Deck 21: Cardiac Glycosides and the Treatment of Congestive Heart Failure

Question 1

Alex goes to the hospital for a checkup after experiencing severe chest pain.After a preliminary physical examination,a health care professional asks Alex to lie down,places small metal disc electrodes on his body,and hooks the electrodes up to a machine that starts recording the electrical activity of Alex's heart.After the procedure,the health care professional hands over the recording to a doctor for analysis.This recording is known as a(n)_____.

A) encephalogram
B) mammogram
C) electrocardiogram
D) angiogram

Answer 1

electrocardiogram

Question 2

Identify an accurate statement about the electrocardiogram (ECG).

A) An ECG typically records the electrical activity of the heart from two different body locations.
B) An ECG is a visual image generated by the reflected sound waves in an ultrasound examination of the heart.
C) An ECG is a recording of the electrical activity of the heart that is represented in a characteristic waveform.
D) An ECG cannot be used to detect cardiac arrhythmias.

Answer 2

An ECG is a recording of the electrical activity of the heart that is represented in a characteristic waveform.

Question 3

The _____ is the muscular layer of the heart.

A) myocardium
B) epicardium
C) endocardium
D) pericardium

Answer 3

myocardium

Question 4

Identify the chamber of the heart from which deoxygenated blood is pumped through the pulmonary arteries into the lungs.

A) The left ventricle
B) The right ventricle
C) The left atrium
D) The right atrium

Question 5

Identify an accurate statement about the conduction system of the heart.

A) An electrical impulse is normally generated within the atrioventricular node.
B) The Purkinje fibers distribute excitation through the ventricular myocardium.
C) Impulse conduction first results in the contraction of the left ventricle and then in the contraction of the right ventricle.
D) The left side of the heart pumps a greater amount of blood than the right side of the heart in a particular amount of time.

Question 6

An increase in heart rate primarily begins with stimulation of which part of the conduction system?

A) Purkinje fibers
B) Atrioventricular bundle
C) Atrioventricular (AV) node
D) Sinoatrial (SA) node

Question 7

The _____ of the heart is commonly referred to as the pacemaker.

A) The atrioventricular node
B) The bundle of Purkinje fibers
C) The atrioventricular bundle
D) The sinoatrial node

Question 8

In an electrocardiogram,the repolarization of the ventricles is represented by the:

A) QRS wave.
B) P wave.
C) ST segment.
D) T wave.

Question 9

The P wave of an electrocardiogram (ECG)represents the:

A) depolarization of the atria.
B) repolarization of the atria.
C) depolarization of the ventricles.
D) repolarization of the ventricles.

Question 10

What does the QRS wave of an electrocardiogram (ECG)represent?

A) The repolarization of the ventricles
B) The repolarization of the atria
C) The depolarization of the ventricles
D) The depolarization of the atria

Question 11

Deoxygenated blood passes from the right atrium into the right ventricle through the _____.

A) bicuspid valve
B) tricuspid valve
C) right semilunar valve
D) mitral valve

Question 12

Select a true statement about the heart.

A) The heart is composed of two muscular chambers.
B) The heart generates the force that pumps the blood through the circulatory system.
C) All the venous blood from the body is drained into the left atrium of the heart.
D) Blood passes from the right atrium to the right ventricle through the bicuspid valve of the heart.

Question 13

The unique property of the heart that allows it to initiate its own electrical stimulation is known as _____.

A) autorhythmicity
B) conductivity
C) contractility
D) excitability

Question 14

Which of the following statements is true of an electrocardiogram (ECG)?

A) The P wave of an ECG represents the depolarization of the ventricles.
B) The QRS wave of an ECG represents the depolarization of the atria.
C) The T wave represents the repolarization of the ventricles.
D) The QT interval represents the time required for passage of an electrical impulse from the SA node through the AV node.

Question 15

When Janice,a patient,complains of chest pain and dizziness,Dr.Hendrick suspects that Janice is suffering from arrhythmia.Which of the following will help Dr.Hendrick confirm his suspicion?

A) An electromyogram
B) An encephalogram
C) An angiogram
D) An electrocardiogram

Question 16

The _____ carry all the deoxygenated blood from the body and drain it into the right atrium of the heart.

A) superior and inferior venae cavae
B) coronary arteries
C) pulmonary veins
D) pulmonary arteries

Question 17

Dr.Calvin is giving a lecture on the properties of cardiac tissue.During the lecture,he states that the conduction tissue of the heart does not require any external stimulus to initiate its contractions.It has the ability to initiate its own electrical stimulation.To demonstrate this property,Dr.Calvin dissects a frog and places its heart in a petri dish with Ringer's solution.He then asks his students to observe how the frog's heart continues to beat without any external stimulation.Based on the information provided in this scenario,which property of the heart is Dr.Calvin trying to demonstrate?

A) Elasticity
B) Autorhythmicity
C) Contractility
D) Rigidity

Question 18

Which of the following statements is true of the blood flow through the heart?

A) The pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium.
B) The left ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs through the pulmonary arteries, where it gets oxygenated.
C) The right ventricle of the heart pumps blood out of the heart into the aorta, where it gets distributed to the rest of the body.
D) Blood passes from the right atrium into the right ventricle through the bicuspid valve.

Question 19

Which of the following chambers of the heart pumps the blood out of the heart into the aorta,where it then gets distributed to the rest of the body?

A) The left atrium
B) The right atrium
C) The left ventricle
D) The right ventricle

Question 20

The excitation and contraction of the heart begins with the:

A) contraction of the right side of the heart followed by the contraction of the left side.
B) contraction of the left side of the heart followed by the contraction of the right side.
C) contraction of both ventricles followed by the contraction of both atria.
D) contraction of both atria followed by the contraction of both ventricles.

Question 21

During the "fight or flight" reaction,sympathetic nerves become active and release _____.

A) serotonin
B) gamma-aminobutyric acid
C) norepinephrine
D) acetylcholine

Question 22

A patient with atherosclerosis will also have:

A) hyperglycemia.
B) hypercholesterolemia.
C) hypotension.
D) hypoglycemia.

Question 23

A characteristic sign of left-sided heart failure is:

A) ascites.
B) pulmonary edema.
C) fever.
D) leg pain.

Question 24

Alice has been feeling breathless and has been experiencing a tightness in her chest.She makes gurgling sounds when she breathes.Dr.Pablo,a cardiologist,subjects Alice to a thorough medical examination and diagnoses her with pulmonary edema.Dr.Pablo attributes this condition to a defect in Alice's heart.Based on the information provided in this scenario,from which of the following cardiac conditions is Alice most likely suffering?

A) Left-sided chronic heart failure
B) Right-sided chronic heart failure
C) Myocardial infarction
D) Coronary artery disease.

Question 25

Which of the following terms is used to describe chest pain caused by insufficient blood flow to the heart?

A) Angina pectoris
B) Hypertension
C) Arrhythmia
D) Tachycardia

Question 26

Parasympathetic nerves release acetylcholine to _____.

A) drastically decrease the activities of the SA node and the myocardium
B) increase the activities of the AV node and the SA node
C) decrease the activities of the SA node and the AV node
D) drastically increase the activities of the myocardium and the Purkinje fibers

Question 27

Which of the following is a disease of the aging process that is characterized by the narrowing and hardening of the arteries?

A) Arrhythmia
B) Arteriosclerosis
C) Chronic heart failure
D) Angina pectoris

Question 28

Which of the following is a neurotransmitter released by sympathetic nerves that travels to the sinoatrial (SA)node of the heart to increase heart rate?

A) Serotonin
B) Norepinephrine
C) Acetylcholine
D) Gamma-aminobutyric acid

Question 29

What regulates the rate and force of heart contractions?

A) The cerebellum
B) The central nervous system
C) The autonomic nervous system
D) The somatic nervous system

Question 30

In the context of cardiac nerve supply,the sympathetic nervous system:

A) decreases the activity of the SA node, the AV node, and the myocardium.
B) releases the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
C) has little effect on myocardial contraction.
D) becomes active when the body needs to expend energy during the "fight or flight" reaction.

Question 31

The parasympathetic nervous system has _____ effect on myocardial contraction.

A) very little
B) an increased stimulatory
C) a significant stimulatory
D) a synergistic

Question 32

Insufficient blood flow in the coronary arteries to the heart is common in all of these conditions except:

A) arteriosclerosis.
B) atherosclerosis.
C) angina pectoris.
D) arrhythmias.

Question 33

A decrease in myocardial function will immediately result in:

A) thromboembolisms.
B) myocardial infarction.
C) ischemia.
D) arteriosclerosis.

Question 34

Alice visits the hospital for a medical checkup after experiencing shortness of breath and difficulty breathing.When Dr.Gavin examines her,he discovers that her lungs are filled with fluid.Dr.Gavin immediately suspects that Alice is suffering from a certain heart disease.Which of the following conditions is Dr.Gavin suspecting she has?

A) Chronic heart failure
B) Myocardial infarction
C) Coronary artery disease
D) Arteriosclerosis

Question 35

Identify an accurate statement about the nerve supply of the heart.

A) The heart receives its nerve supply from only one division of the autonomic nervous system, the sympathetic division.
B) The autonomic nervous system regulates the rate and force of the contractions of the heart.
C) The norepinephrine released by the sympathetic nerves in the heart act on the sinoatrial (SA) node to decrease heart rate.
D) The sympathetic nerves that innervate the heart become active when the body needs to rest and conserve energy.