Deck 2: The Chemistry of Biology

Question 1

Which of the following functional groups is mismatched to the organic compound?

A)phosphate - carbohydrates
B)sulfhydryl - proteins
C)amino - proteins
D)hydroxyl - alcohols
E)carboxyl - fatty acids

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The subatomic particles that surround the nucleus are the

A)electrons.
B)protons.
C)neutrons.
D)protons and neutrons.
E)protons and electrons.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

What do H₂O, NaCl, CO₂, and HCl all have in common?

A)all salts
B)all acids
C)all gases
D)all inorganic
E)all solutes

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Two or more atoms bonded together are called a/an

A)ion.
B)isotope.
C)element.
D)electrolyte.
E)molecule.

Question 5

All of the following are monosaccharides except

A)glucose.
B)glycogen.
C)fructose.
D)ribose.
E)deoxyribose.

Question 6

What would be the valence number of electrons in the sulfur atom ³²₁₆s?

A)2
B)6
C)8
D)16
E)32

Question 7

Isotopes are atoms of the same element that differ in their

A)neutron number.
B)electron number.
C)proton number.
D)atomic number.
E)chemical properties.

Question 8

The building blocks of an enzyme are

A)nucleotides.
B)glycerol and fatty acids.
C)monosaccharides.
D)phosphate, glycerol, fatty acids.
E)amino acids.

Question 9

A solution of pH 7 compared to a solution of pH 9

A)is more basic.
B)has no OH^- ions.
C)has more H⁺ ions.
D)has a higher pH.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 10

Which of the following represents a synthesis reaction?

A)AB → A + B
B)A + B → AB
C)AB + XY → AX + BY
D)AB + XY ↔ AX + BY
E)None of the choices are correct.

Question 11

All of the following pertain to the atom ¹⁴₆c except it(s)

A)has 6 protons.
B)has 6 electrons.
C)has 14 neutrons.
D)is an isotope of carbon.
E)mass number is 14.

Question 12

What is the maximum number of electrons in the second energy shell of an atom?

A)2
B)4
C)8
D)18
E)32

Question 13

The important solvent associated with living things is

A)carbon dioxide.
B)sodium chloride.
C)ethyl alcohol.
D)benzene.
E)water.

Question 14

Reactions involving electron release are called ______ reactions.

A)oxidation.
B)reduction.
C)ionization.
D)decomposition.
E)dissolution.

Question 15

The electrons of an atom are

A)always equal to the number of neutrons in an atom.
B)found in the nucleus.
C)used to determine atomic number.
D)positively charged.
E)moving in pathways called orbitals.

Question 16

Which term does not belong in this list?

A)lactic acid
B)vinegar
C)hydrogen ion donor
D)pH 8
E)acidic

Question 17

All of the following are lipids except

A)cholesterol.
B)starch.
C)phospholipid.
D)wax.
E)triglyceride.

Question 18

Anything that occupies space and has mass is called

A)an electron.
B)living.
C)matter.
D)energy.
E)space.

Question 19

Polar molecules are composed of covalently bonded

A)identical atoms.
B)carbon atoms.
C)ions.
D)atoms of different electronegativity.
E)atoms of identical electronegativity.

Question 20

Cations are

A)charged subatomic particles.
B)atoms that have gained electrons.
C)radioactive isotopes.
D)capable of forming ionic bonds with anions.
E)atoms without protons.

Question 21

One nucleotide contains

A)one phosphate.
B)one pentose.
C)one nitrogen base.
D)All of the choices are correct.
E)None of the choices are correct.

Question 22

The atomic number equals the number of __________ an atom possesses.

A)neutrons
B)protons
C)protons plus electrons
D)neutrons plus protons
E)electrons plus protons

Question 23

What part of a phospholipid forms hydrophobic tails?

A)fatty acids
B)glycerol
C)phosphate
D)alcohol
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 24

If carbon has an atomic number of 6 and an atomic mass of 14, how many neutrons does it have?

A)6
B)7
C)8
D)14
E)impossible to determine

Question 25

The neutrons of an atom are

A)always equal to the number of protons in an atom.
B)found in the nucleus.
C)used to determine atomic number.
D)positively charged.
E)moving in pathways called orbitals.

Question 26

The purine bases in nucleic acids include

A)thymine and cytosine.
B)guanine and adenine.
C)cytosine and guanine.
D)adenine and thymine.
E)ribose and deoxyribose.

Question 27

Which is not true about enzymes?

A)found in all cells
B)are catalysts
C)participate in the cell's chemical reactions
D)can be denaturated by heat and other agents
E)have high-energy bonds between phosphates

Question 28

ATP is best described as

A)an enzyme.
B)a double helix.
C)an electron carrier.
D)the energy molecule of cells.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 29

Which amino acid contains sulfur atoms that form covalent disulfide bonds in its tertiary structure?

A)valine
B)cysteine
C)serine
D)alanine
E)tyrosine

Question 30

Which of the following represents an exchange reaction?

A)AB → A + B
B)A + B → AB
C)X + Y → XYD
D)AB + XY ↔ AX + BY
E)None of the choices are correct.

Question 31

An amino acid contains all of the following, except

A)an amino group.
B)a carboxyl group.
C)a variable R group.
D)an a carbon.
E)a nitrogen base.

Question 32

All of the following are polysaccharides, except

A)dextran in some bacterial slime layers.
B)agar used to make solid culture media.
C)a cell's glycocalyx.
D)cellulose in certain cell walls.
E)prostaglandins in inflammation.

Question 33

Which of the following would have glycosidic bonds?

A)triglycerides
B)monosaccharides
C)polypeptides
D)polysaccharides
E)ATP

Question 34

Which pertains to DNA but not to RNA?

A)contains ribose
B)contains adenine
C)contains thymine
D)contains uracil
E)contains nucleotides

Question 35

A weak, attractive force between nearby molecules is called a/an

A)hydrogen bond.
B)covalent bond.
C)ionic bond.
D)peptide bond.
E)glycosidic bond.

Question 36

grams
C)40 grams
D)400 grams
E)None of the choices are correct.

Question 37

A student forgot to label a beaker containing a DNA solution and a beaker containing a glucose solution.If chemical analysis was performed to identify the contents of each beaker, which of the following would be found in the beaker of DNA but not in the beaker with glucose?

A)amino acids
B)hydrogen and oxygen atoms
C)nitrogen and phosphorus
D)fatty acids
E)carbon atoms

Question 38

A monosaccharide with 5 carbon atoms will have _____ hydrogen atoms and _____ oxygen atoms.

A)10, 5
B)5, 10
C)5, 5
D)10, 10
E)2, 1

Question 39

C₆H₁₂O₆ + C₆H₁₂O₆→ C₁₂ H₂₂O₁₁ + H₂O represents

A)formation of a peptide bond.
B)a decomposition reaction.
C)denaturation.
D)formation of a polysaccharide.
E)dehydration synthesis.

Question 40

The nucleic acid that delivers the correct amino acid for protein synthesis is

A)rRNA.
B)DNA.
C)tRNA.
D)mRNA.
E)ATP.

Question 41

If solution A has a lower pH compared to solution B, then solution A is more acidic than solution
B.

Question 42

Which of the following is the stored form of carbohydrates in animals?

A)glycogen
B)maltose
C)starch
D)cellulose
E)galactose

Question 43

Which of the following carbohydrates is found in dairy?

A)lactose
B)sucrose
C)maltose
D)glucose
E)fructose

Question 44

The concentration of a solution expresses the amount of solvent present.

Question 45

Replication is the cellular mechanism for making a copy of its DNA.

Question 46

The a helix and b-pleated sheet are examples of

A)primary structure.
B)secondary structure.
C)tertiary structure.
D)quaternary structure.
E)gamma structures.

Question 47

Only charged atoms can form ionic bonds.

Question 48

How many times more acidic is a solution with a pH of 3 than a solution with a pH of 6?

A)3
B)10
C)1000
D)36
E)63

Question 49

Elements have predictable chemical properties.

Question 50

A covalent bond is formed between an anion and a cation.

Question 51

Electrons that participate in chemical bonding are typically located closest to the nucleus.

Question 52

All proteins are enzymes.

Question 53

All of the following are correct about triglycerides, except

A)they are insoluble in water.
B)they are a concentrated source of energy.
C)when they are unsaturated they are solid.
D)they dissolve in nonpolar solvents.
E)they are digested by lipases.

Question 54

The type of chemical bond linking amino acids together is a(n)

A)glycosidic bond.
B)peptide bond.
C)ester bond.
D)ionic bond.
E)hydrogen bond.

Question 55

Nucleic acids have primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary levels of organization.

Question 56

Which of the following examples are NOT hydrophobic?

A)Glucose
B)Vegetable oil
C)Butter
D)Cholesterol
E)Choices B, C, and D are correct

Question 57

The polynucleotide strands of DNA are linked along their length by __________ bonds between the bases.

A)covalent
B)ionic
C)Van der Waals
D)double
E)hydrogen

Question 58

The only part of an amino acid that differs from other amino acids is its R group.

Question 59

Polar molecules have more reactivity compared to nonpolar molecules.

Question 60

Water molecules are nonpolar molecules.

Question 61

The total number of protons and neutrons of an element establishes its _____ number.

Question 62

In _____ reproduction, offspring arise from the division of a single parent cell into two identical progeny cells.

Question 63

Certain antibiotics are effective against bacteria that cause human infections because they target prokaryotic ribosomes.Discuss, in detail, how the drug attacking a pathogen's ribosomes will affect the cell.Discuss at least 3 specific detrimental results.

Question 64

Organic chemicals always have a basic framework of the element _____ bonded to other atoms.

Question 65

A solution is composed of one or more substances called _____ that are uniformly dispersed in a dissolving medium called a _____.or

Question 66

Purines and pyrimidines are components in the building block units of all _____.

Question 67

Protons and neutrons make up the atom's central core referred to as its _____.

Question 68

During protein synthesis, _____ RNA is made to be a copy of a gene from the DNA.

Question 69

Atoms that gain or lose electrons become charged particles called _____.

Question 70

Identify and provide specific examples of the classes of macromolecules that are associated with life.

Question 71

Compare and contrast the chemical and functional characteristics of DNA and RNA molecules.

Question 72

A fat is called _____ if all carbons of the fatty acid chain are single bonded to 2 other carbons and 2 hydrogens.

Question 73

Explain what radioisotopes are, and describe how they can be used to monitor the uptake of a specific biochemical by a microbial culture.

Question 74

_____ bonds are formed by dehydration synthesis between adjacent amino acids.