersensitivity
C)Serum sickness - Type 3 hypersensitivity
D)Transfusion reaction - Type 2 hypersensitivity
E)Hay fever - Type 4 hypersensitivity

Answer 3

E

Question 4

The initial encounter with an allergen is called the

A)sensitizing dose.
B)provocative dose.
C)allergic dose.
D)hypersensitivity dose.
E)desensitizing dose.

Question 5

Atopy and anaphylaxis are hypersensitivities in the category

A)Type 1 only.
B)Type 1 and Type 4.
C)Type 4 only.
D)Type 1, Type 2, Type 3.
E)Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4.

Question 6

A person with O type blood

A)lacks antibodies to A and B blood types.
B)lacks A and B antigens.
C)could not have the Rh factor.
D)is called a universal recipient.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 7

Human blood types involve all the following, except

A)MHC genes.
B)ABO antigen markers.
C)inheritance of two of three possible alleles.
D)genetically determined glycoprotein markers.
E)genes that code for an enzyme that adds a terminal carbohydrate to RBC receptors.

Question 8

The major categories of hypersensitivities that typically involve a B-cell immunoglobulin response is/are

A)Type 1 only.
B)Type 1 and Type 4.
C)Type 4 only.
D)Type 1, Type 2, Type 3.
E)Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4.

Question 9

Any heightened or inappropriate immune response resulting in tissue damage is called a/an

A)autoimmune disease.
B)immunodeficiency.
C)hypersensitivity.
D)transfusion reaction.
E)desensitization.

Question 10

Which event is the process of releasing chemical mediators?

A)Degranulation
B)Binding of allergen to adjacent IgE binding sites on mast cells and basophils
C)Binding of IgE by the Fc region to mast cells and basophils
D)Histamine acts on smooth muscle
E)Prostaglandins cause vasodilation and increased vascular permeability

Question 11

Which of the following is not a possible symptom of Type I hypersensitivity?

A)rhinitis
B)rashes
C)sneezing
D)diarrhea
E)contact dermatitis

Question 12

Erythroblastosis fetalis can be prevented by

A)injecting the mother with antibodies against the Rh factor late in the pregnancy and after giving birth.
B)treating the fetus with immune globulin.
C)birth by cesarean section.
D)treating the mother with RhoGAM early in the pregnancy.
E)None of the choices are correct.

Question 13

A female who is Rh⁺

A)inherited two recessive genes.
B)is in the majority of the population with regard to Rh status.
C)is at risk for a pregnancy resulting in hemolytic disease of the newborn.
D)can only have an Rh positive baby.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 14

The potential for hemolytic disease of the newborn occurs when

A)maternal Rh⁺ cells enter an Rh^- fetus.
B)fetal Rh⁺ cells enter an Rh^- mother.
C)maternal Rh^- cells enter an Rh⁺ fetus.
D)fetal Rh^- cells enter an Rh⁺ mother.
E)fetal Rh⁺ cells enter an Rh⁺ mother.

Question 15

A person who has anti-A and anti-B serum antibodies will have blood type

A)A.B.B.C.AB.D.O.E.Rh.

Question 16

The serum of a person with blood type A, Rh^- will have which of the following?

A)anti A, anti Rh
B)anti B, anti Rh
C)anti A
D)anti B
E)anti A, anti B, anti Rh

Question 17

Transfusion of the wrong blood type can cause

A)recipient antibody activating the complement cascade to attack the RBCs.
B)fever and anemia.
C)systemic shock and kidney failure.
D)massive hemolysis of the donor RBCs.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 18

What will be the immediate action of allergen when it enters the body for a second time?

A)degranulation
B)bonding of allergen to adjacent IgE binding sites on mast cells and basophils
C)binding of IgE by the Fc region to mast cells and basophils
D)histamine acts on smooth muscle
E)prostaglandins cause vasodilation and increased vascular permeability

Question 19

Mold spores and animal dander are considered to be which type of allergen?

A)Ingestant
B)Inhalant
C)Injectant
D)Contactant
E)None of the choices are correct

Question 20

All of the following are involved in Type 2 hypersensitivity, except

A)IgM.
B)IgG.
C)IgE.
D)complement.
E)foreign cells.

Question 21

Treatment for agammaglobulinemia is

A)frequent transfusions of Rh⁺ blood.
B)passive immunotherapy and continuous antibiotic therapy.
C)bone marrow transplant.
D)allografts of skin.
E)continuous immunosuppressive therapy.

Question 22

Which of the following can cause secondary acquired immunodeficiencies in T cells and B cells?

A)Radiation
B)Chemotherapy
C)Organic disease
D)Infection
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 23

The chemical mediator that causes prolonged bronchospasm, vascular permeability, and mucus secretion of asthmatic patients is

A)prostaglandin.
B)histamine.
C)leukotriene.
D)serotonin.
E)platelet-activating factor.

Question 24

Jose needs a kidney due to his diabetes.His sister is a close match and is willing to give him one of hers.What type of transplant is this?

A)Allograft
B)Xenograft
C)Autograft
D)Heterograft
E)None of the choices are correct

Question 25

The DiGeorge syndrome is the result of

A)autoantibodies.
B)delayed hypersensitivity.
C)congenital absence or immaturity of the thymus gland.
D)failure of B cell development and maturity.
E)a genetic defect in the development of both T cells and B cells.

Question 26

A xenograft is a tissue exchange

A)between identical twins.
B)between siblings.
C)from one site on the body to another site.
D)between individuals of different species.

Question 27

Autoantibodies cause tissue injury in all the following diseases, except

A)rheumatoid arthritis.
B)myasthenia gravis.
C)Graves' disease.
D)tuberculin reaction.
E)multiple sclerosis.

Question 28

This can be a consequence of a genetic deficiency in B cell survival and maturity

A)host rejection of graft
B)graft versus host disease
C)formation of autoantibodies
D)hypogammaglobulinemia
E)None of the choices are correct

Question 29

Large quantities of antibodies that react to the second entry of antigen and lead to formation of antigen-antibody complexes that deposit in basement membranes occur in

A)serum sickness.
B)delayed hypersensitivity.
C)anaphylaxis.
D)hemolytic disease of the newborn.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 30

Which is incorrect about DiGeorge syndrome?

A)It is a severe deficiency of T cells.
B)Sometimes, it is associated with a deletion in chromosome 22.
C)Common childhood diseases can be fatal in affected children.
D)The major therapy is a bone marrow transplant.
E)Symptoms include reduced growth and unusual facial characteristics.

Question 31

Contact dermatitis involves

A)a sensitizing and provocative dose.
B)allergen entering the skin.
C)T lymphocytes secrete inflammatory cytokines.
D)itchy papules and blisters.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 32

When grafted tissue such as bone marrow contains passenger lymphocytes, what could result?

A)Host rejection of graft
B)Graft versus host disease
C)Formation of autoantibodies
D)Hypogammaglobulinemia
E)None of the choices are correct

Question 33

Allergic patients receiving small, controlled injections of specific allergens are undergoing

A)desensitization.
B)sensitization.
C)tissue matching.
D)degranulation.
E)None of the choices are correct.

Question 34

Severe combined immunodeficiencies (SCIDs) are due to

A)autoantibodies.
B)delayed hypersensitivity.
C)congenital absence or immaturity of the thymus gland.
D)failure of B cell development and maturity.
E)a genetic defect in the development of both T cells and B cells.

Question 35

A secondary acquired immunodeficiency is

A)AIDS.
B)adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency.
C)DiGeorge syndrome.
D)agammaglobulinemia.
E)Type I diabetes.

Question 36

Histamine causes all the following, except

A)increased sensitivity to light.
B)constriction of smooth muscle of bronchi and the intestine.
C)relaxes vascular smooth muscle.
D)wheal and flare reaction in skin.
E)pruritis and headache.

Question 37

Epinephrine

A)is an antihistamine.
B)reverses constriction of airways.
C)causes desensitization.
D)inhibits the activity of lymphocytes.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 38

What is the Arthus reaction?

A)An autoimmune disorder.
B)An acute response to a second injection of vaccines at the same site.
C)A positive tuberculosis skin test.
D)The lysis of RBC due to complement during an incorrect blood transfusion.
E)The name given to skin wheals that occur during an allergy skin test.

Question 39

All of the following are associated with IgE- and mast cell-mediated allergy, except

A)drug allergy.
B)eczema.
C)anaphylaxis.
D)allergic asthma.
E)systemic lupus erythematosus.

Question 40

All of the following operate in surveillance and destruction of tumor cells, except

A)macrophages.
B)B cells.
C)natural killer cells.
D)cytotoxic T cells.

Question 41

Which of the following does not belong with transformed cancer cells?

A)Oncogenic viruses
B)Increased rate of growth
C)Chromosomal alterations
D)Capacity for limited division
E)Changed surface molecules

Question 42

Eczema is an autoimmune disorder.

Question 43

All of the following are examples of autoimmune diseases, except

A)multiple sclerosis.
B)Graves disease.
C)Hashimoto thyroiditis.
D)myasthenia gravis.
E)Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome.

Question 44

After a bone marrow transplant, the recipient's blood type may change to the blood type of the donor.

Question 45

A person who is Rh negative will have anti-Rh antibodies in their serum from early infancy.

Question 46

In an isograft, tissue from an identical twin is used.

Question 47

All of the following cells participate in immune surveillance, except

A)macrophages.
B)natural killer cells.
C)cytotoxic T cells.
D)plasma cells.
E)All of the choices participate.

Question 48

The most common immunoglobulin deficiency is an IgG deficiency.

Question 49

Food allergies include gastrointestinal symptoms and often hives.

Question 50

Cancer cells can literally not displace normal blood cells and bone marrow.

Question 51

Which of these chemicals is a powerful inflammatory agent that also stimulates uterine contractions?

A)Bradykinin
B)Platelet-activating factor
C)Prostaglandins
D)Leukotriene
E)Histamine

Question 52

The practice of delaying the introduction of solid foods has no validity in preventing allergies in children.

Question 53

Systemic anaphylaxis can quickly result in airway blockage, shock, and death.

Question 54

All of the following are correct about Type O blood, except

A)persons with this type of blood are considered universal donors.
B)persons with this type of blood carry an O antigen on their RBC.
C)persons with this type of blood have anti-A and anti-B antibodies in their plasma.
D)this is the most common blood type among all racial groups in the U.S.

Question 55

The heart of a baboon transplanted to a human would be a

A)xenograft.
B)autograft.
C)allograft.
D)heterograft.
E)homograft.

Question 56

Which cells play the greatest role in allergic symptoms?

A)T cells
B)monocytes
C)plasma cells
D)mast cells
E)eosinophils

Question 57

The allergen in poison ivy plants is oil called urushiol.

Question 58

During graft rejection, cytotoxic T cells of the recipient recognize and respond to foreign class I MHC receptors on the grafted cells.

Question 59

Which of the following is mismatched?

A)Ingestant - nuts
B)Inhalant - bee
C)Injectant - vaccine
D)Contactant - rubber
E)Ingestant - food additive

Question 60

The tuberculin reaction develops within 30 minutes of the skin test in people with prior sensitization due to tuberculosis infection.

Question 61

Tissue transplanted from one body site on a patient to a different body site on that patient is called an _____.

Question 62

Discuss the proposed theories that attempt to explain the origin of autoimmunity.

Question 63

Write a definition for immunopathology and discuss the four major categories of immune system responses with specific examples for each.

Question 64

The ___________ theory explains that during embryonic growth, some tissues are immunologically privileged.

Question 65

Compare and contrast local atopies and systemic anaphylaxis with regard to: a) events of the hypersensitivity, b) chemical mediators and their effects, c) patient tissues involved, and d) two specific examples of each.

Question 66

An _____ is any chronic local allergy.

Question 67

_____ involves determination of donor HLA antigens compared to those of the recipient's tissue.

Question 68

Allergic _________ is a seasonal reaction to inhaled pollen or molds.

Question 69

The antigens to which allergic individuals are sensitive are termed _____.

Question 70

Allergic reactions to penicillins are considered a Type _____ hypersensitivity.

Question 71

The _____ dose of an allergen results in signs and symptoms of the allergy.

Question 72

_____ hypersensitivities involve soluble antigen with IgM or IgG forming complexes that can deposit in tissues.

Question 73

Compare and contrast local atopies and contact dermatitis with regard to: a) components and events of the immune response, b) tissue damaging mediators, and c) two examples of each.