Deck 35: Introduction to the Endocrine System Adrenal Steroids

Question 1

Which of the following is a method of monitoring adverse effects in a patient who is taking growth hormone?

A) Testing the blood glucose levels
B) Testing the blood enzyme levels
C) Testing for glucose in a urinary analysis
D) Testing for glycosylated hemoglobin in a blood sample

Answer 1

Testing for glycosylated hemoglobin in a blood sample

Question 2

Tropic hormones are released into the _____ to control the activities of the other endocrine glands.

A) portal artery in the brain
B) portal vein in the brain
C) general circulation
D) pulmonary circulation

Answer 2

general circulation

Question 3

Somatostatin is:

A) a releasing hormone that stimulates the release of the growth hormone.
B) a releasing hormone produced by the target organ.
C) an inhibitory hormone released from the pituitary gland.
D) an inhibitory hormone produced by the hypothalamus.

Answer 3

an inhibitory hormone produced by the hypothalamus.

Question 4

In addition to bone,muscle,and fat,which of the following organs is particularly responsive to the effects of somatotropin?

A) Liver
B) Stomach
C) Lymph nodes
D) Spleen

Question 5

A lack of thyroid hormone production in infancy results in:

A) dwarfism.
B) cretinism.
C) acromegaly.
D) candidemia.

Question 6

Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone are:

A) produced in the posterior pituitary gland and stored in the mammary glands.
B) produced in the hypothalamus and are stored in the posterior pituitary gland.
C) produced in the uterus and are stored in the mammary glands.
D) produced in the anterior pituitary gland and are stored in the uterus.

Question 7

Which of the following is a use of octreotide?

A) Stimulating growth hormone production
B) Inhibiting somatostatin production
C) Treating patients with acromegaly who are unresponsive to surgery
D) Treating patients with cretinism who are unresponsive to surgery

Question 8

Releasing and inhibiting hormones travel from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary through the _____.

A) aorta
B) fourth ventricle
C) portal vein
D) superior vena cava

Question 9

Which of the following hormones is acutely regulated through a positive feedback loop?

A) Antidiuretic hormone
B) Oxytocin
C) Thyroid-stimulating hormone
D) Cortisol

Question 10

Which of the following stimulates bone growth during childhood?

A) Oxytocin
B) Somatostatin
C) Insulin-like growth factor 1
D) Insulin-like growth factor 2

Question 11

_____ is a recombinant insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)that is indicated for the long-term treatment of growth failure in children with severe primary IGF-1 deficiency.

A) Prolactin
B) Lanreotide
C) Mecasermin
D) Octreotide

Question 12

Which of the following is associated with red blood cell production?

A) Cholecystokinin
B) Erythropoietin
C) Gastrin
D) Prolactin

Question 13

Pituitary secretion is decreased by the:

A) inhibiting hormones produced by the hypothalamus.
B) inhibiting hormones produced by the posterior pituitary gland.
C) second messengers produced by the anterior pituitary gland.
D) second messengers produced by the thyroid gland.

Question 14

Which of the following hormones is not associated with one main target organ?

A) Thyroid-stimulating hormone
B) Adrenocorticotropic hormone
C) Luteinizing hormone
D) Growth hormone

Question 15

The two main systems of the body that function in regulating other systems are the:

A) nervous system and the endocrine system.
B) nervous system and the muscular system.
C) endocrine system and the exocrine system.
D) endocrine system and the muscular system.

Question 16

The portal system allows for communication between:

A) the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary gland.
B) the hypothalamus and the posterior pituitary gland.
C) the hypothalamus and both the lobes of the pituitary gland.
D) the hypothalamus and the renal system.

Question 17

When compared to the nervous system,hormones have:

A) a faster onset and a shorter duration of stimulation.
B) a faster onset and a longer duration of stimulation.
C) a slower onset and a shorter duration of stimulation.
D) a slower onset and a longer duration of stimulation.

Question 18

Which of the following statements is true of the thyrotropic-releasing hormone?

A) The release of the growth hormone is stimulated by the action of the thyrotropic-releasing hormone from the hypothalamus.
B) The release of the growth hormone is stimulated by the action of the thyrotropic-releasing hormone from the posterior pituitary gland.
C) The release of the thyroid-stimulating hormone is stimulated by the action of the thyrotropic-releasing hormone, which is secreted from the posterior pituitary gland.
D) The release of the thyroid-stimulating hormone is stimulated by the action of the thyrotropic-releasing hormone, which is secreted from the hypothalamus.

Question 19

In negative feedback:

A) the hypothalamus releases inhibiting hormones that reach the target organ.
B) the target organ hormone inhibits the specific pituitary hormone secretion.
C) the target organ hormone stimulates the production of the pituitary hormone.
D) the pituitary hormone stimulates the production of hormones from the hypothalamus.

Question 20

Which hormone does not induce its action through cAMP activity?

A) Testosterone
B) Calcitonin
C) Glucagon
D) Norepinephrine

Question 21

Ralf,a 14-year-old,suffers from dwarfism.He consults Dr.Martin,who prescribes recombinant growth hormone for Ralf.In this scenario,Dr.Martin should monitor Ralf's _____.

A) catecholamine levels
B) glycosylated hemoglobin levels
C) lymphocyte levels
D) hydrophilic amino acid levels

Question 22

_____ is secreted through positive feedback.

A) Oxytocin
B) Somatotropin
C) Prolactin
D) Calcitonin

Question 23

Jose's soft tissues and bones have thickened.This is prominent on his hands,feet,and face.The doctor diagnoses that he is suffering from acromegaly.Which of the following treatments is the doctor most likely to recommend?

A) Radiation therapy
B) Antibiotics
C) Automated external defibrillator
D) Blood thinners

Question 24

Steve,a 16-year-old,suffers from stunted growth.His doctor prescribes mecasermin for his condition.Which of the following statements is most likely to be true of Steve's condition?

A) Steve has high levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone.
B) Steve has a swollen lymph node.
C) Steve has a pituitary tumor.
D) Steve has developed neutralizing antibodies to growth hormone.

Question 25

Which of the following statements is true of the hormones in the posterior pituitary lobe?

A) They are secreted when the hypothalamus produces releasing hormones.
B) They are produced in the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland.
C) They are stored in the hypothalamus until they are needed.
D) They travel from the hypothalamus to the posterior lobe down nerve axons.

Question 26

Noah, a 42-year-old, consults Dr. Miller as he has enlarged bones in his hands and feet. Dr. Miller diagnoses him with acromegaly and prescribes lanreotide to him. Dr. Miller should consider switching Noah to octreopeptide if Noah has _____.

A) adrenal insufficiency
B) stents in his blood vessels
C) Cushing's disease
D) carcinoid tumors

Question 27

Tobias is suffering from growth failure.The doctor prescribes mecasermin for him at a low dose for the first week.Which of the following conditions should be met before the doctor can increase the dosage?

A) Hypoglycemia should not occur.
B) Aquaresis should not occur.
C) Tobias should not have taken any antibiotics for at least two weeks.
D) Tobias should not have taken any analgesics for at least two weeks.

Question 28

_____ decreases the clearance of octreotide and increases the plasma level.

A) Dysphagia
B) Cretinism
C) Aquaresis
D) Renal impairment

Question 29

The hormones of the anterior lobe that control the activities of the other endocrine glands are known as _____ hormones.

A) tropic
B) source
C) inter
D) counter

Question 30

Growth hormone induces the liver and other tissues to produce _____.

A) oxytocin
B) somatotropin
C) prolactin
D) somatomedins

Question 31

In children,excess secretion of growth hormone results in _____.

A) goiter
B) cretinism
C) acromegaly
D) gigantism

Question 32

Growth hormone increases plasma levels of nutrients to provide the energy needed for growth by inhibiting the uptake of _____ by adipose cells.

A) oxygen
B) phosphorous
C) calcium
D) glucose

Question 33

_____ is used to treat acromegaly and is clinically valuable in the management of severe diarrhea and flushing associated with metastatic carcinoid tumors.

A) Octreopeptide
B) Lanreotide
C) Somatomedin
D) Somatotropin

Question 34

The release of _____ is controlled by nerve reflexes.

A) antidiuretic hormone
B) luteinizing hormone
C) adrenocorticotropic hormone
D) growth hormone

Question 35

Human growth hormone was withdrawn from the market when the National Hormone and Pituitary Program (NIH)linked _____ to contaminated cadaver tissue.

A) Emanuel syndrome
B) Cotard's syndrome
C) Huntington's disease
D) Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease