Deck 26: Digestive System

Question 1

What is mastication?

A)Taking food into the mouth
B)Chewing and mixing food with saliva
C)Secretion of mucus
D)Swallowing
E)Rhythmic alternate contraction of muscle layers

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which is not considered to be an accessory digestive organ?

A)Pancreas
B)Tongue
C)Salivary gland
D)Gall bladder
E)Appendix

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Digestion of carbohydrates begins in the

A)stomach.
B)small intestine.
C)oral cavity.
D)large intestine.
E)liver.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

What type of epithelium lines the majority of the oral cavity?

A)Keratinized stratified squamous
B)Nonkeratinized stratified squamous
C)Pseudostratified ciliated columnar
D)Keratinized stratified cuboidal
E)Nonkeratinized stratified cuboidal

Question 5

The projections on the superior surface of the tongue,some of which house taste buds,are the

A)tonsils.
B)cilia.
C)rugae.
D)glossal spines.
E)papillae.

Question 6

Which is not correct regarding saliva?

A)Its pH is slightly alkaline.
B)Daily production is 1-1½ liters.
C)It contains antibodies and an antibacterial enzyme.
D)The majority of its volume is water.
E)It contains mucus to aid in swallowing.

Question 7

Which term describes the opening from the oral cavity to the oropharynx?

A)Fauces
B)Choana
C)Conchae
D)Fossae
E)Glossus

Question 8

Which term is not correctly paired with an alternate name?

A)Oral cavity - mouth
B)Transverse palatine folds - friction ridges
C)Lips - labia
D)Gums - gingivae
E)Uvula - soft palate

Question 9

Where are the transverse palatine folds located?

A)Soft palate
B)Glossopalatine arch
C)Hard palate
D)Pharyngopalatine arch
E)Labial frenulum

Question 10

Late one night,while studying for your anatomy class,you open a box of saltine crackers to do a little snacking.After chewing on a starchy morsel for a few minutes,you begin to notice a sweet taste in your mouth.What accounts for this?

A)"Sweet" taste receptors are slower to respond than others.
B)Activity of bacteria in the mouth lowers the pH.
C)Esophageal reflux
D)Salivary amylase activity
E)Phagocytosis by the pharyngeal tonsils produces by-products that taste sweet.

Question 11

Which cranial nerves innervate the salivary glands?

A)V and VII
B)XI and XII
C)VII and IX
D)VI and IX
E)V and XI

Question 12

Which is not a function of the digestive system?

A)Absorption
B)Ingestion
C)Secretion
D)Micturition
E)Defecation

Question 13

During mastication,the tongue is limited in its movement by its attachment to the

A)hard palate.
B)uvula.
C)lingual frenulum.
D)fauces.
E)soft palate.

Question 14

The initial site of both mechanical and chemical digestion is the

A)stomach.
B)small intestine.
C)esophagus.
D)oral cavity.
E)pharynx.

Question 15

Which organ is not part of the gastrointestinal tract?

A)Esophagus
B)Large intestine
C)Stomach
D)Oral cavity
E)Liver

Question 16

Churning and mixing movements called segmentation take place only in the

A)small intestine.
B)stomach.
C)esophagus.
D)large intestine.
E)rectum.

Question 17

Peristalsis

A)is under voluntary control.
B)involves the opening and closing of muscular sphincters.
C)involves back-and-forth movement for mixing.
D)is a wave of muscular contraction.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 18

Which bones form the hard palate?

A)Palatine bones
B)Maxillae and inferior nasal conchae
C)Ethmoid and sphenoid bones
D)Palatine bones and maxillae
E)Maxillae and sphenoid

Question 19

Which salivary glands produce the largest volume of saliva?

A)Submandibular
B)Parotid
C)Palatine
D)Sublingual
E)Maxillary

Question 20

Which salivary gland empties into the oral vestibule at the level of the second upper molar?

A)Parotid
B)Maxillary
C)Submandibular
D)Sublingual
E)Palatine

Question 21

Which of the pharyngeal regions serve as part of the digestive passageway?

A)Nasopharynx and oropharynx
B)Oropharynx and laryngopharynx
C)Oropharynx
D)Nasopharynx,oropharynx,and laryngopharynx
E)Laryngopharynx

Question 22

The gastroenterologist has just determined that you have a blockage in your jejunum and he will have to perform surgery,making a small incision in the wall to remove the obstruction.What tunic will be cut first?

A)Mucosa
B)Submucosa
C)Tunica muscularis
D)Serosa
E)Adventitia

Question 23

The Peyer patches in the wall of the small intestine are

A)nerve plexuses.
B)clusters of lacteals.
C)nodules of lymphatic tissue.
D)extensive capillary beds.
E)pools of venous blood.

Question 24

Which is not correct regarding teeth?

A)The primary component of teeth is dentin.
B)The outer surface of enamel forms the crown of a tooth.
C)The central portion of a tooth is the sinus cavity.
D)The root is covered by cementum.
E)The apical foramen is the opening at the tip of the root.

Question 25

Which peritoneal fold attaches the liver to the anterior internal body wall?

A)Coronary ligament
B)Falciform ligament
C)Mesentery proper
D)Intraperitoneal ligament
E)Hepatic ligament

Question 26

The term "canines" describes the teeth that

A)are most anterior,used for slicing and cutting.
B)are lateral to the incisors,used for puncturing and tearing.
C)bear dental cusps for cutting and grinding.
D)are only found as permanent teeth.
E)are only found in dogs.

Question 27

Which layer(s)of the wall of the GI tract contain a nerve plexus?

A)Muscularis
B)Mucosa and adventitia/serosa
C)Adventitia/serosa
D)Mucosa and muscularis
E)Submucosa and muscularis

Question 28

Which is not a fold of peritoneum that forms a mesentery?

A)Lesser omentum
B)Falciform ligament
C)Mesentery proper
D)Mesocolon
E)Intraperitoneal ligament

Question 29

Which layer of the wall in the GI tract is composed of either areolar or dense irregular connective tissue and contains nerves,blood vessels,and lymph vessels?

A)Adventitia/serosa
B)Submucosa
C)Tunica muscularis
D)Mucosa
E)Myenteric

Question 30

The accumulation of large amounts of adipose tissue in the __________ can form what is commonly called a "beer belly".

A)greater omentum
B)mesentery proper
C)mesocolon
D)lesser omentum
E)falciform ligament

Question 31

Which organ is retroperitoneal?

A)Stomach
B)Jejunum
C)Transverse colon
D)Pancreas
E)Cecum

Question 32

Why are there so many phagocytic cells (in lymph nodes and the liver,for example)associated with the digestive system?

A)They stimulate digestive enzyme production.
B)They remove bacteria and other foreign material ingested with food.
C)They stimulate contractions of the tunica muscularis.
D)They stimulate proliferation of stem cells.
E)They can transform into other cell types under the appropriate hormonal stimulation.

Question 33

The term "retroperitoneal" may be used to describe the location of certain abdominal organs.This means that such organs are located

A)between the visceral and parietal layers of the peritoneum.
B)posterior to the parietal peritoneum.
C)in the peritoneal cavity.
D)between folds of the parietal peritoneum.
E)deep to the visceral peritoneum.

Question 34

Sympathetic innervation of the digestive system

A)promotes digestive activity.
B)vasoconstricts blood vessels to the GI tract.
C)stimulates GI gland secretions.
D)stimulates peristalsis.
E)relaxes GI sphincters.

Question 35

The correct order for the layers of the GI tract wall,from innermost (next to lumen)to outermost is

A)mucosa - submucosa - adventitia/serosa - muscularis.
B)muscularis - mucosa - adventitia/serosa - submucosa.
C)adventitia/serosa - mucosa - submucosa - muscularis.
D)mucosa - submucosa - muscularis - adventitia/serosa.
E)adventitia/serosa - muscularis - mucosa - submucosa.

Question 36

For the majority of the GI tract,which layer(s)of the wall contain smooth muscle?

A)Muscularis
B)Mucosa and adventitia/serosa
C)Adventitia/serosa
D)Mucosa and muscularis
E)Submucosa and muscularis

Question 37

Which statement about teeth is not correct?

A)There are 32 permanent teeth.
B)Two sets of teeth develop during an individual's lifetime.
C)The premolars and molars have dental cusps for crushing and grinding.
D)There are four pairs of incisors,used for cutting and slicing.
E)The canines are cone-shaped,and each has two roots.

Question 38

The central cavity of a tooth is filled with

A)cementum.
B)dentin.
C)pulp.
D)enamel.
E)calcium phosphate.

Question 39

Which peritoneal fold supports the large intestine?

A)Greater omentum
B)Lesser omentum
C)Falciform ligament
D)Mesocolon
E)Peritoneal ligament

Question 40

Which does not supply blood to the GI tract?

A)Superior mesenteric artery
B)Celiac trunk
C)Hepatic artery
D)Inferior mesenteric artery
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 41

Villi

A)are found throughout the gastrointestinal tract.
B)generate movement of materials in the large intestine.
C)increase surface area in the small intestine.
D)contain both smooth and skeletal muscle fibers.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 42

The left colic flexure of the large intestine occurs between the

A)ascending colon and transverse colon.
B)transverse colon and descending colon.
C)descending colon and sigmoid colon.
D)sigmoid colon and rectum.
E)cecum and ascending colon.

Question 43

Which is not correct about the esophagus?

A)It opens to the cardia of the stomach.
B)It serves as the passageway for a bolus to pass from the pharynx to the stomach.
C)It produces movement by peristalsis.
D)It secretes a variety of enzymes for chemical digestion.
E)It is located posterior to the trachea.

Question 44

Which of the following is the correct order of small intestine regions that food passes through during digestion?

A)Ileum - duodenum - jejunum
B)Jejunum - duodenum - ileum
C)Duodenum - ileum - jejunum
D)Ileum - jejunum - duodenum
E)Duodenum - jejunum - ileum

Question 45

Lacteals

A)are found only in the large intestine.
B)absorb the products of fat digestion.
C)secrete intestinal juice.
D)connect directly to the liver.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 46

Which is not found in the wall of the large intestine?

A)Goblet cells
B)Simple columnar epithelium
C)Lymphatic nodules
D)Villi
E)Intestinal glands

Question 47

What is the correct order for the list of structures of the large intestine,starting at the cecum and ending at the rectum?
A: Left colic flexure
B: Ascending colon
C: Transverse colon
D: Right colic flexure
E: Sigmoid colon
F: Descending colon

A)f,c,d,e,a,b
B)b,d,c,a,f,e
C)e,b,a,c,d,f
D)b,a,c,d,f,e
E)e,b,d,c,a,f

Question 48

Stenosis (constriction)of the pyloric sphincter would interfere with

A)passage of bile and pancreatic juice into the duodenum.
B)peristalsis.
C)passage of a bolus into the stomach.
D)passage of chyme into the duodenum.
E)mucus secretion.

Question 49

Which is not correct regarding the stomach?

A)It is shaped like the letter J.
B)It is located in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen.
C)It participates in both mechanical and chemical digestion.
D)It has a third muscle layer,the oblique layer,not found elsewhere in the GI tract.
E)Its funnel-shaped terminal portion is called the fundus.

Question 50

The stomach

A)bears numerous folds called plicae circulares.
B)secretes the hormone gastrin.
C)is the site of all mechanical digestion.
D)has two muscle layers in the tunica muscularis.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 51

The vermiform appendix

A)functions in the detoxification of drugs (including alcohol).
B)secretes enzymes for protein digestion.
C)is attached to the sigmoid colon.
D)is retroperitoneal.
E)contains lymphatic nodules.

Question 52

The inferior esophageal sphincter is also known as the

A)cardiac sphincter.
B)pyloric sphincter.
C)pharyngoesophageal sphincter.
D)pharyngealgastric sphincter.
E)esophageal hiatus.

Question 53

The stomach region known as the cardia

A)is dome shaped and serves as a storage area.
B)surrounds the lower esophageal sphincter.
C)is the large,curved central portion.
D)is the funnel shaped terminal portion.
E)is a blind pouch.

Question 54

Protein digestion begins in the ________;fat digestion begins in the ________.

A)stomach;small intestine
B)mouth;stomach
C)esophagus;stomach
D)small intestine;small intestine
E)small intestine;large intestine

Question 55

Which region of the digestive tract moves material by peristalsis,haustral churning,and mass movement?

A)Large intestine
B)Small intestine
C)Stomach
D)Esophagus
E)Pharynx

Question 56

Of the five types of secretory cells in the gastric glands,which ones secrete pepsinogen?

A)Chief cells
B)Parietal cells
C)Surface mucous cells
D)Mucous neck cells
E)Enteroendocrine cells

Question 57

The esophagus

A)secretes digestive enzymes from its mucosa.
B)is located anterior to the trachea.
C)opens to the stomach at the pyloric sphincter.
D)contains both smooth and skeletal muscle fibers.
E)is lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.

Question 58

What is the primary function of the large intestine?

A)Storage of vitamins and minerals
B)Protein digestion and nutrient absorption
C)Water and electrolyte absorption
D)Secretion of water,salts,sodium bicarbonate,and enzymes
E)None of the choices is correct.

Question 59

Manufacturers of some medications used to treat heartburn advertise that their products shut down the acid-producing pumps in the stomach.Where are these "acid-producing pumps"? In other words,which type of gastric gland cell secretes acid?

A)Chief cells
B)Parietal cells
C)Mucous neck cells
D)Surface mucous cells
E)Enteroendocrine cells

Question 60

Which structure does not serve to increase surface area in the small intestine?

A)Circular folds
B)Villi
C)Microvilli
D)Rugae
E)Brush border

Question 61

This figure shows an intestinal villus.The structure indicated by number 1 is a(n)

A)intestinal artery.
B)lacteal.
C)microvillus.
D)intestinal vein.
E)flagellum.

Question 62

Which is not a lobe of the liver?

A)Right lobe
B)Caudate lobe
C)Round lobe
D)Quadrate lobe
E)Left lobe

Question 63

This figure shows an intestinal villus.What specific layer does number 4 indicate?

A)Circular layer of muscularis
B)Longitudinal layer of muscularis
C)Lamina propria
D)Basement membrane
E)Muscularis mucosae

Question 64

The gallbladder

A)is a mixed organ,containing both endocrine and exocrine tissues.
B)stores and concentrates bile.
C)lies adjacent to the inferior vena cava on the superior surface of the liver.
D)is surrounded and protected by the round ligament.
E)is attached to the liver by the falciform ligament.

Question 65

Which duct transports bile to and from the gallbladder?

A)Common bile duct
B)Pancreatic duct
C)Hepatopancreatic duct
D)Cystic duct
E)Hepatic duct

Question 66

This figure shows an intestinal villus.What is the structure indicated by number 3?

A)Submucosal gland
B)Brunner gland
C)Lymphatic nodule
D)Plicae circulares
E)Mucous gland

Question 67

This figure shows an intestinal villus.What is the invagination indicated by number 2?

A)Gastric gland
B)Lymphatic nodule
C)Intestinal gland
D)Endocrine gland
E)Peyer patch

Question 68

Which is a change in the digestive system associated with aging?

A)Decreased mucin secretion
B)Thinning of the tunica muscularis
C)Decreased enzyme secretion
D)Decreased replacement of epithelial cells
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 69

Which is not correct regarding bile?

A)Bile is produced by Kupffer cells.
B)Bile canaliculi transport bile to the periphery of each lobule.
C)Bile is stored and concentrated in the gallbladder.
D)Bile and blood flow in opposite directions within each hepatic lobule.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 70

This figure shows the stomach.Which number indicates the fundus?

A)1
B)2
C)4
D)7
E)8

Question 71

The gastrocolic reflex

A)generally occurs two or three times per day.
B)propels fecal material toward the rectum.
C)usually occurs during or immediately after a meal.
D)involves mass movements generated by the teniae coli.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 72

What material is transported in the sinusoids of the liver?

A)Bile
B)Arterial blood
C)Venous blood
D)Mixed arterial and venous blood
E)Hepatic juice

Question 73

Stenosis (constriction)of the hepatopancreatic ampulla would interfere with

A)the transport of bile and pancreatic juice.
B)the secretion of mucus.
C)the passage of chyme into the small intestine.
D)peristalsis.
E)salivary gland secretion.

Question 74

This figure shows the stomach.What structure does number 3 indicate?

A)Esophagus
B)Ilium
C)Duodenum
D)Jejunum
E)Descending colon

Question 75

This figure shows the stomach.What mesentery is attached to the region indicated by number 6?

A)Falciform ligament
B)Mesentery proper
C)Gastric ligament
D)Greater omentum
E)Lesser omentum

Question 76

The liver parenchyma,gallbladder,pancreas,and biliary apparatus develop from the endoderm of the

A)duodenum.
B)hepatic crest.
C)transverse colon.
D)lesser omentum.
E)umbilical cord.

Question 77

This figure shows the stomach.Which is not correct regarding the structures indicated by number 5?

A)The structures are called gastric folds.
B)The structures can only be observed when the stomach is empty.
C)The structures are called rugae.
D)The structures allow the stomach to expand when filled.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 78

What structures comprise a portal triad?

A)Branches of the hepatic artery,hepatic vein,and hepatic duct
B)Branches of the common bile duct,central vein,and hepatic artery
C)Branches of the hepatic duct,cystic duct,and central vein
D)Branches of the hepatic artery,hepatic portal vein,and hepatic duct
E)Branches of the cystic duct,central vein,and hepatic artery

Question 79

Which is not a function of the liver?

A)Storage of nutrients and vitamins
B)Production of bile
C)Phagocytosis
D)Synthesis of blood plasma proteins
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 80

Which structure is not derived from the foregut portion of the gut tube during development?

A)Esophagus
B)Jejunum
C)Gallbladder
D)Stomach
E)Pharynx