Deck 28: The Endocrine System

Question 1

A vole with extra ADH would have both altered kidney function and altered social behavior.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

If planning an experiment to try to elevate melatonin secretion,you would plan to treat the subjects with more

A) calcium
B) darkness
C) sound
D) testosterone
E) water

Answer 2

B

Question 3

In lab you are told to operate on a mouse to disrupt hormonal control of the sympathetic nervous system and regulate body fluids,so you decide to cut the duct leading to the

A) parathyroid gland.
B) pancreas.
C) adrenal gland.
D) pineal gland.
E) testes.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

If you see a patient who is losing bone calcium,what gland might be overactive in the patient?

A) testes
B) ovaries
C) parathyroid
D) thyroid
E) adrenal

Question 5

If you were performing a dissection and were asked to remove the organ which mostly makes testosterone,you would hand the instructor the

A) testes.
B) pancreas.
C) parathyroid gland.
D) adrenal gland.
E) pineal gland.

Question 6

ADH has roles in both homeostatic control of water in the blood and in connecting sexual and social behavior.

Question 7

Biochemicals produced in a gland that travel through the bloodstream and alter the metabolism of specific target cells are

A) enzymes.
B) pheromones.
C) neurotransmitters.
D) hormones.
E) pectines.

Question 8

If you were grading an exam on the endocrine system and found the following answers listed as endocrine glands,which would be marked wrong?

A) hypothalamus
B) testes
C) gall bladder
D) pineal gland
E) adrenal gland

Question 9

Seasonal Affective Disorder can be treated with supplemental lighting.

Question 10

Some neurotransmitters can have hormonal activity.

Question 11

ADH receptors in an appropriate part of the brain lead to rewards,which enhance social behavior in voles.

Question 12

The endocrine gland that produces hormones that help regulate blood calcium is the

A) pancreas.
B) parathyroid gland.
C) adrenal gland.
D) pineal gland.
E) testes.

Question 13

If you wanted to increase the social behavior of mice,what could you do to their brains?

A) increase the abundance of testosterone receptors
B) increase the abundance of epinephrine receptors
C) increase the abundance of ADH receptors
D) increase the abundance of cortisol receptors
E) increase the abundance of insulin receptors

Question 14

As the editor of a textbook dealing with signalling in animals,which statement would you remove?

A) Both the nervous system and the endocrine system use neurotransmitters to affect target cells.
B) A nerve impulse is virtually instantaneous, but hormones take from seconds to hours to exert their effects.
C) Hormones and neurotransmitters may share the same target cell.
D) A single neuron influences only a few cells at a time, whereas hormones circulate throughout the body in the blood.
E) Some chemicals act as both neurotransmitters and hormones.

Question 15

Presented with a female patient who often fails to ovulate,leading to infertility,what hormone would you test to try to understand the cause of this problem?

A) follicle-stimulating hormone
B) epinephrine
C) cortisol
D) testosterone
E) calcitonin

Question 16

Which of the following is an endocrine gland?

A) pancreas
B) thyroid gland
C) ovaries
D) testes
E) All of the answer choices are correct.

Question 17

Someone suffering from Seasonal Affective Disorder could have a problem with the working of the adrenal gland.

Question 18

The endocrine gland that produces melatonin is the

A) pancreas.
B) pineal gland.
C) parathyroid gland.
D) adrenal gland.
E) testes.

Question 19

The hypothalamus is both part of the brain/central nervous system and part of the endocrine system.

Question 20

The endocrine gland that controls homeostasis in terms of blood glucose levels is the

A) parathyroid gland.
B) adrenal gland.
C) pineal gland.
D) pancreas.
E) testes.

Question 21

Hyperthyroidism

A) is caused by iodine deficiency.
B) can cause elevated heart rate.
C) leads to weight gain.
D) is not a problem clinically.
E) is caused by removal of the thyroid.

Question 22

Observing a patient who has been given an experimental drug,you notice that it constricts blood vessels and slows digestion,making its effects similar to those of

A) calcitonin.
B) epinephrine.
C) insulin.
D) glucagon.
E) testosterone.

Question 23

The hormone oxytocin is produced by the _____________________ and targets the _________________.

A) hypothalamus; mammary glands
B) anterior pituitary; mammary glands
C) anterior pituitary; pancreas
D) hypothalamus; pancreas
E) posterior pituitary; mammary glands

Question 24

The hormone prolactin is produced by the _____________________ and targets the _______________.

A) anterior pituitary; mammary glands
B) anterior pituitary; pancreas
C) posterior pituitary; kidney
D) posterior pituitary; mammary glands
E) posterior pituitary; pancreas

Question 25

All of the glands of the vertebrate endocrine system are regulated by the

A) hypothalamus and pons.
B) hypothalamus and pituitary gland.
C) cerebrum and medulla oblongata.
D) pineal gland and pituitary gland.
E) cerebellum and pituitary gland.

Question 26

Which of the following has its primary effect on the brain's pain receptors?

A) adredocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
B) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)
C) endorphins
D) oxytocin
E) antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 27

If you heard of a newly discovered class of steroid hormones,which property would be most surprising?

A) They are lipid-soluble.
B) They alter gene expression.
C) They bind to a receptor inside the cell's cytoplasm or nucleus.
D) They bind to a receptor on the surface of the cell.
E) They are chemically closest to testosterone.

Question 28

The hormone that primarily maintains the composition of body fluids is

A) antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
B) prolactin.
C) oxytocin.
D) luteinizing hormone (LH).
E) thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).

Question 29

The hormone that stimulates liver cells to release stored glucose is

A) insulin.
B) calcitonin.
C) aldosterone.
D) glucagon.
E) melatonin.

Question 30

Which of the following hormones is released by the posterior pituitary gland?

A) insulin
B) thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
C) oxytocin
D) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
E) None of the answer choices is correct.

Question 31

Steroid hormones

A) are typically lipid-soluble.
B) typically do not bind to a surface receptor on a target cell.
C) pass through cell membranes.
D) typically alter gene expression.
E) All of the answer choices are correct.

Question 32

If you radioactively labelled ADH,where would you expect to find the radioactivity after the hormone had been allowed to circulate?

A) pancreas
B) mammary gland
C) testes
D) kidney
E) ovaries

Question 33

Working as a pathologist,you are told that a corpse is from a person who lived and died in an area where food is generally severely deficient in iodine.You would make sure to look near the neck of this person for evidence of

A) hepatitis.
B) goiter.
C) acromegaly.
D) diabetes.
E) osteoporosis.

Question 34

Which hormones is(are)primary endocrine product(s)of the ovaries?

A) estrogen and follicle-stimulating hormone
B) follicle-stimulating hormone and testosterone
C) progesterone and testosterone
D) estrogen and follicle-stimulating hormone
E) estrogen and progesterone

Question 35

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)and luteinizing hormone (LH)are produced by the

A) pancreas.
B) anterior pituitary gland.
C) pineal gland.
D) hypothalamus.
E) posterior pituitary gland.

Question 36

Lipid-soluble steroid hormones are synthesized from

A) cholesterol.
B) amino acids.
C) nucleotides.
D) proteins with large amounts of tryptophan.
E) sucrose.

Question 37

To prevent swollen thyroid glands,many nations add iodine to

A) milk.
B) soda pop.
C) salt.
D) processed meats.
E) orange juice.

Question 38

A person suffering from acromegaly produces too much ___________ as a(n)______________.

A) testosterone; child
B) testosterone; adult
C) growth hormone; child
D) growth hormone; adult
E) insulin; child

Question 39

Peptide hormones

A) bind to a receptor in the cytoplasm of a target cell.
B) are typically lipid-soluble.
C) are typically water-soluble and bind to a receptor in the cytoplasm of a target cell.
D) are typically water-soluble.
E) are typically lipid-soluble and bind to a receptor in the cytoplasm of a target cell.

Question 40

If you labelled the anterior pituitary with radioactivity,which hormone would you not expect to find containing radioactivity?

A) antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
B) luteinizing hormone (LH)
C) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
D) thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
E) adredocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Question 41

Prednisone has a chemical structure similar to what?

A) amino acids
B) cholesterol
C) nucleotides
D) proteins with large amounts of tryptophan
E) sucrose

Question 42

Prednisone would be most similar to which of the following?

A) cortisol
B) insulin
C) thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
D) oxytocin
E) glucagon

Question 43

People having severe allergic reactions to bee stings and specific foods should carry with them a self-injectable dose of

A) penicillin.
B) insulin.
C) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).
D) epinephrine.
E) oxytocin.

Question 44

Some adult weight lifters dope with human growth hormone.What effect would this have on their bodies?

A) They would gain muscle.
B) They would become taller.
C) They would become smarter.
D) They would become lighter and faster.
E) Their limbs would become longer.

Question 45

The human parathyroid gland regulates which of the following in blood?

A) calcium
B) glucose
C) insulin
D) glucocorticoid
E) melatonin

Question 46

If a physician recommends frequent,small meals with low-carbohydrate and high-protein content,the patient most likely suffers from

A) hypoglycemia.
B) goiter.
C) osteoporosis.
D) hyperglycemia.
E) diverticulitis.

Question 47

If you were working on a comatose patient suffering from extreme hypoglycemia,you would try to find the cause by asking a friend of the patient if they knew of a history of either

A) too much insulin being produced.
B) too little insulin being produced.
C) insufficient carbohydrate intake or too much insulin production.
D) insufficient carbohydrate intake.
E) insufficient carbohydrate intake or too little insulin production.

Question 48

Neurotransmitters and hormones never share the same target cells.

Question 49

Insulin is a peptide hormone.Which of the following would occur in a muscle cell exposed to insulin?

A) Intracellular insulin levels would increase.
B) Intracellular glucose levels would decrease.
C) It would contract.
D) It would secrete glucagon.
E) Intracellular second messenger molecule levels would increase.

Question 50

The two hormones produced by the thyroid are thyroxine and triiodothyronine.

Question 51

The adrenal glands are found at the top of the

A) ovaries.
B) pancreas.
C) kidneys.
D) thyroid gland.
E) liver.

Question 52

Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone have effects which generally oppose one another.

Question 53

Insulin is

A) used to treat diabetes mellitus.
B) produced by the pancreas.
C) produced by islets of Langerhans.
D) produced by beta cells.
E) All of the answer choices are correct.