Deck 18: Protists

Question 1

A woman was told by her doctor that while she is pregnant,she might want to let someone else care for her cats so she would not contract toxoplasmosis through which mechanism?

A) exposure to infected cat feces
B) fleas that transmit toxoplasmosis
C) scratches from infected claws
D) infection from mice the cat may bring into the house
E) infection from saliva

Answer 1

A

Question 2

A protective layer made of rigid or elastic protein strips surrounding the cell membrane of euglenoids is a

A) cell wall.
B) pseudopodium.
C) gullet.
D) flagellum.
E) pellicle.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Which group of protists consume CO₂ and produce O₂ for much of Earth,serving as the base of food webs in lakes,streams,and the oceans?

A) radiolarians
B) protozoa
C) amoeba
D) slime mold
E) algae

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Mitochondria in algae are thought to have arisen from which source?

A) Algae don't have mitochondria.
B) aerobic bacteria
C) cyanobacteria
D) anaerobic bacteria
E) photosynthetic viruses

Question 5

The engulfment of food particles by a heterotrophic protist cell is

A) chemotaxis.
B) phagocytosis.
C) pseudopodia.
D) organotaxis.
E) cytokinesis.

Question 6

Euglena and dinoflagellates have chloroplasts and flagella.This means they are which of the following?

A) multicellular and mobile
B) photosynthetic
C) mobile
D) multicellular
E) photosynthetic and mobile

Question 7

Silica walls are characteristic of

A) red algae.
B) diatoms.
C) slime molds.
D) euglenoids.
E) brown algae.

Question 8

DNA sequence evidence suggests that plants,fungi,and animals arose from different lineages of unicellular protists.This suggests which of the following?

A) Multicellular organisms only arose once in evolutionary history.
B) Protists arose before the other three kingdoms.
C) All unicellular organisms are now extinct.
D) Early ancestors to plants, fungi, and animals could interbreed.
E) The animal, plant, and fungal kingdoms contain some single-celled organisms.

Question 9

The Irish potato famine in the mid-1840s was caused by a heterotrophic protist,Phytophthora infestans,which was successful in widespread infection of potato plants,largely because it was

A) a fungus, which has filaments very similar to water and slime molds.
B) a protozoan, with flagella, and swimming to potato plants in wet seasons, engulfing and digesting the potato cells.
C) a diatom, with a silica shell allowing it to survive the soil conditions in which potatos grow as specialized roots.
D) a red algae, able to perform photosynthesis, allowing its cells to spread from the coast to potato farm fields.
E) a water mold, and its soft, fleshy filaments benefitted from several rainy seasons.

Question 10

Euglena have chloroplasts and can perform phagocytosis.Euglena would be considered which of the following?

A) detritovores
B) heterotrophs and detritovores
C) autotrophs and heterotrophs
D) autotrophs
E) heterotrophs

Question 11

A substance produced by brown algae that is used as an emulsifying and thickening agent in many foods and other products is

A) algin.
B) agar.
C) carageenan.
D) red ooze.
E) gelatin.

Question 12

The microscopic food that supports the ocean's vast food webs is

A) golden and brown algae.
B) All of the answer options are correct.
C) green algae.
D) euglenoids.
E) dinoflagellates.

Question 13

A contractile vacuole is not

A) used to pump water out of a cell.
B) used to pump water into a cell.
C) None of the answer choices are correct.
D) found in Paramecium.
E) an organelle.

Question 14

Some protozoa have cell structures that are formed as temporary extensions of the cell membrane,allowing the cell to detect and respond to their environment,and to catch and engulf food.These extensions are called

A) pseudopodia.
B) flagella.
C) cilia.
D) spikes.
E) antennae.

Question 15

Protists

A) do not have a nucleus.
B) all have a cell wall.
C) are eukaryotes.
D) do not have membrane-bounded organelles.
E) are prokaryotes.

Question 16

While on a field trip near the ocean coastline,you visit a company that harvests jellylike substance from protists.This substance can be used as food,or in biology lab dishes for culturing organisms that have red-blue pigments,and store starch like plants.The company extracts the substance from multicellular plant-like organisms.You are observing the economic values of

A) agar and carrageenan, which are both economic commodities from protists.
B) red ooze from decaying protist cells.
C) gelatin, which makes up the cytosol of most cells.
D) carrageenan, a polysaccharide.
E) agar, a polysaccharide.

Question 17

Which algae group has the largest multicellular forms?

A) brown algae
B) diatoms
C) red algae
D) golden algae
E) green algae

Question 18

In malaria,Plasmodium falciparum grow inside of which human cells?

A) liver and red blood cells
B) liver and intestinal cells
C) intestinal cells
D) red blood cells
E) liver cells

Question 19

Chloroplasts in algae are thought to have arisen from which source?

A) cyanobacteria
B) anaerobic bacteria
C) aerobic bacteria
D) photosynthetic viruses
E) aerobic fungi

Question 20

In malaria,Plasmodium falciparum grow inside of human cells.As such,they are which of the following?

A) autotrophs and phototrophs
B) phototrophs
C) autotrophs
D) heterotrophs and autotrophs
E) heterotrophs

Question 21

African sleeping sickness is caused by Trypanosoma brucei,a unicellular flagellated protist that infects red blood cells after being injected into the bloodstream.Trypanosoma brucei is which of the following?

A) an apicomplexan
B) an alga
C) a diatom
D) a protozoan
E) a slime mold

Question 22

One reason that malaria continues to be the world's most significant infectious disease is because Plasmodium falciparum continues to develop resistance to the drugs that have been used to treat malaria.This is due to which of the following?

A) The antimalarial drugs cause mutations to occur in the mosquito.
B) Some mosquitoes have preexisting mutations that make them resistant to antimalarial drugs.
C) Some people have preexisting mutations that make them resistant to antimalarial drugs.
D) Some Plasmodium falciparum have preexisting mutations that make them resistant to antimalarial drugs.
E) The antimalarial drugs cause mutations to occur in Plasmodium falciparum.

Question 23

Malaria is caused by Plasmodium falciparum,a nonmotile protist that contains a cluster of microtubules at one end of the cell.Once injected into the bloodstream,these microtubules are used to attach to red blood cells.In areas of the world where malaria is endemic,people have a relatively high incidence of the allele for

A) sickle cell.
B) cystic fibrosis.
C) blue eyes.
D) mental retardation.
E) hemophilia.

Question 24

Entamoeba histolytica can cause amoebic dysentery.It moves using pseudopodia,can only feed by phagocytosis,and is unicellular.Entamoeba histolytica is which of the following?

A) a slime mold
B) an apicomplexan
C) a diatom
D) a protozoan
E) an alga

Question 25

Chlamydomonas is multicellular,produces motile haploid sperm,and is photosynthetic.Chlamydomonas is which of the following?

A) an apicomplexan
B) a slime mold
C) a green alga
D) a protozoan
E) a diatom

Question 26

The white cliffs of Dover are composed mostly of foraminiferans shells.These organisms move by pseudopodia and feed by phagocytosis.Foraminiferan shells are made of which of the following?

A) chitin
B) cellulose
C) peptidoglycan
D) silica
E) calcium carbonate

Question 27

Trichonympha is a unicellular flagellated protist that lives within termites and allows the termite to be able to "digest" wood.Trichonympha is which of the following?

A) an alga
B) an apicomplexan
C) a slime mold
D) a protozoan
E) a diatom

Question 28

Malaria is caused by Plasmodium falciparum,a nonmotile protist that contains a cluster of microtubules at one end of the cell.Once injected into the bloodstream,these microtubules are used to attach to red blood cells.Plasmodium falciparum is which of the following?

A) a protozoan
B) a slime mold
C) an alga
D) a diatom
E) an apicomplexan

Question 29

The white cliffs of Dover are composed mostly of foraminiferans shells.These organisms move by pseudopodia and feed by phagocytosis.Foraminiferans are an example of which of the following?

A) a diatom
B) an apicomplexan
C) an alga
D) a slime mold
E) a protozoan

Question 30

Cryptosporidium is an apicomplexan that can contaminate water supplies.In recreational waters,a rapid outbreak may occur.Which of the following would you predict to be the cause of a Cryptosporidium outbreak?

A) It will be difficult to treat with chlorine because it forms cysts.
B) It will enter a person's body through their respiratory tract.
C) It can grow in any water supply because it is photosynthetic.
D) It can only be transmitted by insect bites because it is nonmotile.
E) It spreads rapidly because it has flagella.

Question 31

Dictyostelium discoideum is an unusual organism,one that straddles the boundary between the unicellular and the multicellular.Its feeding phase consists of individual amoeba-like cells that move independently,feeding on bacteria by phagocytosis.When the food runs out,cells begin to aggregate into a multicelled structure that migrates toward light.The cells differentiate into a base,stalk,and spores; only the spores survive to colonize a new habitat.Dictyostelium discoideum is which of the following?

A) a heterotroph and detritovore
B) a heterotroph and autotroph
C) a detritovore
D) an autotroph
E) a heterotroph

Question 32

Diatoms are a type of algae,but with a hard silica shell.Which of the following structures would you expect to find directly underneath the silica shell?

A) a cell wall
B) a plasma membrane
C) a chloroplast
D) a nucleus
E) a mitochondrion

Question 33

Based on the theory of endosymbiosis,which of the following would you expect to find in a chloroplast?

A) a mitochondrion
B) DNA
C) silica
D) cellulose
E) a nucleus

Question 34

When Abrams and Townsend investigated the natural selection of copepods that avoid predation of bioluminescent dinoflagellates,which of the following best states the hypothesis they were testing?

A) The bioluminescent dinoflagellates produce enough light that they can also photosynthesize at night, harming the copepods.
B) Copepods that avoid bioluminescent dinoflagellates have a smaller chance of being eaten by predators than do copepods that remain near and feed on the bioluminescent dinoflagellates.
C) The light emitted by bioluminescent dinoflagellates is of sufficient wavelength and energy to be dangerous to feeding copepods.
D) None of the answer choices are correct.
E) Bioluminescent flagellates benefit from selection of flashing, because it startles the copepods.

Question 35

Within the typical sexual reproduction of green algae,the genetic composition of the sporophyte form of the protist is

A) None of the answer choices are correct.
B) reproduced through mitosis, after the zygote single cell has formed.
C) 1n, or haploid, because the sporophyte follows meiosis.
D) limited to the DNA found within the chloroplasts, because the sporophyte is a dormant form of the protist.
E) 2n, or diploid, because the sporophyte follows fertilization, growing and differentiating through numerous cell cycles.

Question 36

Dictyostelium discoideum is an unusual organism,one that straddles the boundary between the unicellular and the multicellular.Its feeding phase consists of individual amoeba-like cells that move independently,feeding on bacteria by phagocytosis.When the food runs out,cells begin to aggregate into a multicelled structure that migrates toward light.The cells differentiate into a base,stalk,and spores; only the spores survive to colonize a new habitat.What is the advantage of forming spores?

A) Spores can mate with other species.
B) Spores are smaller and can be transported to new habitats.
C) The spores are photosynthetic.
D) The spores will eat the other cells.
E) Spores have flagella and can swim to new habitats.

Question 37

Malaria is caused by Plasmodium falciparum,a nonmotile protist that contains a cluster of microtubules at one end of the cell.Once injected into the bloodstream,these microtubules are used to attach to red blood cells.Malaria is transmitted by

A) the bite of a sand fly.
B) the bite of a tsetse fly.
C) the bite of a mosquito.
D) the bite of a kissing bug.
E) ingesting food.

Question 38

Trichonympha is a unicellular flagellated protist that lives within termites and allows the termite to be able to "digest" wood.Trichonympha is which of the following?

A) a heterotroph
B) a detritovore
C) an autotroph
D) a heterotroph and detritovore
E) a heterotroph and autotroph

Question 39

Where in a diatom would you find their yellowish photosynthetic pigment?

A) in chloroplasts
B) in the nucleus
C) in the plasma membrane
D) in the cell wall
E) in the cytoplasm

Question 40

In the experiment studying bioluminescence and the predation of copepods by fish,a control group of jars with bioluminescent dinoflagellates experienced a higher predation rate of copepods by stickleback fish than in the jars with nonbioluminescent dinoflagellates.This provided significant evidence that

A) All of the answer choices are correct.
B) copepods that would eat dinoflagellates benefit from fleeing when the protists bioluminesce.
C) dinoflagellates can avoid being eaten by increasing the flashing, and attracting predators to eat the copepods near them.
D) natural selection has favored the survival of dinoflagellates that can emit light in flashes when disturbed.
E) natural selection has favored the survival of copepods that move rapidly away from flashing bioluminescent dinoflagellates.

Question 41

Golden algae,diatoms,and brown algae contain yellowish pigments.

Question 42

Slime molds may exist as either single amoeboid cells or large masses of cells that behave as one multicellular organism.

Question 43

A dinoflagellate has both a transverse flagellum and longitudinal flagellum.

Question 44

Water molds are unlike fungi in that water molds have diploid filaments and cell walls containing cellulose,whereas fungi have haploid filaments and cell walls containing chitin.

Question 45

The correct sequence in body forms and life stages occurring in alternation of generations in green algae protists is

A) sporophyte - meiosis division - spores - mitotic division - gametophytes - gametes - fertilization - zygote.
B) initial protist cell - engulfed aerobic bacterium - mitochondrion - engulfed cyanbacterium - chloroplast - mature protist.
C) gametocytes - gametes - fertilization - zygote - sporozoite - transformation - merozoite.
D) stalk - fruiting body - spores - free cells - slug.
E) None of the answer choices are correct.

Question 46

All protists are single-celled.

Question 47

Alternation of generations means having alternating,multicelled haploid and diploid phases in a life cycle.

Question 48

Protists can be heterotrophs.

Question 49

Protists can be autotrophs.