Deck 10: Muscle Tissue and Organization

Question 1

Which is a correct listing of the hierarchy of a skeletal muscle's components,beginning with the smallest?
A: Myofibrils
B: Muscle fiber
C: Fascicle
D: Skeletal muscle

A)a,b,c,d
B)a,c,b,d
C)d,c,b,a
D)c,b,a,d
E)b,c,a,d

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which are possible functions of skeletal muscles?
A: Maintenance of posture
B: Both highly coordinated and localized simple movements
C: Temperature regulation
D: Support of certain body organs
E: Restricting the movement of material through certain body tracts

A)a,b,e
B)a,b,c
C)a,b,c,e
D)a,b,c,d
E)a,b,c,d,e

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Which is the correct order of the connective tissue layers of a skeletal muscle,beginning with the outermost first?
A: Endomysium
B: Epimysium
C: Perimysium

A)a,b,c
B)b,a,c
C)c,a,b
D)b,c,a
E)c,b,a

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which letter is associated with a zone that is more lightly shaded because only thick filaments are present?

A)I
B)A
C)M
D)Z
E)H

Question 5

The multiple nuclei in skeletal muscle cells are the result of the

A)fusion of myoblasts.
B)cytokinesis of embryonic satellite cells.
C)spontaneous development of nuclei in embryonic cells.
D)stimulation of fibroblasts by hormones.
E)action of testosterone on mesenchyme cell.

Question 6

Which letter is associated with the line that is a thin protein structure in the center of a band and serves as an attachment site for thin filament ends?

A)I
B)A
C)Z
D)M
E)H

Question 7

Which are the reservoirs that store the calcium required for muscle contraction?

A)Synaptic vesicles
B)Synaptic clefts
C)Terminal cisternae
D)Peroxisomes
E)Mitochondria

Question 8

Which protein makes up the thick filaments?

A)Myosin
B)Actin
C)Tropomyosin
D)Troponin
E)Myopathy

Question 9

A sarcomere is defined as the distance from one _____ to the next adjacent ____ .(The same answer fills in both spaces. )

A)Z disc
B)I band
C)H zone
D)A band
E)M line

Question 10

The structure responsible for attaching muscle to bone is a

A)sphincter.
B)ligament.
C)fascia.
D)tendon.
E)myofibril.

Question 11

In general,a skeletal muscle is composed of
A: Connective tissue sheaths
B: Nerves
C: Arteries
D: Veins
E: Muscle fibers

A)a,b,c,e
B)a,b,d,e
C)b,c,d,e
D)a,b,c,d
E)a,b,c,d,e

Question 12

Which structures are reservoirs that store acetylcholine?

A)Synaptic vesicles
B)Synaptic clefts
C)Terminal cisternae
D)Lysosomes
E)Sarcomeres

Question 13

The narrow space that separates the motor neuron and the skeletal muscle fiber in a neuromuscular junction is called the

A)motor end plate.
B)synaptic vesicle.
C)synaptic cleft.
D)synaptic knob.
E)ACh floor.

Question 14

Which are considered specific characteristics of all muscle cells?
A: Contractility
B: Extensibility
C: Excitability
D: Elasticity
E: Originality

A)a,c,d,e
B)b,c,d
C)a,b,d,e
D)a,b,c,d
E)a,b,c,d,e

Question 15

The calcium ions involved in skeletal muscle contraction bind to a(n)______ subunit.

A)myosin
B)actin
C)elastin
D)tropomyosin
E)troponin

Question 16

Which incorrectly describes what happens during skeletal muscle contraction?

A)The width of the A band remains constant.
B)The H zone disappears.
C)The Z discs of a sarcomere move farther apart.
D)The sarcomere narrows.
E)The I bands narrow.

Question 17

What is the letter associated with the dark bands in a sarcomere?

A)I
B)A
C)Z
D)M
E)H

Question 18

Which letter is associated with the light band and contains thin filaments only?

A)I
B)A
C)M
D)Z
E)H

Question 19

The neurons that stimulate muscle contraction are called _____ neurons.

A)sensory
B)contractile
C)inhibitory
D)motor
E)association

Question 20

Which is not a protein found in thin filaments?

A)Actin
B)Troponin
C)Tropomyosin
D)Sarcomyosin
E)No exceptions;all are found in thin filaments.

Question 21

Which sequence correctly lists the changes that allow the thick and thin filaments to slide past one another in skeletal muscle contraction?

A)Attach - pivot - detach - return
B)Pivot - attach - return - detach
C)Attach - detach - pivot - return
D)Return - pivot - attach - detach
E)Pivot - attach - detach - return

Question 22

Which contraction occurs when you try (unsuccessfully)to move a wall?

A)Isometric
B)Isotonic

Question 23

The most common type of pennate muscle configuration is

A)unipennate.
B)bipennate.
C)multipennate.

Question 24

Pennate muscles resemble a

A)triangle.
B)leaf.
C)spindle.
D)feather.
E)strap.

Question 25

A motor unit consists of
A: A single motor neuron
B: Neuromuscular junctions
C: Muscle fibers
D: Several motor neurons
E: A single muscle fiber

A)a,b,e
B)a,b,c
C)b,c,d
D)a,e
E)c,d

Question 26

The type of lever with the fulcrum in the middle is a ________ lever.

A)first-class
B)second-class
C)third-class

Question 27

A sphincter has

A)widespread muscle fibers that converge on a common attachment site.
B)muscle fibers concentrically arranged.
C)fibers arranged in a parallel form.
D)fascicles arranged obliquely to their tendon.
E)fascicles that alternate superiorly and inferiorly.

Question 28

When muscle tension is greater than the resistance (weight),movement ______ occur.

A)will
B)will not

Question 29

When the force is applied between the resistance and the fulcrum,the result is a _____ lever.

A)first-class
B)second-class
C)third-class

Question 30

The vascular supply to slow muscle fibers is ______ the network of capillaries around fast muscle fibers.

A)more extensive than
B)less extensive than
C)the same as that of

Question 31

Which fibers dominate many of the back and calf muscles that contract almost continually to maintain posture?

A)Slow
B)Fast
C)Intermediate

Question 32

Which is the neurotransmitter that causes the release of calcium ions and initiates the steps of skeletal muscle fiber contraction?

A)Acetylcholinesterase
B)Rubitussin
C)Acetylcholine
D)Serotonin
E)Norepinephrine

Question 33

Which of the myofilaments of a muscle fiber has the active sites to which the heads of the thick filaments will bind?

A)Actin
B)Troponin
C)Tropomyosin
D)Myosin
E)Sarcoplasm

Question 34

When a muscle is isometrically contracted,its length _______ change.

A)does
B)does not

Question 35

The majority of skeletal muscle fibers in the body are _____ fibers.

A)slow
B)fast
C)intermediate

Question 36

Which may occur as a result of muscle atrophy?

A)Muscle size is reduced.
B)Fibers become weaker.
C)Muscle loses tone.
D)Fibers waste away and die.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 37

The top long distance runners probably have _______ proportion of slow muscle fibers in their leg muscles.

A)a higher
B)a lower
C)the same

Question 38

The type of fibers specialized to continue contracting for extended periods of time,as would be required in running a marathon,for example,are _____ fibers.

A)fast
B)slow
C)intermediate
D)fast and intermediate
E)slow and intermediate

Question 39

The biceps brachii is an example of a ________ muscle.

A)bipennate
B)parallel
C)circular
D)convergent
E)multipennate

Question 40

The resistance to fatigue of fast fibers is ______ when compared to that of slow or intermediate fibers.

A)low
B)high
C)identical

Question 41

In which body region would you expect to find a muscle whose name includes the word "pollicis"?

A)Great toe
B)Buttocks
C)Thumb
D)Neck
E)Wrist

Question 42

A muscle whose name has "orbicularis" in it is _______ in appearance.

A)oblique
B)straight
C)small
D)very large
E)circular

Question 43

A term that could be used to describe the changes that occur in muscle fibers as humans age would be

A)proliferation.
B)hypertrophy.
C)convergence.
D)atrophy.
E)myofascia.

Question 44

A muscle whose name has "profundus" in it is located

A)on the front.
B)deep.
C)on the side.
D)parallel to the midline.
E)superficially.

Question 45

This sarcomere depicts relaxed muscle.Number 1 denotes the

A)A band.
B)H zone.
C)Z disc.
D)M line.
E)I band.

Question 46

Skeletal muscles are the only locations in the body where muscle tissue is found.

Question 47

The fat and connective tissue that encircle a beef steak form the endomysium.

Question 48

The primary function of the abdominal muscles is not to flex the spine,but to hold the abdominal organs in place.

Question 49

The embryonic-like cells that remain in adult skeletal muscle tissue are known as satellite cells.

Question 50

In the hierarchy of skeletal muscle fiber components,the myofibril is made up of myofilaments.

Question 51

Using the mandible to close your mouth as you bite on food is an example of a _________ lever.

A)first-class
B)second-class
C)third-class

Question 52

When the muscles on the posterior side of the head pull on the skull and oppose the tendency of the head to tip anteriorly,one has an example of a _____ lever.

A)first-class
B)second-class
C)third-class

Question 53

With increased age,skeletal muscles show

A)a decrease in the number of myofibrils.
B)an increase in muscle fiber diameter.
C)no change in oxygen storage capability.
D)increased glycogen reserves.
E)a tendency to fatigue less rapidly.

Question 54

A muscle whose name has "triceps" in it

A)has two muscle heads or tendons of origin.
B)has three muscle heads or tendons of origin.
C)has four sets of two muscle heads or tendons of origin.
D)has four muscle heads or tendons of origin.
E)is part of a complex of three separate muscles that rotate at a joint.

Question 55

The type of muscle fibers that are striated,form Y-shaped branches,and have junctions called intercalated discs are

A)skeletal.
B)cardiac.
C)smooth.
D)voluntary.
E)skeletal and voluntary.

Question 56

This sarcomere depicts relaxed muscle.The M line is noted by number

A)1.
B)2.
C)3.
D)4.
E)5.

Question 57

The T-tubules and sarcoplasmic reticulum are unique to muscle fibers.

Question 58

The type of muscle fibers that have only a single nucleus,both thick and thin filaments,but no Z discs,are

A)skeletal.
B)cardiac.
C)smooth.
D)cardiac and smooth.
E)cardiac and skeletal.

Question 59

Which region of a somite differentiates into the skeletal muscles?

A)Sclerotome
B)Dermatome
C)Myotome

Question 60

Which applies to synergist muscles?
A: Assist the agonist
B: Assist the antagonist
C: May stabilize the point of origin
D: May contribute to tension at the insertion site
E: Most useful at the end of a movement

A)a,c,d,e
B)b,c,d,e
C)a,c,d
D)b,c,e
E)b,c,d

Question 61

In the human body,the synovial joint between two bones always serves as the fulcrum of the lever.

Question 62

Each skeletal muscle is composed of _____________,which are bundles of muscle fibers.

Question 63

A circular muscle band that contracts at an orifice is also known as a _______________.

Question 64

The number of satellite cells in skeletal muscle steadily decreases with age.

Question 65

The tension produced by a muscle fiber is directly proportional to the number of sarcomeres it contains.

Question 66

The energy to drive the myosin movement during skeletal muscle contraction is provided by ATP.

Question 67

The agonist is the muscle that contracts to produce a desired movement.

Question 68

The ability of a contracted muscle to recoil to its resting length when the applied tension is removed is called _______________.

Question 69

In an isotonic contraction,the tension produced exceeds the resistance and muscle fibers will shorten.

Question 70

A first-class lever has its fulcrum between the force and the resistance.

Question 71

The return of a contracted muscle fiber to its resting length is an active (energy requiring)process.

Question 72

During skeletal muscle fiber contraction,the I bands and H zones narrow.

Question 73

During skeletal muscle contraction,more force is created when more motor units are activated.

Question 74

The metabolic reactions within fast fibers derive much of their energy from aerobic respiration.

Question 75

The fascicles of a pennate muscle are at an oblique angle to the tendon.

Question 76

Second-class levers are the most common in the human body.

Question 77

Slow fibers are specialized to continue contracting for extended periods of time without experiencing fatigue.

Question 78

In the resting stage,a muscle with the word "rectus" in its name has straight fascicles.

Question 79

Parallel muscles exhibit great strength but little endurance.

Question 80

Smooth muscle tissue is found in the organs of the digestive tract,the walls of blood vessels,and the iris.