Deck 25: Respiratory System

Question 1

Which statement is untrue regarding the oropharynx?

A)It houses the paired palatine tonsils.
B)It is located posterior to the oral cavity.
C)It houses the lingual tonsils.
D)It houses the pharyngeal tonsil.
E)It extends from the soft palate to the level of the hyoid bone.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Organize the items listed into the proper sequence of events for gas exchange.
A: O₂ is transported to cells by circulatory system
B: O₂ is drawn into the lungs during inhalation
C: Cells use O₂ and generate CO₂
d: CO₂ is exhaled
E: The circulatory system transports CO₂ to the lungs

A)a,b,c,d,e
B)b,a,c,d,e
C)b,a,c,e,d
D)c,e,d,a,b
E)e,d,c,b,a

Answer 2

C

Question 3

What structure is also known as the "voice box"?

A)Larynx
B)Pharynx
C)Esophagus
D)Bronchus
E)Trachea

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which is not a function of the respiratory system?

A)Sound reception
B)Gas exchange
C)Olfaction
D)Gas conditioning

Question 5

What feature is used by both the respiratory and digestive systems?

A)Pharynx
B)Larynx
C)Nasal cavity
D)Paranasal sinuses
E)Esophagus

Question 6

Paranasal sinuses are not found within the

A)sphenoid bone.
B)frontal bone.
C)ethmoid bone.
D)mandible.
E)maxilla.

Question 7

Several things happen to inhaled air in a process called conditioning.Select the exception.

A)The air is cooled.
B)The air is humidified.
C)The air is cleansed.
D)The air is moistened.
E)The air becomes turbulent.

Question 8

What connects the pharynx to the trachea?

A)Esophagus
B)Bronchi
C)Alveolar ducts
D)Larynx
E)Nasal cavity

Question 9

The openings into the nasal cavity are the

A)internal nares.
B)fauces.
C)external nares.
D)paranasal sinuses.
E)inferior nasal conchae.

Question 10

Which statement is true regarding the location of the trachea?

A)It lies superior to the esophagus,inferior to the larynx,and superior to the primary bronchi of the lungs.
B)It lies posterior to the esophagus,inferior to the larynx,and superior to the primary bronchi of the lungs.
C)It lies anterior to the esophagus,inferior to the larynx,and inferior to the primary bronchi of the lungs.
D)It lies anterior to the esophagus,inferior to the larynx,and superior to the primary bronchi of the lungs.
E)It lies superior to the esophagus,superior to the larynx,and superior to the primary bronchi of the lungs.

Question 11

The larynx is supported by nine pieces of cartilage.Which cartilages occur in pairs?

A)Thyroid and corniculate
B)Corniculate and cuneiform
C)Cricoid,corniculate,and arytenoid
D)Corniculate,cuneiform,and arytenoid
E)Arytenoid and cuneiform

Question 12

Inhaled air is humidified and warmed by the

A)nasal cavity and the pharynx.
B)nasal cavity and the larynx.
C)nasal cavity and the paranasal sinuses.
D)pharynx and the paranasal sinuses.
E)tonsils and the paranasal sinuses.

Question 13

Into what region of the pharynx do auditory tubes open?

A)Oropharynx
B)Nasopharynx
C)Laryngopharynx

Question 14

What structures actually produce sound?

A)Vestibular folds
B)Paranasal sinuses
C)Arytenoid cartilages
D)Vestibular ligaments
E)Vocal folds

Question 15

Which does not prevent entrance of foreign bodies into the respiratory system?

A)Nasal hairs
B)Twisted passageways
C)Saliva
D)Mucus
E)Lysozyme

Question 16

Which is not part of the conducting portion of the respiratory system?

A)Alveoli
B)Trachea
C)Larynx
D)Nasal cavity
E)Bronchi

Question 17

What structure prevents food and drink from entering the trachea,conducts air,and produces sound?

A)Esophagus
B)Bronchi
C)Pharynx
D)Nasal cavity
E)Larynx

Question 18

Food is normally prevented from entering the nasopharynx by the

A)elevation of the epiglottis.
B)elevation of the soft palate.
C)depression of the hard palate.
D)closure of the nasal conchae.
E)constriction of the esophagus.

Question 19

Which region(s)of the pharynx are lined by pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium?

A)Oropharynx
B)Nasopharynx
C)Laryngopharynx
D)Oropharynx and nasopharynx
E)Oropharynx,nasopharynx,and laryngopharynx

Question 20

What structure connects the larynx to the primary bronchi?

A)Trachea
B)Pharynx
C)Esophagus
D)Bronchioles
E)Alveolar ducts

Question 21

Each lung consists of a number of segments called

A)alveolar segments.
B)bronchopulmonary segments.
C)mesothelial segments.
D)pleural segments.
E)systemic segments.

Question 22

You may have noticed that after a large meal you have had some difficulty breathing.Which explanation is most accurate with regard to this situation?

A)The food presses on the bronchi making air flow difficult.
B)The large quantity of food retards pulmonary blood flow.
C)Oxygen to the lungs is restricted due to fullness in the stomach.
D)A full stomach impedes contraction of the diaphragm,limiting inhalation.
E)It's just difficult to fill the lungs since blood-filled oxygen is flowing primarily to the stomach.

Question 23

Bronchioles are kept open by

A)rings of cartilage.
B)plates of cartilage.
C)skeletal muscle.
D)smooth muscle.
E)layers of epithelium.

Question 24

Foreign particles that are not filtered out by the respiratory epithelium are

A)dissolved by enzymes in the alveoli.
B)coughed up during normal daily activities.
C)collected by lymph nodes.
D)carried away in blood.
E)stored in nearby pulmonary alcoves.

Question 25

The alveolar cell that secretes pulmonary surfactant is the

A)alveolar type II cell.
B)alveolar type I cell.
C)alveolar macrophages.
D)dust cells.
E)squamous alveolar cell.

Question 26

Which do not belong to the respiratory portion of the respiratory system?

A)Respiratory bronchioles
B)Alveolar ducts
C)Terminal bronchioles
D)Pulmonary alveoli
E)Alveolar sacs

Question 27

Which is not part of the respiratory membrane?

A)Capillary endothelium
B)Fused basement membrane
C)Plasma membrane of type I cell
D)Plasma membrane of type II cell

Question 28

Which statement is true regarding secondary bronchi?

A)The right lung has two secondary bronchi and the left lung has three secondary bronchi.
B)The left lung has two secondary bronchi and the right lung has three secondary bronchi.
C)Each lung has two secondary bronchi.
D)Each lung has three secondary bronchi.
E)Each lung has four secondary bronchi.

Question 29

Which is not correct about the left lung?

A)It is slightly smaller than the right lung.
B)It has a cardiac impression.
C)It has a cardiac notch.
D)It has 2 lobes and 1 fissure.
E)It has an esophageal depression.

Question 30

These muscles increase thoracic cavity dimensions by elevating the first and second ribs during forced inhalation.

A)External intercostals
B)Scalenes
C)Transversus thoracis
D)Internal intercostals
E)Serratus posterior inferior

Question 31

The typical cell making up the alveolar wall is the

A)alveolar type II cell.
B)alveolar type I cell.
C)alveolar macrophages.
D)dust cells.
E)septal cell.

Question 32

What prevents the trachea from collapsing?

A)The internal air pressure within the trachea
B)The surrounding muscles
C)The internal epithelium
D)The C-shaped cartilaginous rings
E)Nothing,it pulsates (expands and contracts)with each breath.

Question 33

The hilum of the lung

A)is an indented area through which the bronchi,pulmonary vessels,lymphatic vessels,and nerves pass.
B)is the point of exit of exhaled air.
C)is the point of entrance for inhaled air.
D)is an elevated area through which the trachea,pulmonary vessels,and nerves pass.
E)serves to anchor all pulmonary structures to the mediastinum.

Question 34

How long is the average trachea?

A)12-14 inches
B)12-14 cm
C)12-14 mm

Question 35

Foreign particles

A)are more likely to lodge in the right primary bronchus.
B)are more likely to lodge in the left primary bronchus.
C)can lodge equally in either the right or left bronchi.

Question 36

On each side of the chest,the _________ pleura lines the internal thoracic wall and the __________ pleura tightly covers the lung.

A)thoracic;pulmonary
B)parietal;visceral
C)visceral;parietal
D)fibrous;serous
E)respiratory;pleural

Question 37

What type of tissue lines the trachea?

A)Cuboidal epithelium
B)Simple squamous epithelium
C)Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium
D)Stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium
E)Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Question 38

Where would you find mesothelium?

A)Lining the inside of the alveoli
B)Covering the trachea
C)On the outer surface of the lungs
D)On the inner surface of the thoracic walls
E)Two of these answers are correct.

Question 39

Phagocytic cells of the alveolus are the

A)alveolar type II cells.
B)alveolar type I cells.
C)alveolar macrophages.
D)septal cells.
E)squamous alveolar cells.

Question 40

Alveoli abut against each other,causing them to appear _________ in cross section.

A)collapsed
B)polygonal
C)stratified
D)circular
E)flattened

Question 41

During embryonic development,the conducting portion of the respiratory system develops by the _____ week.

A)4th
B)6th
C)10th
D)12th
E)16th

Question 42

Following an automobile accident,a broken rib penetrates into the pleural cavity causing air to accumulate in the space between the visceral and parietal pleura.What condition is this?

A)Pneumothorax
B)Atelectasis
C)Tension hemothorax
D)Hemothorax
E)Cystic fibrosis

Question 43

Following an automobile accident,a broken rib penetrates into the pleural cavity causing blood to accumulate in the space between the visceral and parietal pleura.What condition is this?

A)Pneumothorax
B)Atelectasis
C)Tension pneumothorax
D)Hemothorax
E)Cystic fibrosis

Question 44

Which is not a change associated with the aging of the respiratory system?

A)Increase in the elastic connective tissue in the lungs and the thoracic cavity wall
B)Reduction in the amount of gas that can be exchanged
C)Decrease in the ventilation rate
D)Reduction in the number of alveoli
E)Accumulation of carbon,dust,and pollution in the lungs

Question 45

These muscles extend from a superior rib inferomedially to the adjacent inferior rib.They elevate the ribs upon contraction,thereby increasing the transverse dimensions of the thoracic cavity during inhalation.

A)External intercostals
B)Scalenes
C)Transversus thoracis
D)Internal intercostals
E)Serratus posterior inferior

Question 46

The embryonic respiratory diverticulum is formed from

A)ectoderm.
B)mesoderm.
C)endoderm.

Question 47

Contraction of these muscles depresses the ribs,but only during forced exhalation.

A)External intercostals
B)Scalenes
C)Transversus thoracis
D)Internal intercostals
E)Serratus posterior inferior

Question 48

This muscle extends across the inner surface of the thoracic cage and attaches to ribs 2-6.It helps depress the ribs.

A)External intercostal
B)Scalene
C)Transversus thoracis
D)Internal intercostal
E)Serratus posterior inferior

Question 49

Pulmonary surfactant begins to appear in the embryo around the

A)8th week.
B)18th week.
C)28th week.
D)time of birth.

Question 50

Which is not a regulatory center for respiration?

A)Apneustic center
B)Pulmonary center
C)Pneumotaxic center
D)Respiratory rhythmicity center

Question 51

Which center inhibits the activity of the dorsal respiratory group (DRG)?

A)Apneustic center
B)Pulmonary center
C)Pneumotaxic center
D)Respiratory center

Question 52

Primitive alveoli begin to develop profusely in the embryo around the

A)8th week.
B)18th week.
C)28th week.
D)time of birth.

Question 53

The rate and depth of breathing is regulated by the _____ center.

A)apneustic
B)pulmonary
C)pneumotaxic
D)respiratory rhythmicity

Question 54

The involuntary,rhythmic activities that deliver and remove respiratory gases are regulated in the

A)brainstem.
B)midbrain.
C)cerebellum.
D)cerebral nuclei.
E)occipital lobe of the brain.

Question 55

During the development of the respiratory system,the vasculature,muscle,and cartilage of each lung form from

A)ectoderm.
B)mesoderm.
C)endoderm.

Question 56

Approximately how long after birth do alveoli continue to develop?

A)8 weeks
B)18 weeks
C)8 months
D)18 months
E)8 years

Question 57

Following an automobile accident,a broken rib penetrates into the pleural cavity causing a lung to collapse.What condition is this?

A)Pneumothorax
B)Atelectasis
C)Tension pneumothorax
D)Hemothorax
E)Cystic fibrosis

Question 58

Which center stimulates inspiration by increasing the activity of the dorsal respiratory group (DRG)?

A)Apneustic center
B)Pulmonary center
C)Pneumotaxic center
D)Respiratory center

Question 59

At rest,a normal person breathes about _____ times per minute.

A)8
B)16
C)26
D)32
E)50

Question 60

Where would you find the trachealis muscle?

A)Between the esophagus and the diaphragm
B)Between the trachea and the diaphragm
C)Superior to the larynx
D)Between the esophagus and the trachea
E)Between the larynx and the pharynx

Question 61

In this sagittal section showing the upper respiratory tract,what structure does number 2 indicate?

A)Superior meatus
B)Inferior meatus
C)Vestibule
D)Superior nasal concha
E)Inferior nasal concha

Question 62

In these views of the trachea,what type of tissue does number 4 indicate?

A)Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
B)Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
C)Mucous connective tissue
D)Ciliated simple columnar epithelium
E)Fibrocartilage

Question 63

During pulmonary ventilation,relaxation of the diaphragm and external intercostals _________ and air flows out of the lungs.

A)increases the volume of the thoracic cavity
B)increases the pressure in the thoracic cavity
C)expands the rib cage
D)flattens the floor of the thoracic cavity
E)stimulates the phrenic nerve

Question 64

Which sinus does the number 4 indicate?

A)Frontal sinus
B)Maxillary sinus
C)Ethmoidal sinus
D)Sphenoidal sinus
E)Sagittal sinus

Question 65

In these views of the trachea,what structure does number 2 indicate?

A)Trachealis muscle
B)Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
C)Tracheal cartilage
D)Anular ligament
E)Carina

Question 66

What is the primary site for conditioning inhaled air?

A)Paranasal sinuses
B)Nasal cavity
C)Pharynx
D)Larynx
E)Trachea

Question 67

In this sagittal section showing the upper respiratory tract,what structure does number 4 indicate?

A)Uvula
B)Soft palate
C)Hard palate
D)Nasal conchae
E)Epiglottis

Question 68

With respect to the control of ventilation,which brain region stimulates the internal intercostal muscles to contract,causing forced exhalation?

A)Dorsal respiratory group (DRG)
B)Ventral respiratory group (VRG)
C)Apneustic area
D)Pneumotaxic area
E)Pleurotaxic area

Question 69

In this sagittal section showing the upper respiratory tract,what structure does number 1 indicate?

A)Uvula
B)Soft palate
C)Hard palate
D)Nasal conchae
E)Epiglottis

Question 70

In these views of the larynx,what structure does number 4 indicate?

A)Tracheal cartilage
B)Thyroid cartilage
C)Arytenoid cartilage
D)Cricoid cartilage
E)Corniculate cartilage

Question 71

Which sinus does the number 1 indicate?

A)Frontal sinus
B)Anterior sinus
C)Ethmoidal sinus
D)Maxillary sinus
E)Sphenoidal sinus

Question 72

The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air and blood in the lungs is called

A)ventilation.
B)systemic respiration.
C)internal respiration.
D)external respiration.
E)cellular respiration.

Question 73

Which is not located in the medulla oblongata?

A)Ventral respiratory group
B)Dorsal respiratory group
C)Pneumotaxic group
D)None of the choices is located in the medulla oblongata.
E)Two of the choices are not located in the medulla oblongata.

Question 74

In these views of the larynx,what structure does number 2 indicate?

A)Cricothyroid muscle
B)Thyroid cartilage
C)Hyoid bone
D)Cricoid cartilage
E)Thyrohyoid muscle

Question 75

In a patient with pneumonia,fluid and _________ accumulate in the lung alveoli.

A)erythrocytes
B)septal cells
C)leukocytes
D)chyme
E)mast cells

Question 76

In these views of the larynx,what structure does number 3 indicate?

A)Tracheal cartilage
B)Thyroid cartilage
C)Epiglottis
D)Cricoid cartilage
E)Corniculate cartilage

Question 77

Following an automobile accident a piece of metal penetrates into the pleural cavity causing a large gaping hole with resulting lung collapse.What condition is this?

A)Pneumothorax
B)Bronchitis
C)Tension pneumothorax
D)Hemothorax
E)Cystic fibrosis

Question 78

In this sagittal section showing the upper respiratory tract,what number indicates the epiglottis?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
E)5

Question 79

Which sinus does the number 3 indicate?

A)Frontal sinus
B)Ethmoidal sinus
C)Maxillary sinus
D)Sphenoidal sinus
E)Dural venous sinus

Question 80

In these views of the trachea,what structure does number 1 indicate?

A)Trachealis muscle
B)Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
C)Goblet cell
D)Anular ligament
E)Carina