Question 1

________ Derived from the foregut and midgut&#10;A)A&#10;B)B&#10;C)C&#10;D)D&#10;E)E

Accepted Answer

The duodenum is derived from the caudal part of the foregut and the cranial part of the midgut.The junction of the foregut and midgut is at the apex of the embryonic duodenal loop.The junction is indicated in the adult by the point of entrance of the bile duct.Because of its dual origin,the duodenum is supplied by both the foregut (celiac)and midgut (superior mesenteric)arteries.

Question 2

________ Forms the major part of the pancreas&#10;A)A&#10;B)B&#10;C)C&#10;D)D&#10;E)E

Accepted Answer

The dorsal pancreatic bud forms the major part of the pancreas;the inferior part of the head of the pancreas and the uncinate process are derived from the ventral pancreatic bud.The main pancreatic duct forms by fusion of the ducts of both pancreatic buds.

Question 3

________ Forms the inferior part of the head of the pancreas&#10;A)A&#10;B)B&#10;C)C&#10;D)D&#10;E)E

Accepted Answer

The ventral pancreatic bud forms the inferior part of the head of the pancreas,including the uncinate process.Most of the pancreas develops from the dorsal bud.Sometimes the two pancreatic buds form a ring of pancreatic tissue around the duodenum (anular pancreas),which may cause obstruction of the duodenum.

Question 4

________ Duodenal obstruction&#10;A)Pyloric stenosis&#10;B)Anorectal agenesis&#10;C)Esophageal atresia&#10;D)Omphalocele&#10;E)Polyhydramnios

Accepted Answer

High intestinal obstruction (e.g. ,duodenal atresia)frequently is an accompaniment of polyhydramnios.Excessive amniotic fluid is also associated with meroanencephaly (partial absence of the brain)and esophageal atresia.With meroanencephaly,there appears to be difficulty in swallowing.In esophageal and duodenal atresia,amniotic fluid accumulates because it is unable to pass to the intestines for absorption.

Question 5

________ Derived from the midgut loop&#10;A)Spleen&#10;B)Omphaloenteric duct (yolk stalk)&#10;C)Gallbladder&#10;D)Appendix&#10;E)Celiac trunk

Accepted Answer

The appendix is derived from the cecal diverticulum,an outpouching from the antimesenteric side of the midgut loop.The distal end of the cecum does not grow rapidly;thus,the appendix forms.At birth,the appendix is relatively longer than in the adult and is continuous with the apex of the cecum.

Question 6

________ Herniation of the intestines&#10;A)Pyloric stenosis&#10;B)Anorectal agenesis&#10;C)Esophageal atresia&#10;D)Omphalocele&#10;E)Polyhydramnios

Accepted Answer

Omphalocele is a congenital protrusion or herniation of the intestines through a large defect in the anterior abdominal wall at the umbilicus.This anomaly is believed to result from failure of the intestines to return from the umbilical cord during the tenth week.The hernial mass is covered by a thin,transparent membrane composed of peritoneum internally and amnion externally (from the amniotic covering of the umbilical cord).

Question 7

________ Derived from foregut&#10;A)Spleen&#10;B)Omphaloenteric duct (yolk stalk)&#10;C)Gallbladder&#10;D)Appendix&#10;E)Celiac trunk

Accepted Answer

The gallbladder is derived from the foregut.The hepatic diverticulum from the foregut divides into two parts;the larger cranial part gives rise to the liver,and the caudal part gives rise to the gallbladder.

Question 8

________ Embryonic site of hematopoiesis&#10;A)A&#10;B)B&#10;C)C&#10;D)D&#10;E)E

Accepted Answer

The liver is an important site of blood formation in the embryo and early fetus.Hematopoiesis begins in the liver during the sixth week;before this,blood formation occurs in the extraembryonic mesenchyme of the umbilical vesicle and allantois.Blood is later formed in the spleen,bone marrow,and lymph nodes.

Question 9

________ Continuous with the apex of the midgut loop&#10;A)Spleen&#10;B)Omphaloenteric duct (yolk stalk)&#10;C)Gallbladder&#10;D)Appendix&#10;E)Celiac trunk

Accepted Answer

The omphaloenteric duct is attached to the apex of the midgut loop.The other end of this stalk is attached to the remnant of the umbilical vesicle (yolk sac),located near the placenta.The yolk stalk normally degenerates at the end of the embryonic period,but in about 2% of people,the proximal part of it persists as an ileal (Meckel)diverticulum.

Question 10

________ Partly derived from the midgut&#10;A)A&#10;B)B&#10;C)C&#10;D)D&#10;E)E

Accepted Answer

The epithelium and glands of the duodenum distal to the point of entrance of the bile duct are derived from the midgut.Other layers of the mucous membrane and the wall of the duodenum are derived from mesenchyme adjacent to the endodermal midgut.The epithelium and glands of the duodenum cranial to the entrance of this duct are derived from the foregut.

Question 11

________ Faulty partitioning of the foregut&#10;A)Pyloric stenosis&#10;B)Anorectal agenesis&#10;C)Esophageal atresia&#10;D)Omphalocele&#10;E)Polyhydramnios

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ Faulty partitioning of the foregut&#10;A)Pyloric stenosis&#10;B)Anorectal...

Question 12

________ Penetrates the septum transversum&#10;A)A&#10;B)B&#10;C)C&#10;D)D&#10;E)E

Accepted Answer

The answer of   ________ Penetrates the septum transversum&#10;A)A&#10;B)B&#10;C)C&#10;D)D&#10;E)E...

Question 13

________ Organ derived solely from mesenchyme&#10;A)Spleen&#10;B)Omphaloenteric duct (yolk stalk)&#10;C)Gallbladder&#10;D)Appendix&#10;E)Celiac trunk

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ Organ derived solely from mesenchyme&#10;A)Spleen&#10;B)Omphaloenteric duct...

Question 14

________ Its free border contains the umbilical vein&#10;A)A&#10;B)B&#10;C)C&#10;D)D&#10;E)E

Accepted Answer

The answer of   ________ Its free border contains...

Question 15

________ Causes projectile vomiting&#10;A)Pyloric stenosis&#10;B)Anorectal agenesis&#10;C)Esophageal atresia&#10;D)Omphalocele&#10;E)Polyhydramnios

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ Causes projectile vomiting&#10;A)Pyloric stenosis&#10;B)Anorectal agenesis&#10;C)Esophageal atresia&#10;D)Omphalocele&#10;E)Polyhydramnios...

Question 16

________ Arises as a diverticulum of the foregut&#10;A)A&#10;B)B&#10;C)C&#10;D)D&#10;E)E

Accepted Answer

The answer of   ________ Arises as a diverticulum...

Question 17

________ Hepatoduodenal ligament&#10;A)A&#10;B)B&#10;C)C&#10;D)D&#10;E)E

Accepted Answer

The answer of   ________ Hepatoduodenal ligament&#10;A)A&#10;B)B&#10;C)C&#10;D)D&#10;E)E...

Question 18

________ Supplies foregut derivatives&#10;A)Spleen&#10;B)Omphaloenteric duct (yolk stalk)&#10;C)Gallbladder&#10;D)Appendix&#10;E)Celiac trunk

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ Supplies foregut derivatives&#10;A)Spleen&#10;B)Omphaloenteric duct (yolk stalk)&#10;C)Gallbladder&#10;D)Appendix&#10;E)Celiac...

Question 19

________ Primarily involved in extrahepatic biliary atresia&#10;A)A&#10;B)B&#10;C)C&#10;D)D&#10;E)E

Accepted Answer

The answer of   ________ Primarily involved in extrahepatic...

Question 20

________ Faulty partitioning of the cloaca&#10;A)Pyloric stenosis&#10;B)Anorectal agenesis&#10;C)Esophageal atresia&#10;D)Omphalocele&#10;E)Polyhydramnios

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ Faulty partitioning of the cloaca&#10;A)Pyloric stenosis&#10;B)Anorectal...

Deck 10: Digestive System