Deck 41: Antibacterial Agents

Question 1

What must be done if a patient on vancomycin exhibits a flushing redness of the neck and upper body?

A) Slow the IV drip rate.
B) Increase the IV drip rate.
C) Immediately discontinue, and administer antidote for overdose.
D) Immediately discontinue, and change to another antibiotic.

Answer 1

Slow the IV drip rate.

Question 2

Susceptibility of bacterial resistance to penicillin can be attributed to:

A) The broad-spectrum nature of penicillin
B) The ineffective response toward gram-positive bacteria
C) Chemoprophylaxis
D) The beta-lactam ring structure of the antibiotic

Answer 2

The beta-lactam ring structure of the antibiotic

Question 3

Which scenario best represents an ideal candidate for chemoprophylaxis?

A) A traveler who has had heart valve surgery and is vacationing in South America
B) A patient scheduled to have hip replacement surgery
C) An individual not responding to current antibiotic treatment
D) A patient with uncontrollable diarrhea

Answer 3

A traveler who has had heart valve surgery and is vacationing in South America

Question 4

Why is methicillin no longer used in treating resistant staphylococcal infections?

A) It is no longer resistant to penicillinase.
B) Penicillin binding proteins have changed so much that methicillin is now ineffective.
C) Autolytic enzymes produced by bacteria have become resistant.
D) Methicillin is toxic.

Question 5

What are the two dyes used in gram staining?

A) Crystal violet and safranin
B) Crystal violet and methylene blue
C) Methylene blue and safranin
D) Iodine & methylene blue

Question 6

Which one of the following reactions requires emergency medical attention?

A) Disulfiram reaction
B) Stevens-Johnson syndrome
C) Fanconi syndrome
D) Pruritis and photosensitivity

Question 7

Photosensitivity is a reaction that can occur from using which antibiotics?

A) Macrolides and fluoroquinolones
B) Chloramphenicol and metronidazole
C) Tetracyclines and sulfonamides
D) Isoniazid and pyrazinamide

Question 8

Aminoglycosides can produce a synergistic bactericidal action when combined with:

A) Cephalosporins
B) Tetracyclines
C) Sulfonamides
D) Macrolides

Question 9

Meningitis can be effectively treated with:

A) First-generation cephalosporins
B) Second-generation cephalosporins
C) Third-generation cephalosporins
D) Fourth-generation cephalosporins

Question 10

A decrease in rifampin effectiveness with other medications may be due to:

A) Increased acetylation
B) Increased beta-lactamase activity
C) Enterohepatic cycling
D) Bacterial resistance

Question 11

Which antibiotics can be used for bowel sterilization prior to surgery?

A) Penicillins and macrolides
B) Aminoglycosides and sulfonamides
C) Cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones
D) Tetracyclines and aztreonam

Question 12

What type of antibiotic action inhibits the reproduction of bacteria?

A) Bactericidal
B) Bacteriostatic
C) Culture and sensitivity testing
D) Chemoprophylaxis

Question 13

What are two methods used to determine antibiotic susceptibility?

A) Disk test and agar plating
B) Disk test and serial dilution
C) Serial dilution and agar plating
D) Disk test and autoclaving

Question 14

Alcohol consumption should be avoided with which antibiotics?

A) Penicillins and macrolides
B) Aminoglycosides and tetracyclines
C) Cephalosporins and metronidazole
D) Sulfonamides and fluoroquinolones

Question 15

A substance that is ingested and increases acetylation activity of the liver would have what type of effect on isoniazid activity?

A) Antagonism
B) No activity
C) Enhanced activity
D) Decreased activity

Question 16

An antibiotic will have no effect on an infection if:

A) The antibiotic is broad-spectrum.
B) The bacteria is not resistant to the antibiotic.
C) The bacteria does not lie within the drug's antibacterial spectrum.
D) Beta-lactamase activity is not present.

Question 17

Which group of penicillins has shown beta-lactamase resistance?

A) First-generation penicillins
B) Second-generation penicillins
C) Third-generation penicillins
D) Fourth-generation penicillins

Question 18

A person taking a diuretic and rifampin should be aware of:

A) Increased risk of renal bleeding
B) Voiding red-orange urine
C) Potential oliguria
D) Extreme diuresis

Question 19

A person experiencing a delayed allergic reaction to a penicillin will likely be switched to a(n):

A) Aminoglycoside
B) Tetracycline
C) Cephalosporin
D) Sulfonamide

Question 20

Nephrotoxicity is a concern in which families of antibiotics?

A) Tetracyclines and second-generation cephalosporins
B) Sulfonamides and third-generation cephalosporins
C) Macrolides and fourth-generation cephalosporins
D) Aminoglycosides and first-generation cephalosporins