Deck 34: The Immune System

Question 1

Physical and chemical barriers that form the first line of innate defense include

A) the acidity of the stomach.
B) tear fluid from the eye.
C) an unpunctured skin.
D) mucus and cilia of the respiratory tract.
E) All of the answer choices are correct.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

To select mutant mice with stronger innate immunity,you might look for ones with greater concentrations of

A) histamine.
B) complement proteins.
C) interleukin.
D) interferon.
E) epinephrine.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which can be a target of autoimmune disease but is not considered to be a major part of the immune system itself?

A) thymus
B) bone marrow
C) spleen
D) pancreas
E) lymph node

Answer 3

D

Question 4

When activated,__________ trigger(s)a chain reaction that punctures bacterial cell membranes.

A) histamine
B) interleukin
C) ADH
D) complement proteins
E) epinephrine

Question 5

A preparation that "teaches" the immune system to recognize a disease-causing agent without actually causing disease is termed a(n)

A) antibiotic.
B) sulfa drug.
C) analgesic.
D) vaccination.
E) injection.

Question 6

A cell that does not circulate in blood,but instead settles in tissues near the skin and in the digestive tract,producing and releasing histamine when tissue is damaged is a(n)

A) basophil.
B) mast cell.
C) osteocyte.
D) macrophage.
E) T cell.

Question 7

A phagocyte is a cell that

A) engulfs other cells and debris.
B) primarily is used to produce antibodies.
C) produces white blood cells.
D) produces platelets.
E) transports oxygen to tissues.

Question 8

Which of the following is part of the adaptive,rather than the innate,immune response?

A) cilia that sweep bacteria out of the respiratory tract
B) the process of inflammation
C) antibody production
D) fever production
E) the complement protein production

Question 9

Fever is part of humoral immunity since the temperature of the body is controlled from the bone marrow.

Question 10

A Y-shaped protein that proliferates in response to a specific antigen and recognizes these antigens is

A) interferon.
B) an antibody.
C) complement.
D) a phagocyte.
E) a B cell.

Question 11

Administering antivenom is a form of active immunity.

Question 12

Which of the following function primarily as phagocytes?

A) lymphocytes
B) macrophages
C) neutrophils
D) lymphocytes and macrophages
E) macrophages and neutrophils

Question 13

The "master cells" of the immune system that initiate and coordinate the adaptive immune response are

A) basophils.
B) helper T cells.
C) mast cells.
D) cytotoxic T cells.
E) B cells.

Question 14

If you were asked to plan a genetic modification of cows to increase production of macrophages,you would want to do something to increase production of the cell type known as the

A) lymphocyte.
B) basophil.
C) eosinophil.
D) monocyte.
E) neutrophil.

Question 15

White blood cells are produced

A) by mitotic division of other white blood cells.
B) from platelets.
C) from chondrocytes.
D) from bone marrow stem cells.
E) from plasma proteins.

Question 16

A molecule that stimulates an immune system reaction by B cells and T cells is termed a(n)

A) antibody.
B) antigen.
C) substrate.
D) phagocyte.
E) complement protein.

Question 17

A primary antigen-presenting cell,a cell that presents an antigen that activates a helper T cell,is a

A) B cell.
B) T cell.
C) macrophage.
D) plasma cell.
E) chondrocyte.

Question 18

Which of the following is a reason why fever is considered a defense mechanism?

A) Fever inactivates (kills) some viruses.
B) Fever speeds up the rate of phagocytosis.
C) Fever reduces the iron level in the blood, thereby retarding the growth of some bacteria.
D) Fever kills some bacteria.
E) All of the answer choices are correct.

Question 19

A doctor who attempted to induce a fever in a patient might be trying to help fight a pathogen or a cancer.

Question 20

B cells and T cells are

A) basophils.
B) monocytes.
C) lymphocytes.
D) eosinophils.
E) neutrophils.

Question 21

If you transfuse type AB blood into a patient with type A blood,the patient will raise antibodies against the B antigen on the donor's blood,but will not raise antibodies against the A antigen.Why not?

A) B and T cells that recognize the A antigen will have been removed by clonal deletion.
B) Antibodies that recognize the A antigen will have been removed by the spleen.
C) Antibodies that recognize the A antigen will have been removed by the bone marrow.
D) Macrophages will not present the A antigen to T cells.
E) Recombination of the gene for antibodies cannot produce self-reactive clones.

Question 22

HIV-positive people track the progress of their disease with blood tests that measure the number of

A) blood platelets.
B) B cells.
C) helper T cells.
D) cytotoxic T cells.
E) plasma cells.

Question 23

In a process called _____,an army of plasma cells and memory cells are produced from properly stimulated B cells.

A) conjugation
B) meiotic regeneration
C) recombination
D) clonal selection
E) genetic shuffling

Question 24

Every year the common flu vaccine is designed to protect against three different strains of the influenza virus.How is your body able to raise antibodies against so many new forms of the flu virus?

A) Each B cell can make antibodies against all antigens.
B) The vaccine contains the antibodies against the strains of flu virus so your body does not need to make them.
C) Viruses are destroyed by the passive immune system.
D) Clonal deletion of B and T cells ends recognition of the virus.
E) Recombination of the gene used to make antibodies leads to variability.

Question 25

Which is an example of active immunity?

A) antibodies produced from a vaccine, or a person receiving an injection of antibodies
B) a fetus acquiring antibodies through the placenta, or a person receiving an injection of antibodies
C) a person receiving an injection of antibodies
D) a fetus acquiring antibodies through the placenta
E) antibodies produced from a vaccine

Question 26

A baby receiving antibodies in breast milk from its mother is an example of passive immunity.

Question 27

Why do lymph nodes often become swollen during an infection?

A) T cells reproduce in lymph nodes after being exposed to pathogens.
B) B cells reproduce in lymph nodes after being exposed to pathogens.
C) Macrophages move to lymph nodes after engulfing pathogens.
D) Cytotoxic T cells attack pathogens in the lymph nodes, triggering inflammation.
E) Vasodilation increases blood flow in the lymph nodes.

Question 28

The region of an antibody molecule that recognizes and binds to an antigen is the

A) hinge region.
B) variable region.
C) constant region.
D) base of the antibody molecule.
E) heavy chain only.

Question 29

If you were describing to a class of nursing students why a vaccine was being given,you would tell them that it would

A) introduce antibodies into a person.
B) create immunological memory without causing disease.
C) introduce synthetic drugs, like sulfa drugs, into a person.
D) give a person a mild disease.
E) stimulate the production of blood platelets.

Question 30

Which involves adaptive cell-mediated immunity?

A) a neutrophil killing a bacteria by direct cell-to-cell contact
B) a cytotoxic T cell destroying a virus-infected cell
C) antibodies produced that destroy an invading pathogen
D) a neutrophil killing a bacteria by direct cell-to-cell contact, and a cytotoxic T cell destroying a virus-infected cell
E) a cytotoxic T cell destroying a virus-infected cell, and antibodies produced that destroy an invading pathogen

Question 31

Rh incompatibility is due to an immune reaction to which of the following by a pregnant woman?

A) a self-antigen on red blood cells
B) a foreign antibody on red blood cells
C) a foreign antigen on red blood cells
D) a self-antibody on red blood cells
E) None of the answer choices is correct.

Question 32

Special cells produced by the immune system that are progeny of properly stimulated B cells and are antibody-producing factories are

A) cytotoxic T cells.
B) helper T cells.
C) plasma cells.
D) macrophages.
E) memory cells.

Question 33

Every year the common flu vaccine is designed to protect against three different strains of the influenza virus.Why do scientists typically have to make a new vaccine every year?

A) Our bodies develop resistance to the vaccine and it becomes less effective.
B) The virus develops resistance to the vaccine.
C) The virus can mutate into new strains.
D) People change their habits each year and become susceptible to different strains of the virus.
E) The common influenza virus can come from many species of animals including cats and dogs.

Question 34

If asked to sort cards into boxes marked "active immunity" and "passive immunity," a card saying what would go into the "passive immunity" box?

A) antibodies produced from a vaccine, or a person receiving an injection of antibodies
B) a fetus acquiring antibodies through the placenta, or a person receiving an injection of antibodies
C) a person receiving an injection of antibodies
D) a fetus acquiring antibodies through the placenta
E) antibodies produced from a vaccine

Question 35

Immunological memory results from the production of

A) memory B cells and memory cytotoxic T cells.
B) mast cells and memory B cells.
C) memory mast cells.
D) memory B cells.
E) memory cytotoxic T cells.

Question 36

An exaggerated attack on a harmless antigen by an overly sensitive immune system is termed a(n)

A) autoimmune disease.
B) primary immune response.
C) secondary immune response.
D) allergy.
E) innate defense stimulator.

Question 37

If a tumor metastasizes,some of its cells move to another part of the body.Doctors often look in lymph nodes near a tumor for signs of metastasis.Why might cancer cells be found in lymph nodes?

A) The tumor started in the lymph node.
B) The lymphatic system collects fluids and cells from tissues.
C) White blood cells are formed in lymph nodes in response to the tumor.
D) The tumor is recognized as a foreign antigen and is being attacked.
E) The tumor cells may have moved from the blood into the lymph with the plasma.

Question 38

A disease-causing agent that does not usually infect and cause disease in a person with a healthy immune system is termed a(n)

A) pathogen.
B) subtle pathogen.
C) secondary pathogen.
D) opportunistic pathogen.
E) unlikely pathogen.

Question 39

Innate immune responses involve antibodies.

Question 40

A vaccine could be prepared against a virus by allowing a patient to breathe viral coat proteins.This primary response would allow for a later,strong secondary immune response to the virus.

Question 41

A person with a fever who has a few anthrax spores caught in the mucus membranes in their nose and antibodies binding to the flu virus is showing both passive and active immunity.

Question 42

Secondary immune responses depend on and follow primary immune responses.

Question 43

If an Rh^- woman has three babies who are Rh⁺,her immune response to the third baby would be an example of a secondary immune response.

Question 44

Figuer:
What is the independent variable in this figure?

A) number of children with allergies to dust mites
B) amount of interleukin-10 produced
C) number of white blood cells in the children's blood
D) amount of antibodies in the children's blood
E) if children were infected with flatworms

Question 45

Adaptive immune defenses provide a rapid,broad defense against any infectious agent.

Question 46

How did researchers test if flatworms could moderate the immune system?

A) exposing white blood cells to flatworm antigens and measuring interleukin-10 concentrations
B) exposing white blood cells to dust mite antigens and measuring interleukin-10 concentrations
C) exposing white blood cells to flatworm antigens and measuring histamine concentrations
D) exposing white blood cells to dust mite antigens and measuring histamine concentrations
E) infecting children with flatworms and looking at their number of white blood cells

Question 47

A fever has no defense function,but only acts as a sign that an infection is present in the body.

Question 48

Lymphatic capillaries help to recycle the contents of blood plasma,thus helping maintain homeostasis in the circulatory system.

Question 49

If a child was allergic to a substance scratched onto their skin,the area would turn red and swollen within about 10 minutes.Which of the following would cause these symptoms?

A) release of interleukin-10
B) recruitment of B cells
C) release of histamine
D) presence of flatworms
E) presence of dust mites

Question 50

What is the hygiene hypothesis?

A) People who have more exposure to infectious agents will have an overactive immune system.
B) People who have less exposure to infectious agents will have an overactive immune system.
C) People who have better hygiene and are cleaner will have a weaker immune system.
D) People who have better hygiene and are cleaner will have more infections.
E) People who have better hygiene and are cleaner will have fewer infections.

Question 51

The primary immune response produces memory cells that stimulate a faster immune response on a subsequent exposure to the same foreign antigen.

Question 52

A transfusion can provide passive immunity.

Question 53

Lymph nodes have a crucial role in immunity.

Question 54

Figuer:
What is the dependent variable in this figure?

A) number of children with allergies to dust mites
B) if children were infected with flatworms
C) amount of interleukin-10 produced
D) number of white blood cells in the children's blood
E) amount of antibodies in the children's blood

Question 55

T cells direct humoral immunity while B cells govern cell-mediated immune reactions.