Deck 19: The Main-Group Elements

Question 1

Atomic radius of main-group elements generally ________.

A)increases from left to right across a period and increases down a group
B)increases from left to right across a period and decreases down a group
C)decreases from left to right across a period and increases down a group
D)decreases from left to right across a period and decreases down a group

Answer 1

decreases from left to right across a period and increases down a group

Question 2

Ionization energy of main-group elements generally ________.

A)increases from left to right across a period and increases down a group
B)increases from left to right across a period and decreases down a group
C)decreases from left to right across a period and increases down a group
D)decreases from left to right across a period and decreases down a group

Answer 2

increases from left to right across a period and decreases down a group

Question 3

Which one of the following is not a main group element?

A)Na
B)Ba
C)Fe
D)Ga

Answer 3

Fe

Question 4

What is the most metallic element of group 4A?

A)Si
B)Ge
C)Sn
D)Pb

Question 5

What are the three most abundant elements in the Earth's crust?

A)H,O,C
B)O,Al,Si
C)O,Si,Fe
D)Al,Si,Fe

Question 6

Which one of the following compounds exhibits the strongest hydrogen bonding between its molecules?

A)HF
B)HCl
C)HBr
D)HI

Question 7

Which one of the following elements can form more than four bonds with other elements?

A)N
B)O
C)F
D)S

Question 8

Which one of the following compounds that contains a Group 5A element is least likely to exist?

A)NCl₃
B)NCl₅
C)PCl₃
D)PCl₅

Question 9

Electronegativity of main-group elements generally ________.

A)increases from left to right across a period and increases down a group
B)increases from left to right across a period and decreases down a group
C)decreases from left to right across a period and increases down a group
D)decreases from left to right across a period and decreases down a group

Question 10

What is the top chemical compound produced in the United States?

A)N₂
B)NH₃
C)CaO
D)H₂SO₄

Question 11

As one traverses the periodic table from left to right,the effective nuclear charge Z_eff increases.As a result of this the periodic properties of ________.

A)atomic size increases,IE increases,EA increases and electronegativity increases
B)atomic size decreases,IE increases,EA increases and electronegativity increases
C)atomic size decreases,IE decreases,EA increases and electronegativity increases
D)atomic size decreases,IE increases,EA decreases and electronegativity increases

Question 12

Among the main-group elements the number of semimetals is ________.

A)five
B)six
C)seven
D)eight

Question 13

Which one of the following elements forms the most acidic binary oxide?

A)Na
B)C
C)N
D)P

Question 14

Metallic character for the main group elements generally ________.

A)increases from left to right across a period and increases down a group
B)increases from left to right across a period and decreases down a group
C)decreases from left to right across a period and increases down a group
D)decreases from left to right across a period and decreases down a group

Question 15

What are the three most abundant elements in the human body?

A)H,C,O
B)H,O,N
C)H,C,N
D)H,C,P

Question 16

Which of the following elements forms the most ionic binary hydride?

A)Na
B)Be
C)O
D)F

Question 17

What are the basic oxides of the following set Na₂O,MgO,P₄O₁₀,SO₃,and Cl₂O₇?

A)Na₂O and MgO
B)Na₂O,MgO,and P₄O₁₀
C)P₄O₁₀,SO₃,and Cl₂O₇
D)SO₃ and Cl₂O₇

Question 18

Second row elements differ from heavier elements in all of the following ways except:

A)Atoms of second row elements are smaller.
B)Atoms of second row elements have higher electronegativities.
C)Heavier elements commonly form multiple bonds while second row elements cannot.
D)Heavier elements have electrons in d orbitals while second row elements do not.

Question 19

What is not a true statement?

A)BeO is amphoteric but the oxides of the other group 2A elements are basic.
B)B differs from other elements of group 3A by forming mainly covalent molecular compounds.
C)BF₃ is a gaseous molecular halide but AlF₃ is a high melting ionic solid.
D)Compounds with C=C double bonds and Si=Si double bonds are quite common.

Question 20

Which of the following elements exhibits the most metallic character?

A)Ga
B)Ge
C)As
D)Se

Question 21

What is the hybridization of boron in diborane B₂H₆?

A)sp
B)sp²
C)sp³
D)None of these

Question 22

The strongest reducing agent in the group 3A is

A)B)
B)Al.
C)Ga.
D)Tl.

Question 23

Which one of the following compounds contains a three-center,two electron (3c-2e)bond?

A)B₂H₆
B)C₂H₄
C)N₂H₄
D)H₂O₂

Question 24

Which elements of group 3A are commonly used in semiconductors?

A)B and Al
B)Al and Ga
C)Ga and In
D)In and Tl

Question 25

What is the geometric structure of BF₃ and the hybridization of the B atom?

A)trigonal planar and sp² hybridization
B)trigonal planar and sp³ hybridization
C)pyramidal and sp² hybridization
D)tetrahedral and sp³ hybridization

Question 26

Of the following elements,which has a melting point slightly above room temperature?

A)B
B)Ga
C)In
D)Tl

Question 27

Which group 3A element has the largest liquid range of any known element?

A)Al
B)Ga
C)In
D)Tl

Question 28

The first ionization energy of gallium is greater than that of aluminum and the first ionization energy of thallium is greater than that of indium.A possible explanation for this is:

A)This is the normal trend in ionization energy.
B)Both Ga and Tl prefer to lose three electrons rather than one.
C)Both Ga and Tl follow transition elements which are excellent shielders of nuclear charge.
D)Ga follows a series of transition elements and Tl follows both a series of transition elements and inner transition elements which are poor shielders of nuclear charge.

Question 29

Which one of the following elements forms the strongest π-bonds?

A)C
B)Si
C)Ge
D)Sn

Question 30

Which M³⁺ ion of group 3A elements is the easiest to reduce?

A)B
B)Al
C)Ga
D)In

Question 31

What is the geometric structure of P₄ molecules?

A)linear
B)rectangular
C)square planar
D)tetrahedral

Question 32

Compared to the terminal B-H bonds the bridging H-B bonds in B₂H₆ are

A)longer and stronger.
B)longer and weaker.
C)shorter and stronger.
D)shorter and weaker.

Question 33

Which compound exhibits pi bonding?

A)F₂
B)N₂
C)P₄
D)S₈

Question 34

One of the group 3A elements is extremely toxic due to the similarities in chemistry of one of its ions to alkali metal chemistry.Which element is it?

A)B
B)Ga
C)In
D)Tl

Question 35

What is not an appropriate method for the isolation of elemental boron?

A)refluxing borax with sodium peroxide
B)high temperature reduction of B₂O₃ with magnesium
C)high temperature reduction of BBr₃ with hydrogen over a Ta wire
D)electrolytic reduction of aqueous B(OH)₃

Question 36

Which of the group 3A elements is the only one to readily form a +1 ion?

A)B
B)Al
C)In
D)Tl

Question 37

Which compound contains hydrogen atoms that form two types of bonds?

A)B₂H₆
B)C₂H₂
C)C₆H₆
D)N₂H₄

Question 38

Which group 3A element exhibits the most nonmetallic character?

A)B
B)Ga
C)In
D)Tl

Question 39

Which group 3A element has the highest electronegativity?

A)B
B)Al
C)Ga
D)In

Question 40

What are the common oxidation states of the Group 3A elements Al and Tl?

A)both are +3
B)+3 for Al and +1 for Tl
C)+3 for Al and both +1 and +3 for Tl
D)+3 for Al and +1,+3,and -5 for Tl

Question 41

Which statement is not consistent with the chemistry of group 4A elements?

A)Elements have the outer valence electron configuration of ns^2np2.
B)The most common oxidation state for the elements of the group is +4.
C)The +4 oxidation state compounds are ionic and the +2 oxidation state compounds are covalent.
D)The +2 oxidation state for lead is the most stable.

Question 42

White tin is the high temperature form of the metal.Given that the density of gray tin is 5.769 g/cm³ and that of white tin is 7.28 g/cm³ raising the pressure will favor the

A)more dense allotrope and lower the transition temperature of 13.2°C.
B)more dense allotrope and raise the transition temperature of 13.2°C.
C)less dense allotrope and lower the transition temperature of 13.2°C.
D)less dense allotrope and raise the transition temperature of 13.2°C.

Question 43

Carbon is the ________ most abundant element by mass in living organisms.

A)first
B)second
C)third
D)fourth

Question 44

What element was one of the "holes" in Mendeleev's periodic table?

A)Si
B)Ge
C)Sn
D)Pb

Question 45

Which of the following chlorides is the most ionic?

A)CH₂Cl₂
B)CCl₄
C)PbCl₂
D)PbCl₄

Question 46

Some commercial drain cleaners contain aluminum chips and sodium hydroxide pellets.When water is added to this mixture a vigorous reaction takes place which is best represented as:

A)2 Al(s)+ 6 H⁺(aq)→ 2 Al³⁺(aq)+ 3 H₂(g).
B)2 Al(s)+ 2 OH^-(aq)+ 6 H₂O(l)→ 2 Al(OH)₄^-(aq)+ 3 H₂(g).
C)2 Al(s)+ 6 H₂O(l)→ 2 Al(OH)₃ + 3 H₂(g).
D)2 Al(s)+ 3 Cu²⁺(aq)→ 2 Al³⁺(aq)+ 2 Cu(s).

Question 47

Which element of group 4A has the greatest density?

A)C
B)Ge
C)Sn
D)Pb

Question 48

Which element of group 4A has the highest melting point?

A)C
B)Si
C)Sn
D)Pb

Question 49

Which element of group 4A has the greatest electronegativity?

A)C
B)Si
C)Ge
D)Sn

Question 50

What is the ground state valence shell electron configuration of a group 4A element?

A)ns⁰ np⁴
B)ns¹ np³
C)ns² np²
D)ns² np⁴

Question 51

Which allotrope of carbon has the atoms arranged in a spherical array?

A)coke
B)diamond
C)fullerene
D)graphite

Question 52

What statement is inconsistent about graphite?

A)Carbon sheets are separated by a distance of 335 pm and are held together by weak London dispersion forces.
B)Electrical conductivity parallel to the planar sheets is 10²⁰ times greater than the conductivity of diamond.
C)Pi electrons are delocalized and free to move perpendicular to the plane of the hexagonal sheets.
D)A two-dimensional sheetlike structure in which each C atom uses sp² hybrid orbitals.

Question 53

What statement is not consistent with the chemistry of lead?

A)It has the highest density of the group 4A elements.
B)It is commonly used as a fuel additive in gasoline to boost the octane rating.
C)It is obtained from its ore galena (PbS)by roasting in air and then by reduction with carbon monoxide.
D)It is used in making pipes,cables,paint pigments and electrodes for storage batteries.

Question 54

Which element of group 4A is the most abundant in the earth's crust?

A)C
B)Si
C)Sn
D)Pb

Question 55

What statement is not consistent with the chemistry of tin?

A)It is abstracted from the mineral cassiterite by reduction of the oxide with carbon.
B)It is an important component of alloys such as bronze,pewter,and some solders.
C)It is a relatively abundant ore within the earth's crust.
D)It is used as a protective coating over steel in making tin cans.

Question 56

What is the molecular structure of germanium that is used in semiconductors?

A)body centered
B)diamond-like
C)graphite-like
D)simple cubic

Question 57

What is the structure of the "gray" allotropic form of tin that is used as a semiconductor?

A)body centered
B)diamond-like
C)graphite-like
D)simple cubic

Question 58

Which is not a facile reaction of aluminum?

A)2 Al(s)+ 3 Br₂(g)→ 2 AlBr₃(s)
B)4 Al(s)+ 3 O₂(g)→ 2 Al₂O₃(s)
C)2 Al(s)+ N₂(g)→ 2 AlN(s)
D)2 Al(s)+ 6 H₂O(l)→ 2 Al(OH)₃ + 3 H₂(g)

Question 59

Electrical conductivity in graphite is maximized ________.

A)parallel to the pi framework and parallel to the planar C atom framework.
B)perpendicular to the pi framework and parallel to the planar C atom framework.
C)parallel to the pi framework and perpendicular to the planar C atom framework.
D)perpendicular to the pi framework and perpendicular to the planar C atom framework.

Question 60

What statement is inconsistent about diamond?

A)A covalent network structure in which each C atom uses sp³ hybrid orbitals.
B)A tetrahedral array of σ bonds with bond lengths of 154 pm.
C)The hardest known substance with the highest melting point for an element.
D)When an electrical potential is applied diamond becomes a valuable semiconductor.

Question 61

What is not a reaction commonly associated with cyanide ion?

A)H⁺(aq)+ CN^-(aq)→ HCN(aq)
B)Ag⁺(aq)+ CN^-(aq)→ AgCN(s)
C)4 Au(s)+ 8 CN^-(aq)+ O₂(g)+ 2 H₂O(l)→ 4 Au(CN)₂^-(aq)+ 4 OH^-(aq)
D)CN^-(aq)+ H₂(g)→ HCN(aq)+ H^-(aq)

Question 62

What is the charge,n,in the ion Si₄O₁₀ⁿ that is found in talc?

A)2 -
B)4 -
C)8 -
D)10 -

Question 63

Which compound has carbon with a negative oxidation number?

A)CO₂
B)CaC₂
C)HCN
D)Na₂CO₃

Question 64

Which carbon containing compound is an inorganic compound?

A)C₇H₇NO₂
B)CO₂
C)CH₃CO₂H
D)C₆H₅CN

Question 65

Which element of group 5A has the highest melting point?

A)nitrogen
B)white phosphorus
C)antimony
D)bismuth

Question 66

What is not a reaction commonly associated with carbon dioxide?

A)Oxyhemoglobin + CO₂ ⇌ Carboxyhemoglobin + O₂
B)C₆H₁₂O₆(aq)+ 6 O₂(g)⇌ 6 CO₂(g)+ 6 H₂O(l)
C)CaCO₃(s)+ heat → CaO(s)+ CO₂(g)
D)CO₂(g)+ H₂O(l)⇌ H⁺(aq)+ HCO₃^-(aq)

Question 67

What is the basic building block of all silicates?

A)Si₂O₆^4-
B)Si
C)SiO₂
D)SiO₄^4-

Question 68

Which of the following species has its N atom or atoms in the -1 oxidation state?

A)N₂H₄
B)NH₂OH
C)N₂O
D)HONO

Question 69

Which one of the following is a pseudohalide?

A)CO₃^2-
B)OH^-
C)CN^-
D)SO₄^2-

Question 70

What statement is inconsistent about carbon monoxide?

A)It is a colorless,odorless and toxic gas.
B)It is formed by burning carbon or hydrocarbon in excess oxygen.
C)One of its main industrial uses is in the synthesis of methanol,CH₃OH.
D)Toxicity of CO results from its ability to bond strongly to iron(II)atom in hemoglobin.

Question 71

Which one of the following is the best electrical conductor?

A)C (diamond)
B)C (graphite)
C)P₄
D)S₈

Question 72

Approximately 90% of the Earth's crust is composed of what type of compounds?

A)carbonates
B)oxides
C)silicates
D)sulfides

Question 73

What is the range of oxidation states that are exhibited by P?

A)from -3 to 0
B)from -3 to +3
C)from -3 to +5
D)from 0 to +5

Question 74

SiO₂ can be classified as a(n)

A)amorphous solid.
B)covalent network solid.
C)ionic solid.
D)molecular solid.

Question 75

Mica cleaves into thin sheets because at the molecular level its structure is ________.

A)one dimensional
B)two dimensional
C)three dimensional
D)None of these

Question 76

Which one of the following carbides is most likely to be nonstoichiometric?

A)CaC₂
B)Fe₃C
C)SiC
D)None of these

Question 77

What is the oxidation number of carbon in CaC₂?

A)+ 4
B)+ 1
C)- 1
D)- 2

Question 78

What statement is inconsistent about fullerene?

A)It is an allotrope of carbon and the C₆₀ form has soccer ball shape.
B)The C₆₀ form of fullerene is a good oxidizing agent.
C)The C₆₀ fullerene is a molecular substance.
D)The C₆₀ form of fullerene is soluble in nonpolar organic solvents.

Question 79

Which statement is most inconsistent with the chemistry of silicon?

A)In nature,it is generally found combined with oxygen in SiO₂ and in various silicate minerals.
B)It crystallizes in a diamond-like structure and does not form the graphite-like allotrope.
C)It is a hard,gray,semiconducting solid that melts at 1410°C.
D)It is obtained by oxidation of silica sand with coke.

Question 80

Which one of the following has a two-dimensional layer structure?

A)silica,SiO₂
B)zircon,ZrSiO₄
C)talc,Mg₃(OH)₂(Si₄O₁₀)
D)tremolite asbestos,Ca₂Mg₅(Si₄O₁₁)(OH)₂