Deck 8: Electron Configurations and Periodicity

Question 1

What is the maximum number of electrons that can be accommodated in the n = 1 shell?

A)2
B)6
C)4
D)8
E)10

Answer 1

2

Question 2

Which of the following statements is true concerning the electron configuration [Ne]3p²?

A)This configuration cannot be the ground-state electron configuration for a Mg atom because it violates the Pauli exclusion principle.
B)This configuration cannot be the ground-state electron configuration for a Mg atom because it violates Hund's rule.
C)This configuration is the ground-state electron configuration for a Mg atom.
D)This configuration cannot be the ground-state electron configuration for a Mg atom because it violates the Heisenberg uncertainty principle.
E)This configuration cannot be the ground-state electron configuration for a Mg atom because it violates the Aufbau principle.

Answer 2

This configuration cannot be the ground-state electron configuration for a Mg atom because it violates the Aufbau principle.

Question 3

Which of the following electron configurations corresponds to the ground state of an atom of a transition element?

A)1s²2s²2p⁵
B)1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶3d¹⁰4s²4p²
C)1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶3d⁷4s²
D)1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s²
E)1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p¹

Answer 3

1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶3d⁷4s²

Question 4

What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy one p orbital?

A)14
B)2
C)10
D)1
E)6

Question 5

Which of the following statements is incorrect?

A)Stern and Gerlach discovered electron spin by passing silver atoms through a magnetic field.
B)Hund's rule states that electrons are placed in the orbitals of a subshell in such a way as to give a maximum number of unpaired electrons.
C)The Pauli exclusion principle states that each electron in an atom must have its own unique set of quantum numbers.
D)Valence electrons consist of those electrons not contained within a noble-gas core or a pseudo-noble-gas core.
E)The building-up principle states that electrons are added to atoms in order of increasing principal quantum number.

Question 6

The maximum number of electrons that can be accommodated in an s subshell is

A)6.
B)14.
C)10.
D)1.
E)2.

Question 7

According to the building-up principle or aufbau principle,which subshell is typically filled next after the 5f subshell?

A)6d
B)4p
C)7s
D)3d
E)5s

Question 8

The Pauli exclusion principle states that

A)the wavelength of a photon of light times its frequency is equal to the speed of light.
B)no two electrons in the same atom can have the same set of four quantum numbers.
C)both the position of an electron and its momentum cannot be known simultaneously very accurately.
D)the wavelength and mass of a subatomic particle are related by .
E)an electron can have either particle character or wave character.

Question 9

Which of the following orbital occupancy designations is incorrect?

A)3d⁴
B)4d¹
C)2p⁴
D)1s¹
E)1s³

Question 10

Which element is found in the s-block of the periodic table?

A)Ra
B)Ar
C)Db
D)Np
E)none of the above

Question 11

The ground-state valence-shell configuration of a particular atom is 4f¹⁴5d⁵6s² .The element to which this atom belongs is a

A)noble gas.
B)s-block main-group element.
C)p-block main-group element.
D)transition element.
E)inner transition element.

Question 12

Which of the following electron configurations is impossible,according to the Pauli exclusion principle?

A)1s²2s²2p⁵
B)1s²2s²2p³
C)1s²2s⁵
D)​1s22s22p⁶3s¹
E)1s²2s²2p²

Question 13

The ground-state valence-shell configuration of a particular atom is 4d¹⁰5s²5p¹.The element to which this atom belongs is a

A)noble gas.
B)inner transition element.
C)p-block main-group element.
D)transition element.
E)s-block main-group element.

Question 14

Two elements that have the same ground-state valence shell configuration of ns²np² are

A)K and Mg.
B)O and Se.
C)Al and Ga.
D)Ge and Pb.
E)Mg and Ca.

Question 15

What is the maximum number of electrons in an atom that have the set of quantum numbers n= 2 and l= 1?

A)10
B)2
C)14
D)18
E)6

Question 16

Which principle or rule is violated by the following orbital diagram of an atom in its ground state?
1s 2s 2p

A)Pauli exclusion principle
B)Hund's rule
C)Heisenberg uncertainty principle
D)No rules or principles are violated by this orbital diagram.
E)Building-up principle

Question 17

Which of the following orbital diagrams violates the Pauli exclusion principle?
1s 2s 2p

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 18

Which of the following electron configurations represents an excited state of the indicated atom?

A)Ne: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶
B)N: 1s² 2s² 2p³
C)P: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p² 4s¹
D)Na: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p² 3s¹
E)He: 1s²

Question 19

Which principle or rule is violated by the following orbital diagram of an atom in its ground state?
1s 2s 2p

A)Pauli exclusion principle
B)Aufbau principle
C)No rules or principles are violated by this orbital diagram.
D)Heisenberg uncertainty principle
E)Hund's rule

Question 20

Which of the following have one or more filled d subshells in their ground state electron configuration?

A)Br
B)H
C)Ti
D)Cr
E)P

Question 21

What is the total number of electrons in p orbitals in a ground-state iron atom?

A)6
B)18
C)12
D)24
E)30

Question 22

What is the ground-state electron configuration of tantalum (Ta)?

A)1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s²4p⁶4d¹⁰4f¹⁴5s²5p³
B)1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶3d¹⁰4s²4p⁶4d¹⁰5s²5p³
C)1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶3d¹⁰4s²4p⁶4d¹⁰4f¹⁴5s²5p⁶5d³6s²
D)1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶3d¹⁰4s²4p⁶4d¹⁰5s²5p⁶5d³
E)1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶3d¹⁰4s²4p⁶4d¹⁰4f³

Question 23

What is the valence-shell electron configuration for the fourth-period element in Group VA?

A)4s²5p⁵
B)5s²5p⁵
C)4s²4p³
D)5s²4p⁵
E)4s²3d³

Question 24

An element that has the same ground state valence-shell electron configuration as sodium is

A)lithium.
B)barium.
C)boron.
D)lead.
E)xenon.

Question 25

What is the ground-state electron configuration of sulfur (S)?

A)[Ne]3s³3p³
B)[Ar]3s²3p⁴
C)[Ar]3p⁶
D)[Ne]3s²3p⁴
E)[Ne]3p⁶

Question 26

How many valence electrons does an arsenic atom have?

A)5
B)6
C)7
D)2
E)33

Question 27

The quantum numbers of an atom's highest-energy valence electrons are n = 5 and l = 1.The element to which this atom belongs could be a

A)inner transition metal.
B)alkali metal.
C)s-block main-group element.
D)transition metal.
E)p-block main-group element.

Question 28

The ground-state valence-shell configuration of a particular atom is 4s²4p³.This valence-shell electron configuration identifies the atom as

A)a p-block main-group element.
B)a noble gas.
C)a transition element.
D)an inner transition element.
E)an s-block main-group element.

Question 29

Which of the following statements is incorrect?

A)A p-block main-group element belonging to period n has a completely filled (n - 1)d subshell.
B)All noble gases have completely filled shells.
C)All s-block main-group elements have only one or two valence electrons.
D)Carbon and silicon have the same number of valence electrons.
E)All elements in the n = 4 period have a partially or completely filled n = 4 shell.

Question 30

All of the following ground-state electron configurations are correct except

A)Fe:[Ar]4s²4d⁶.
B)Ca:[Ar]4s².
C)In:[Kr]4d¹⁰5s25p¹.
D)Cu:[Ar]3d¹⁰4s¹.
E)Xe:[Kr]4d¹⁰5s25p⁶.

Question 31

Which of the following statements is true concerning the electron configuration [Ne]3s¹3p¹?

A)It may represent a ground-state electron configuration of a Al⁺ cation.
B)It may represent an excited-state electron configuration of a Mg atom.
C)It may represent an excited-state electron configuration of a Ne^- anion.
D)It may represent a ground-state electron configuration of a Mg⁺ cation.
E)It may represent a ground-state electron configuration of a Na⁺ cation.

Question 32

The angular momentum quantum number of the two highest-energy valence electrons in an atom of lead is

A)4.
B)0.
C)1.
D)2.
E)3.

Question 33

The elements that are filling the 5f subshell are called

A)alkali metals.
B)transition elements.
C)lanthanides.
D)actinides.
E)main-group elements.

Question 34

What noble gas core would be used when writing the ground state electron configuration for magnesium (Mg)?

A)[Ne]
B)[Xe]
C)[Rn]
D)[He]
E)[Ar]

Question 35

Which of the following sets of four quantum numbers (n,l,ml_, m_s)correctly describes one of the valence electrons in a ground-state radium atom?

A)7 1 0
B)6 1 0
C)7 2 0
D)7 2 0
E)7 0 0 +

Question 36

If the electron could have a third spin state (that is, ,-
,and 0),what would be the ground-state electron configuration of carbon?

A)1s²2s⁴
B)1s²2s³2p¹
C)1s³2s³
D)1s²2s²2p²
E)1s³2s²2p¹

Question 37

What is the ground-state electron configuration of terbium (Tb)?

A)1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶3d¹⁰4s²4p⁶4d¹⁰5s²5p⁶5d⁹6s²
B)1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶3d¹⁰4s²4p⁶4d¹⁰4f¹⁴5s²5p³
C)1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶3d¹⁰4s²4p⁶4d¹⁰5s²5p⁶5d¹⁰6s¹
D)1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶3d¹⁰4s²4p⁶4d⁹4f¹⁰5s²5p⁶6s²
E)1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶3d¹⁰4s²4p⁶4d¹⁰4f⁹5s²5p⁶6s²

Question 38

Which of the following may represent an excited-state electron configuration for a cobalt atom?

A)[Ar]3d⁵4s¹
B)[Ar]3d⁶4s²
C)[Ar]3d⁸4s¹
D)[Ar]3d⁶4s¹
E)[Ar]3d⁷4s²

Question 39

Which ground-state electron configuration is incorrect?

A)Br:[Ar]3d¹⁰4s²4p⁵
B)K:[Ar]4s¹
C)Fe:[Ar]3d⁵
D)Na:1s²2s²2p⁶3s¹
E)Zn:[Ar]3d¹⁰4s²

Question 40

Which of the following sets of four quantum numbers (n,l,ml_, m_s)correctly describes an electron occupying a d orbital of an element in the third row of the transition metals?

A)4 2 -1 -
B)5 2 2 +
C)5 3 -1
D)4 1 0 -
E)5 0 0 +

Question 41

Which of the following statements concerning the periodic table is incorrect?

A)The elements in a given group or family have similar chemical properties.
B)The chemical characteristics of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers.
C)All the elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic weight.
D)Mendeleev left spaces in his periodic table for undiscovered elements.
E)Mendeleev received most of the credit for the early development of the periodic table.

Question 42

The statement that "the lowest-energy configuration for an atom is the one having the maximum number of unpaired electrons allowed by the Pauli principle in a particular set of degenerate orbitals" is known as

A)the aufbau principle.
B)Hund's rule.
C)the Pauli exclusion principle.
D)Heisenberg uncertainty principle.
E)the quantum model.

Question 43

Who was the first chemist to recognize patterns in chemical properties of the elements?

A)Bohr
B)Dobereiner
C)Meyer
D)Mendeleev
E)Newlands

Question 44

In general,atomic radii

A)decrease from left to right in a period and increase down a group.
B)increase from left to right in a period and decrease down a group.
C)do not change across a period or a group.
D)decrease from left to right and decrease down a group.
E)increase from left to right in a period and increase down a group.

Question 45

How many unpaired electrons are found in the ground state electron configuration of silicon (Si)?

A)2
B)3
C)5
D)0
E)1

Question 46

The element whose atoms in the ground state have two half-filled orbitals is

A)K.
B)Be.
C)Tl.
D)O.
E)As.

Question 47

Which of the following atoms is paramagnetic in its ground state?

A)sodium (Na)
B)nobelium (No)
C)neon (Ne)
D)mercury (Hg)
E)barium (ba)

Question 48

Which of the following species would be expected to have chemical properties most similar to those of the nitrogen atom?

A)nitride ion
B)nitrite ion
C)phosphate ion
D)phosphide ion
E)phosphorus atom

Question 49

Which of the following orbital diagrams represents a diamagnetic atom?
1s 2s 2p

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 50

Which of the following statements is true?

A)The krypton 1s orbital is smaller than the helium 1s orbital because krypton's nuclear charge draws the electrons closer.
B)The krypton 1s orbital is smaller than the helium 1s orbital because krypton's p and d orbitals crowd the s orbitals.
C)The krypton 1s orbital and the helium 1s orbital are the same size because both s orbitals can have only two electrons.
D)The krypton 1s orbital is larger than the helium 1s orbital because krypton contains more electrons.
E)The krypton 1s orbital is larger than the helium 1s orbital because krypton's ionization energy is lower so it's easier to remove electrons.

Question 51

An atom of which of the following elements has the smallest atomic radius?

A)P
B)Cl
C)S
D)Na
E)Si

Question 52

Which principle or rule is violated by the following orbital diagram of an atom in its ground state?
1s 2s 2p

A)Heisenberg uncertainty principle
B)No rules or principles are violated by this orbital diagram.
C)aufbau principle
D)Hund's rule
E)Pauli exclusion principle

Question 53

An atom of which of the following elements is not diamagnetic in the ground state?

A)Sr
B)Kr
C)All are diamagnetic.
D)Cd
E)Pt

Question 54

The ground-state electron configuration of a Mn²⁺ ion is 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶3d⁵.Therefore,Mn²⁺ is

A)paramagnetic with five unpaired electrons.
B)diamagnetic.
C)paramagnetic with one unpaired electron.
D)paramagnetic with three unpaired electrons.
E)paramagnetic with two unpaired electrons.

Question 55

When arranged in order of increasing atomic number,the elements exhibit periodicity for all the following properties except

A)electron affinity.
B)color.
C)ionization energy.
D)electron configuration.
E)atomic radius.

Question 56

Which of the following elements would be expected to have chemical and physical properties most similar to those of the krypton (Kr)?

A)neon (Ne)
B)gallium (Ga)
C)sodium (Na)
D)tin (Sn)
E)chlorine (Cl)

Question 57

Which of the following orbital diagrams represent(s)a paramagnetic atom?
1s 2s 3s
1)
2)
3)

A)3 only
B)2 and 3
C)1 only
D)1 and 2
E)2 only

Question 58

A section of the periodic table with all identification features removed is shown below.
V
W
X
Y
Z
Which element has the smallest atomic radius?

A)W
B)Y
C)X
D)Z
E)V

Question 59

Which of the following orbital diagrams represents a paramagnetic atom?
1s 2s 2p

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 60

Fe has ____ that is(are)unpaired in its d orbitals.

A)2 electrons
B)3 electrons
C)1 electron
D)4 electrons
E)none of these

Question 61

An atom of which of the following elements has the largest atomic radius?

A)Ca
B)Sr
C)Mg
D)Ba
E)Be

Question 62

The change in energy for which of the following processes corresponds to the second ionization energy of magnesium?

A)Mg(g)→ Mg²⁺(g)+ 2e^-
B)​Mg(g)→ Mg⁺(g)+ e^-
C)Mg⁺(g)→ Mg²⁺(g)+ e^-
D)Mg^-(g)→ Mg(g)+ e^-
E)Mg(g)+ e^- → Mg^-(g)

Question 63

An atom of which of the following elements has the smallest atomic radius?

A)Tl
B)B
C)In
D)Ga
E)Al

Question 64

Below are data on the first four ionization energies for a fictitious element X.
First ionization energy = 500 kJ/mol
Second ionization energy = 2000 kJ/mol
Third ionization energy = 3500 kJ/mol
Fourth ionization energy = 25000 kJ/mol
From the data,which of the following statements is incorrect?

A)The third ionization energy is greater than the second ionization energy because X²⁺ has a bigger charge than X⁺.
B)X could belong to Group IIIA.
C)X could belong to Group IIIB.
D)X could belong to group VA.
E)The fourth ionization energy is much greater than the third ionization energy because X³⁺ consists of a noble-gas core or a pseudo-noble-gas core.

Question 65

Rank the following atoms in order of the largest to smallest atomic radius: B,B,B,C.

A)C > B > B > B
B)B > C > B > B
C)B > B > C > B
D)B > B > B > C

Question 66

An atom of which of the following elements has the smallest ionization energy?

A)Cl
B)P
C)Si
D)Na
E)S

Question 67

An atom of which of the following elements has the largest ionization energy?

A)Po
B)Pb
C)Bi
D)At
E)Cs

Question 68

An atom of which of the following elements has the smallest first ionization energy?

A)Rb
B)Si
C)F
D)P
E)Ca

Question 69

An atom of which of the following elements has the highest fourth ionization energy?

A)Al
B)Se
C)Si
D)Ga
E)As

Question 70

An atom of which of the following elements has the largest atomic radius?

A)Ge
B)Rb
C)F
D)Ca
E)P

Question 71

The change in energy for which of the following processes represents the first ionization energy of iodine?

A)I(g)→ I²⁺(g)+ 2e^-
B)I(g)+ e ^- → I^-(g)
C)2I^-(g)→ I₂(s)+ 2e^-
D)I(g)→ I⁺(g)+ e^-
E)I^-(g)→ I⁺(g)+ 2e^-

Question 72

The statement that the first ionization energy for an oxygen atom is lower than the first ionization energy for a nitrogen atom is

A)inconsistent with the general trend relating changes in ionization energy across a period from left to right and due to the fact that oxygen has one doubly occupied 2p orbital and nitrogen does not.
B)consistent with the general trend relating changes in ionization energy across a period from left to right because it is harder to take an electron from an oxygen atom than from a nitrogen atom.
C)consistent with the general trend relating changes in ionization energy across a period from left to right because it is easier to take an electron from an oxygen atom than from a nitrogen atom.
D)incorrect.
E)inconsistent with the general trend relating changes in ionization energy across a period from left to right and due to the fact that the oxygen atom has two doubly occupied 2p orbitals and nitrogen has only one.

Question 73

An atom of which of the following elements has the largest first ionization energy?

A)B
B)In
C)Ga
D)Al
E)Tl

Question 74

An atom of which of the following elements has the smallest first ionization energy?

A)Te
B)Po
C)Se
D)O
E)S

Question 75

The change in energy for which of the following processes corresponds to the first ionization energy of beryllium?

A)Be(g)→ Be⁺(g)+ e^-
B)Be(s)→ Be⁺(s)+ e^-
C)Be(s)→ Be⁺(g)+ e^-
D)Be(g)→ Be²⁺(g)+ 2e^-
E)Be(s)+ e^- → Be^-(s)

Question 76

Which of the following properties,in general,increases from left to right across a period in the periodic table?

A)ionic charge
B)atomic radius
C)density
D)ionization energy
E)metallic character

Question 77

An atom of which of the following elements has the smallest atomic radius?

A)Cl
B)Rb
C)Mg
D)Si
E)As

Question 78

In which of the series of elements listed below would the elements have most nearly the same atomic radius?

A)Na,K,Rb,Cs
B)F,Cl,Br,I
C)Na,Mg,Al,Si
D)Sc,Ti,V,Cr
E)B,Si,As,Te

Question 79

An atom of which of the following elements has the largest first ionization energy?

A)Ca
B)K
C)Ge
D)F
E)P

Question 80

An atom of which of the following elements has the largest atomic radius?

A)F
B)N
C)Li
D)O
E)C