Deck 14: Nervous Tissue

Question 1

Based on function,99 percent of neurons are

A)sensory neurons.
B)motor neurons.
C)multipolar neurons.
D)bipolar neurons.
E)interneurons.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Which two distinct cell types form nervous tissue?

A)Afferent cells and glial cells
B)Peripheral cells and neurons
C)Glial cells and neurons
D)Peripheral cells and glial cells
E)Glial cells and efferent cells

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which is not characteristic of neurons?

A)High mitotic rate
B)High metabolic rate
C)Require continuous supplies of glucose and oxygen
D)Extreme longevity
E)No exceptions;all of these are characteristic of neurons

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The portion of the nervous system that conducts impulses from the skin,joints,skeletal muscles,and special senses is the _________ _______ division.

A)autonomic motor
B)somatic sensory
C)somatic motor
D)visceral sensory

Question 5

The cytoplasm within a cell body of a neuron is called the

A)soma.
B)perikaryon.
C)neurokaryon.
D)chromatophilic substance.
E)chromatophobic substance.

Question 6

The most abundant glial cell in the CNS is the

A)astrocyte.
B)ependymal cell.
C)neurolemmocyte.
D)microglial cell.
E)oligodendrocyte.

Question 7

The part of the neuron responsible for receiving,integrating,and sending nerve impulses is the

A)dendrite.
B)axon.
C)cell body.
D)axon hillock.
E)telodendrion.

Question 8

What structures extend into the axon and dendrite of a neuron to provide tensile strength?

A)Motor filaments
B)Nissl bodies
C)Telodendria
D)Neurofibrils
E)Collateral fibers

Question 9

A neuron conducting an impulse from the CNS to the detrusor muscle of the urinary bladder would be classified as a(n)_________ _________ neuron.

A)autonomic motor
B)somatic sensory
C)somatic motor
D)visceral sensory

Question 10

The neurons that are responsible for integrating information by retrieving,processing,storing,and "deciding" how the body responds to stimuli are

A)sensory neurons.
B)motor neurons.
C)accessory neurons.
D)correlation neurons.
E)interneurons.

Question 11

Which is not a general function of the nervous system?

A)Transporting materials throughout the body
B)Collecting information
C)Processing and evaluating information
D)Responding to information
E)No exceptions;all are general functions of the nervous system

Question 12

Glial cells differ from neurons in that they

A)are larger and capable of meiosis.
B)are smaller and capable of mitosis.
C)are found only in the CNS.
D)are found only in the PNS.
E)transmit nerve impulses much more slowly.

Question 13

The portion of the nervous system that has voluntary control over skeletal muscles is the _________ _________ division.

A)autonomic motor
B)somatic sensory
C)somatic motor
D)visceral sensory

Question 14

A neuron conducting an impulse from the stomach wall to the CNS would be classified as a(n)_________ _________ neuron.

A)autonomic motor
B)somatic sensory
C)somatic motor
D)visceral sensory

Question 15

Which statement is correct concerning the terms afferent and efferent with respect to the nervous system?

A)Afferent refers to the conduction of an impulse outward from the CNS.
B)Both terms refer to conducting impulses outward from the CNS although efferent pathways carry only sensory impulses.
C)Efferent refers to the conduction of motor impulses toward the CNS.
D)Afferent refers to the conduction of sensory impulses toward the CNS.
E)Both terms refer to conducting impulses toward the CNS although afferent pathways carry only motor impulses.

Question 16

Based on structure,the most common type of neuron is the _____ neuron.

A)multipolar
B)bipolar
C)unipolar
D)pseudounipolar

Question 17

Which is not a function of the motor division of the nervous system?

A)Conducts output (nerve impulses)from the CNS
B)Transmits impulses to muscles and glands
C)Transmits impulses from the viscera
D)Voluntary control of skeletal muscle
E)Involuntary control of the heart

Question 18

Where are synaptic knobs located?

A)At the tips of telodendria
B)At the ends of dendrites
C)Within the cell body
D)Along axon collaterals
E)At the axon hillock

Question 19

Which does not belong to the peripheral nervous system?

A)Ganglion
B)Cranial nerve
C)Spinal cord
D)Peripheral nerve
E)Spinal nerve

Question 20

The afferent division of the nervous system is also known as the _____ division.

A)motor
B)cranial
C)ganglial
D)efferent
E)sensory

Question 21

Which glial cell defends the body against pathogens?

A)Astrocyte
B)Ependymal cell
C)Neurolemmocyte
D)Microglial cell
E)Oligodendrocyte

Question 22

The glial cell that helps to circulate cerebrospinal fluid is the

A)astrocyte.
B)ependymal cell.
C)neurolemmocyte.
D)microglial cell.
E)oligodendrocyte.

Question 23

The function of neurofibril nodes is to

A)inhibit the transmission of a nerve impulse.
B)provide points of attachment for nerve threads.
C)produce a faster nerve impulse through salutatory conduction.
D)produce a slower impulse through continuous conduction.
E)protect the delicate axon sheath.

Question 24

Which cells help repair axons through the process called Wallerian degeneration?

A)Oligodendrocytes
B)Microglia
C)Neurolemmocytes
D)Astrocytes
E)Special satellite cell

Question 25

Which is not a step in the process of Wallerian degeneration?

A)Neurolemmocytes form regeneration tube.
B)Proximal portion of severed axon seals off.
C)Effector is reinnervated.
D)Macrophages remove debris.
E)No exceptions;all of these are steps in the process.

Question 26

Which glial cell has perivascular feet that wrap around capillaries in the CNS?

A)Astrocyte
B)Ependymal cell
C)Neurolemmocyte
D)Microglial cell
E)Oligodendrocyte

Question 27

Which glial cell helps replace damaged neurons?

A)Astrocyte
B)Ependymal cell
C)Neurolemmocyte
D)Microglial cell
E)Oligodendrocyte

Question 28

Which glial cell myelinates and insulates axons in the peripheral nervous system?

A)Astrocyte
B)Ependymal cell
C)Neurolemmocyte
D)Microglial cell
E)Oligodendrocyte

Question 29

Nerve impulses involving pain stimuli travel along

A)myelinated axons.
B)unmyelinated axons.

Question 30

What do all glial cells have in common?

A)They help to transmit the nerve signals.
B)They transfer blood to the various neurons.
C)They assist neurons in their respective functions.
D)They all attack pathogens.
E)They absorb extra blood and cerebrospinal fluid.

Question 31

A nerve impulse travels fastest along ________ axons of ______ diameter.

A)myelinated;small
B)unmyelinated;small
C)myelinated;large
D)unmyelinated;large
E)None of the choices;axon diameter does not affect impulse conduction.

Question 32

Which glial cell provides structural support and organization to the CNS?

A)Astrocyte
B)Ependymal cell
C)Neurolemmocyte
D)Microglial cell
E)Oligodendrocyte

Question 33

Which is true regarding the action of a neurolemmocyte?

A)Each neurolemmocyte can form a myelin sheath around many axons simultaneously.
B)A neurolemmocyte is responsible for forming part of the blood-brain barrier.
C)Neurolemmocytes function only within the CNS.
D)Each neurolemmocyte can wrap only a 1mm portion of a single axon.
E)A neurolemmocyte attacks pathogens.

Question 34

The glial cell that myelinates and insulates axons within the CNS is the

A)astrocyte.
B)ependymal cell.
C)neurolemmocyte.
D)microglial cell.
E)oligodendrocyte.

Question 35

Which of these is not a factor that influences regeneration of PNS axons?

A)Amount of damage
B)Secretion of nerve growth factors by neurolemmocytes
C)Distance of the damaged axon from the receptor organ
D)Distance of the damaged axon from the brain
E)No exceptions;all of these affect regeneration

Question 36

Which glial cell protects neuron cell bodies located within ganglia?

A)Satellite cell
B)Ependymal cell
C)Neurolemmocyte
D)Astrocyte
E)Oligodendrocyte

Question 37

Continuous conduction of a nerve impulse occurs only along

A)myelinated axons.
B)dendrites.
C)unmyelinated axons.
D)axons in the PNS.
E)axons in the CNS.

Question 38

The glossy-white appearance of most axons is due to

A)the high lipid content of the myelin sheath.
B)their proximity to light-reflecting cartilage.
C)their proximity to white bone.
D)the white color of the perivascular feet.
E)the covering of ependymal cells.

Question 39

Which glial cell helps to form the blood-brain barrier?

A)Astrocyte
B)Ependymal cell
C)Neurolemmocyte
D)Microglial cell
E)Oligodendrocyte

Question 40

Which statement is true regarding the action of an oligodendrocyte?

A)Each oligodendrocyte can form a myelin sheath around many axons simultaneously.
B)An oligodendrocyte is responsible for forming part of the blood-brain barrier.
C)Oligodendrocytes function only within the PNS.
D)Each oligodendrocyte can wrap only a 1mm portion of a single axon.
E)A neurolemmocyte attacks pathogens.

Question 41

Which is not a type of neuronal pool?

A)Converging
B)Triangular
C)Diverging
D)Parallel-after-discharge
E)Reverberating

Question 42

The connective tissue wrappings of a nerve,beginning at the outermost layer,are

A)perineurium $\rarr$ epineurium $\rarr$ endoneurium.
B)perineurium $\rarr$ endoneurium $\rarr$ epineurium.
C)epineurium $\rarr$ perineurium $\rarr$ endoneurium.
D)epineurium $\rarr$ endoneurium $\rarr$ perineurium.
E)endoneurium $\rarr$ perineurium $\rarr$ epineurium.

Question 43

A nerve

A)contains a single axon.
B)is found only in the CNS.
C)carries only sensory information.
D)carries information only toward the PNS.
E)is a cablelike bundle of parallel axons.

Question 44

What is the connective tissue wrapping that surrounds bundles (fascicles)of axons?

A)Epineurium
B)Endoneurium
C)Perineurium
D)Endosteum
E)Periosteum

Question 45

The endoneurium is composed of

A)dense regular connective tissue.
B)simple squamous epithelium.
C)dense irregular connective tissue.
D)areolar connective tissue.
E)pseudostratified nonkeratinized epithelium.

Question 46

As an axon approaches the cell onto which it will terminate,it generally branches repeatedly into several

A)teloaxons.
B)dendrites.
C)collateral axons.
D)telodendria.
E)neurolemmocytes.

Question 47

Which is not one of the three common structural types of synapses?

A)Axonucleic
B)Axoaxonic
C)Axosomatic
D)Axodendritic

Question 48

The epineurium is composed of

A)dense regular connective tissue.
B)simple squamous epithelium.
C)dense irregular connective tissue.
D)areolar connective tissue.
E)pseudostratified nonkeratinized epithelium.

Question 49

Of the two types of synapses,based on mode of communication,which is less common but allows faster signal transmission?

A)Chemical synapse
B)Mechanical synapse
C)Physical synapse
D)Magnetic synapse
E)Electrical synapse

Question 50

Which factor(s)impede the regeneration of CNS axons?

A)Oligodendrocytes do not release a nerve growth factor.
B)CNS axons lack the myelin sheath needed for regeneration.
C)Scar tissue may form,obstructing regrowth.
D)All of the choices are correct.
E)Two of the choices are correct.

Question 51

Which is the most common structural type of synapse?

A)Dendrodendritic
B)Axoaxonic
C)Axosomatic
D)Axodendritic
E)Axonucleic

Question 52

The type of neuronal circuit in which several neurons process the same information at one time is a _____________ circuit.

A)converging
B)diverging
C)reverberating
D)parallel-after-discharge
E)None of the choices is correct.

Question 53

The type of neuronal circuit in which several nerve impulses come together at a single postsynaptic neuron is a _____________ circuit.

A)converging
B)diverging
C)reverberating
D)parallel-after-discharge
E)None of the choices is correct.

Question 54

Of the two types of synapses,based on mode of communication,which is slower and more common?

A)Chemical synapse
B)Mechanical synapse
C)Physical synapse
D)Magnetic synapse
E)Electrical synapse

Question 55

What type of neuronal synapse occurs between cardiac muscle cells?

A)Chemical synapse
B)Mechanical synapse
C)Physical synapse
D)Magnetic synapse
E)Electrical synapse

Question 56

The type of neuronal circuit that uses feedback to produce a repeated,cyclical stimulation of the circuit is a _____________ circuit.

A)converging
B)diverging
C)reverberating
D)parallel-after-discharge
E)None of the choices is correct.

Question 57

Axons terminate at each of these locations except

A)other neurons.
B)bone.
C)smooth muscle cells.
D)glands.
E)skeletal muscles cells.

Question 58

There are two types of synapses,based on mode of communication.What are they?

A)Mechanical and chemical
B)Magnetic and physical
C)Physical and chemical
D)Chemical and electrical
E)Mechanical and electrical

Question 59

Choose the answer that correctly lists,in chronological order,the events involved in synaptic transmission.
A: A nerve impulse reaches the synaptic knob
B: Neurotransmitter molecules diffuse across the synaptic cleft
C: A nerve impulse begins in the postsynaptic cell
D: Neurotransmitter molecules bind to receptors in the postsynaptic cell
E: A voltage change occurs in the postsynaptic cell

A)a,c,b,d,e
B)a,b,e,d,c
C)c,b,d,e,a
D)a,b,d,e,c
E)c,a,b,d,e

Question 60

Billions of CNS interneurons are grouped in complex patterns called neuronal

A)networks.
B)complexes.
C)pools.
D)meshes.
E)webs.

Question 61

What cell type does number 3 indicate?

A)Satellite cell
B)Neurolemmocyte
C)Microglial cell
D)Astrocyte
E)Ependymal cell

Question 62

What type of synapse does number 2 indicate?

A)Axodendritic
B)Axoaxonic
C)Axosomatic
D)Dendrodendritic
E)Dendrosomatic

Question 63

The type of neuronal circuit that ensures that we continue to breathe while asleep is a _____________ circuit.

A)converging
B)diverging
C)reverberating
D)parallel-after-discharge
E)None of the choices is correct.

Question 64

A slowly progressive disorder affecting muscle movement and balance,this condition is characterized by stiff posture,tremors,and reduced spontaneity of facial expressions.

A)Guillain-Barré syndrome
B)Parkinson disease
C)Multiple sclerosis
D)Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
E)None of the choices is correct.

Question 65

A condition in which the brain is substantially missing is

A)spina bifida.
B)amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
C)muscular dystrophy.
D)anencephaly.
E)cerebral palsy.

Question 66

This figure depicts a typical neuron.What structures are indicated by number 1?

A)Axon hillocks
B)Dendrites
C)Axon collaterals
D)Telodendria
E)Synaptic knobs

Question 67

This figure depicts a typical nerve.What structures are indicated by number 3?

A)Myelin sheath
B)Dendrites
C)Fascicle
D)Epineurium
E)Perineurium

Question 68

What cell type does number 2 indicate?

A)Satellite cell
B)Neuron
C)Microglial cell
D)Astrocyte
E)Ependymal cell

Question 69

What type of circuit is used to maintain body posture while walking?

A)Converging
B)Diverging
C)Reverberating
D)Parallel-after-discharge
E)None of the choices is correct.

Question 70

What type of synapse does number 1 indicate?

A)Axodendritic
B)Axoaxonic
C)Axosomatic
D)Dendrodendritic
E)Dendrosomatic

Question 71

You walk into a restaurant and amidst the sights,sounds,and smells of food preparation,you notice that you have begun to salivate.This is evidence that a particular neuronal circuit has been activated.Which one?

A)Converging
B)Diverging
C)Reverberating
D)
Parallel-after-discharge
E)None of the choices is correct

Question 72

What structures are indicated by number 1?

A)Satellite cells
B)Podocytes
C)Microglial cells
D)Perivascular feet
E)Ependymal cells

Question 73

What structure does number 5 indicate?

A)Neurofibril node
B)Myelin sheath
C)Nucleus
D)Perivascular foot
E)Ependymal cell

Question 74

This condition is a disorder of the peripheral nervous system characterized by muscle weakness that begins in the distal limbs,but rapidly advances to involve proximal muscles as well.

A)Guillain-Barré syndrome
B)Parkinson disease
C)Multiple sclerosis
D)Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
E)None of the choices is correct.

Question 75

What cell type does number 4 indicate?

A)Satellite cell
B)Neurolemmocyte
C)Microglial cell
D)Oligodendrocyte
E)Ependymal cell

Question 76

Neural stem cells in the CNS

A)have no known function.
B)can only form glial cells.
C)can form new neurons throughout the CNS.
D)can form new neurons in only certain portions of the CNS such as the hippocampus.
E)can migrate to the PNS as needed.

Question 77

These events occur during the development of the nervous system:
A: Neural groove forms
B: Neural folds approach one another
C: Neural crest cells pinch off from the neural folds
D: Neural folds fuse to form neural tube
Which is the correct chronological order for the events?

A)a,c,b,d
B)c,b,d,a
C)a,b,c,d
D)b a,d,c
E)c a,b,d

Question 78

What type of circuit would you use to solve a higher-order mathematical problem?

A)Converging
B)Diverging
C)Reverberating
D)Parallel-after-discharge
E)None of the choices is correct.

Question 79

The type of neuronal circuit that spreads information from one presynaptic neuron to several postsynaptic neurons is a _____________ circuit.

A)converging
B)diverging
C)reverberating
D)parallel-after-discharge
E)None of the choices is correct.

Question 80

This condition involves progressive demyelination of neurons in the CNS accompanied by the destruction of oligodendrocytes.As a result,the conduction of nerve impulses is disrupted,leading to impaired sensory perception and motor coordination.

A)Guillain-Barré syndrome
B)Parkinson disease
C)Multiple sclerosis
D)Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
E)None of the choices is correct.