Question 1

________ Nuclear aggregation&#10;A)Separate placentas and membranes&#10;B)Fibrinoid material&#10;C)Amniochorionic membrane&#10;D)Monochorionic placenta&#10;E)Syncytial knot

Accepted Answer

At some sites,the syncytiotrophoblast of the placental membrane in mature placentas shows protuberances or sprouts of cytoplasm that contain aggregations of syncytiotrophoblastic nuclei-syncytial knots.Some knots break off and float in the intervillous space.They may pass into the maternal circulation through the uterine veins and lodge in the capillaries of the lungs.This occurrence is not usually considered to be of clinical significance because these nuclear masses are believed to degenerate and disappear.

Question 2

________ Decidua parietalis&#10;A)A&#10;B)B&#10;C)C&#10;D)D&#10;E)E

Accepted Answer

The decidua parietalis refers to the endometrium lining parts of the uterus not directly involved with the conceptus (i.e. ,endometrium not designated as decidua capsularis or decidua basalis).

Question 3

________ Forms on the surfaces of chorionic villi&#10;A)Separate placentas and membranes&#10;B)Fibrinoid material&#10;C)Amniochorionic membrane&#10;D)Monochorionic placenta&#10;E)Syncytial knot

Accepted Answer

Fibrinoid is an eosinophilic,homogeneous substance that forms on the surfaces of chorionic villi and reduces the area of tissues through which exchange of materials between the maternal and fetal circulations may take place.It consists of fibrin and other unidentified substances.

Question 4

________ Extends into cervical canal during labor&#10;A)Separate placentas and membranes&#10;B)Fibrinoid material&#10;C)Amniochorionic membrane&#10;D)Monochorionic placenta&#10;E)Syncytial knot

Accepted Answer

The chorion,with which the amnion is fused,extends into the cervical canal during the first stage of labor and helps to dilate the cervix.When the fused layers of amnion and chorion (amniochorionic membrane)rupture,the amniotic fluid escapes through the cervix and vagina.

Question 5

________ Placental membrane&#10;A)A&#10;B)B&#10;C)C&#10;D)D&#10;E)E

Accepted Answer

The placental membrane may be defined as the fetal tissues that are interposed between the fetal and placental circulations.The structure and thickness of the membrane vary at different stages of pregnancy.The placental membrane becomes extremely thin as pregnancy advances,and its permeability increases.The thickness of the membrane is also affected by the extent of distention of the capillaries in the villus.

Question 6

________ Fibrinoid material&#10;A)A&#10;B)B&#10;C)C&#10;D)D&#10;E)E

Accepted Answer

Fibrinoid material develops as a homogeneous layer at various places on the maternal aspect of the villi.Because it is at the fetomaternal junction of tissues,fibrinoid is believed to be important in preventing rejection of the fetus by the mother.Composed of fibrin and other unidentified substances,fibrinoid decreases the permeability of the placental membrane for exchange of material between the fetal and maternal blood streams.

Question 7

________ Smooth chorion&#10;A)A&#10;B)B&#10;C)C&#10;D)D&#10;E)E

Accepted Answer

The smooth chorion is continuous with the chorionic plate ("roof")of the placenta.From the third to eighth weeks,the chorionic sac is covered by villi.The villi degenerate as the amniotic sac enlarges and presses the chorion against the decidua capsularis.This reduces the blood supply to the villi and results in their degeneration.

Question 8

________ Fetal capillaries&#10;A)A&#10;B)B&#10;C)C&#10;D)D&#10;E)E

Accepted Answer

Fetal capillaries are tiny blood vessels in the branch villi that transport poorly oxygenated blood and waste products from the fetus and carry well-oxygenated blood and nutrients to the fetus.Exchange of material occurs between the blood in the fetal capillaries and in the intervillous space.

Question 9

________ Fetal surface of placenta&#10;A)Anchoring villi&#10;B)Cytotrophoblast&#10;C)Amnion&#10;D)Battledore placenta&#10;E)Cotyledons

Accepted Answer

The amnion adheres to the smooth fetal surface of the placenta and is continuous with the epithelial membrane covering the umbilical cord.The umbilical vessels radiate over the fetal surface of the placenta deep to the amnion.

Question 10

________ Syncytial knot&#10;A)A&#10;B)B&#10;C)C&#10;D)D&#10;E)E

Accepted Answer

Syncytial knots consist of aggregations of nuclei in protuberances of cytoplasm of the syncytiotrophoblast.They form at intervals along a villus;occasionally they break off and enter the maternal circulation.Apparently these nuclear aggregations have a short life in the maternal blood.

Question 11

________ Ensheaths umbilical cord&#10;A)A&#10;B)B&#10;C)C&#10;D)D&#10;E)E

Accepted Answer

The answer of   ________ Ensheaths umbilical cord&#10;A)A&#10;B)B&#10;C)C&#10;D)D&#10;E)E...

Question 12

________ Decidua capsularis&#10;A)A&#10;B)B&#10;C)C&#10;D)D&#10;E)E

Accepted Answer

The answer of   ________ Decidua capsularis&#10;A)A&#10;B)B&#10;C)C&#10;D)D&#10;E)E...

Question 13

________ Forms part of early placental membrane&#10;A)Anchoring villi&#10;B)Cytotrophoblast&#10;C)Amnion&#10;D)Battledore placenta&#10;E)Cotyledons

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ Forms part of early placental membrane&#10;A)Anchoring...

Question 14

________ Fetal capillary&#10;A)A&#10;B)B&#10;C)C&#10;D)D&#10;E)E

Accepted Answer

The answer of   ________ Fetal capillary&#10;A)A&#10;B)B&#10;C)C&#10;D)D&#10;E)E...

Question 15

________ Occurs only in monozygotic twins&#10;A)Separate placentas and membranes&#10;B)Fibrinoid material&#10;C)Amniochorionic membrane&#10;D)Monochorionic placenta&#10;E)Syncytial knot

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ Occurs only in monozygotic twins&#10;A)Separate placentas...

Question 16

________ Features of maternal surface of placenta&#10;A)Anchoring villi&#10;B)Cytotrophoblast&#10;C)Amnion&#10;D)Battledore placenta&#10;E)Cotyledons

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ Features of maternal surface of placenta&#10;A)Anchoring...

Question 17

________ Maternal part of placenta&#10;A)A&#10;B)B&#10;C)C&#10;D)D&#10;E)E

Accepted Answer

The answer of   ________ Maternal part of placenta&#10;A)A&#10;B)B&#10;C)C&#10;D)D&#10;E)E...

Question 18

________ Branch villus&#10;A)A&#10;B)B&#10;C)C&#10;D)D&#10;E)E

Accepted Answer

The answer of   ________ Branch villus&#10;A)A&#10;B)B&#10;C)C&#10;D)D&#10;E)E...

Question 19

________ Marginal attachment of umbilical cord&#10;A)Anchoring villi&#10;B)Cytotrophoblast&#10;C)Amnion&#10;D)Battledore placenta&#10;E)Cotyledons

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ Marginal attachment of umbilical cord&#10;A)Anchoring villi&#10;B)Cytotrophoblast&#10;C)Amnion&#10;D)Battledore...

Question 20

________ Places of attachment to decidua basalis&#10;A)Anchoring villi&#10;B)Cytotrophoblast&#10;C)Amnion&#10;D)Battledore placenta&#10;E)Cotyledons

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ Places of attachment to decidua basalis&#10;A)Anchoring...

Question 21

________ Arteriocapillary venous network&#10;A)A&#10;B)B&#10;C)C&#10;D)D&#10;E)E

Accepted Answer

The answer of   ________ Arteriocapillary venous network&#10;A)A&#10;B)B&#10;C)C&#10;D)D&#10;E)E...

Question 22

________ Syncytiotrophoblast&#10;A)A&#10;B)B&#10;C)C&#10;D)D&#10;E)E

Accepted Answer

The answer of   ________ Syncytiotrophoblast&#10;A)A&#10;B)B&#10;C)C&#10;D)D&#10;E)E...

Question 23

________ Umbilical arteries&#10;A)A&#10;B)B&#10;C)C&#10;D)D&#10;E)E

Accepted Answer

The answer of   ________ Umbilical arteries&#10;A)A&#10;B)B&#10;C)C&#10;D)D&#10;E)E...

Deck 6: Placenta and Fetal Membranes