Deck 9: Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis

Question 1

An example of a haploid cell is a

A) sperm cell.
B) stem cell.
C) zygote.
D) All of the answer choices are correct.
E) skin cell.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

In humans,germ cells are located in the

A) ovaries and bone marrow.
B) bone marrow.
C) ovaries.
D) testes.
E) testes and ovaries.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

If human gametes were diploid

A) the products of fertilization would have more chromosomes than their parents.
B) the products of fertilization would have fewer chromosomes than their parents.
C) the products of fertilization would have the same number of chromosomes as their parents.
D) the embryo would be diploid.
E) fertilization could not occur.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

A cell with two full sets of chromosomes would be termed a _______________ cell.

A) somatic
B) germ
C) sister
D) haploid
E) diploid

Question 5

A desert plant called Kalanchoe can reproduce,either with sexual reproduction through flowers,or asexually by budding off miniature leaf and root clusters from its leaves.When buds are produced,they land on the ground,take root,and grow,genetically identical to the original.If budding is used for several years,a large area may be covered with these descendents from the same original plant.The resulting population of plants will

A) adapt to environmental change, by shifting from asexual budding to conjugation, so they can sexually reproduce.
B) be more strongly able to adapt to environmental change, compared to the Kalanchoe that are reproducing sexually.
C) None of these answer options represent a likely response to environmental change.
D) not be as strongly able to adapt to environmental change, compared to the Kalanchoe that are reproducing sexually.
E) automatically experience more genetic mutations, so that some of the plants will survive environmental change.

Question 6

In biology lab,you are observing specimens of muscle cells and nerve cells,as examples of

A) germ cells.
B) gametes.
C) somatic cells.
D) zygotes.
E) haploid cells.

Question 7

If a sperm cell combines with an egg cell,then the result is a

A) duplicated chromosome.
B) gamete.
C) gametophyte.
D) haploid cell.
E) diploid cell.

Question 8

The process by which a bacterium uses a sex pilus to transfer genetic information to another bacterium is

A) conjugation.
B) replication.
C) apomixis.
D) mitosis.
E) parthenogenesis.

Question 9

Sexual reproduction is important to the survival of a species in a changing environment because

A) sexual reproduction requires only one individual to survive and produce germ cells.
B) All of the answer choices are correct.
C) sexual reproduction requires less overall energy expenditure than asexual reproduction.
D) sexual reproduction produces genetically identical individuals.
E) sexual reproduction produces genetically variable individuals in the population.

Question 10

Suppose a researcher halts a cell undergoing mitosis in interphase.The chromosomes are in the 2n state,

A) with the diploid chromosome set viewable in a karyotype.
B) easily viewable in a karyotype.
C) because they have already formed gametes.
D) meaning the cell is diploid.
E) because the cell is haploid.

Question 11

A diploid germ cell reduces its chromosome number by half to generate four haploid nuclei in

A) replication.
B) mitosis.
C) fertilization.
D) meiosis.
E) parthenogenesis.

Question 12

In humans,specialized cells that produce gametes are

A) germ cells.
B) All of the answer choices are correct.
C) somatic cells.
D) sperm cells.
E) egg cells.

Question 13

Meiosis is a process that produces

A) All of the answer choices are correct.
B) sperm cells.
C) haploid cells.
D) egg cells.
E) gametes.

Question 14

A zygote

A) has a diploid set of homologous chromosomes.
B) has mixed chromosomes from two gametes.
C) All answer choices are correct, except for being a cell produced by meiosis divisions.
D) is a cell produced by meiosis divisions.
E) is formed by fertilization.

Question 15

The process that merges the gametes from two parents is

A) conjugation.
B) mitosis.
C) meiosis.
D) parthenogenesis.
E) fertilization.

Question 16

A cell with one set of chromosomes would be termed a ________________ cell.

A) sister
B) diploid
C) haploid
D) None of the answer choices are correct.
E) somatic

Question 17

The abbreviation n indicates that a cell is

A) somatic cells.
B) autosomes.
C) diploid.
D) the X and Y chromosomes.
E) haploid.

Question 18

In human male cells,the only pair of unmatched homologous chromosomes

A) All of the answer choices are correct.
B) pair up during prophase I.
C) are sex chromosomes.
D) contain different genes.
E) are the X and Y chromosomes.

Question 19

Diploid means having

A) the somatic cells have all chromosomes except the sex chromosomes.
B) two complete sets of homologous chromosomes.
C) one complete set of chromosomes in each gamete.
D) both the allele and the autosome form of chromosomes.
E) a single set of chromosomes not having homologous pairs.

Question 20

In humans during meiosis,a diploid germ cell reduces its chromosome number by half to generate __________ haploid nuclei.

A) 4
B) 23
C) 2
D) 3
E) 46

Question 21

Alternate forms of the same gene

A) do not occur in the same individual.
B) are sister chromatids.
C) do not exist.
D) are homologs.
E) are alleles.

Question 22

In meiosis,paired homologs align down the center of the cell during

A) anaphase II.
B) metaphase I.
C) metaphase II.
D) prophase II.
E) prophase I.

Question 23

In a cell dividing by meiosis,DNA is replicated

A) between meiosis I and again before meiosis II.
B) during prophase I.
C) before meiosis I.
D) during prophase II.

Question 24

In meiosis,chromosomes containing sister chromatids (not homologous chromosomes)align along the center of the cell during

A) prophase I.
B) metaphase II.
C) metaphase I.
D) interphase II.
E) prophase II.

Question 25

The chromosomal combination for a human female is

A) YY.
B) XY.
C) XYY.
D) None of the answer choices are correct.
E) XX.

Question 26

Meiotic cell division replicates a cell's DNA ____________ and then divides ______________

A) twice; twice.
B) once; once.
C) None of the answer choices are correct.
D) twice; once.
E) once; twice.

Question 27

Identify the correct comparison between the human X and Y chromosomes.

A) The X chromosome is larger than the Y chromosome.
B) Only the Y chromosome is always found without a homologous match.
C) Only the X chromosome is paired with a homologous match in human females.
D) Although both are sex chromosomes, they do not share the same genes.
E) All of the answer choices are correct.

Question 28

Mitotic cell division creates identical copies by replicating a cell's DNA __________ and then dividing ____________

A) twice; twice.
B) None of the answer choices are correct.
C) once; once.
D) twice; once.
E) once; twice.

Question 29

The process by which homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material

A) is independent assortment.
B) occurs only during DNA replication.
C) occurs only in animals.
D) is crossing over.
E) is random fertilization.

Question 30

The chromosomal combination for a human male is

A) YY.
B) XXX.
C) XX.
D) XO.
E) XY.

Question 31

In meiosis I,cytokinesis usually occurs after telophase I and produces

A) one diploid cell.
B) four haploid cells.
C) two haploid cells.
D) two diploid cells.
E) one haploid cell.

Question 32

In meiosis II,cytokinesis results in the production of

A) two haploid daughter cells.
B) two diploid daughter cells.
C) four haploid daughter cells.
D) four diploid daughter cells.
E) one daughter cell identical to the parent cell that underwent meiosis.

Question 33

In meiosis,homologous chromosomes separate during

A) anaphase II.
B) metaphase I.
C) anaphase I.
D) prophase I.
E) prophase II.

Question 34

Among humans,you can observe that there is variability in shape (size),skin color,and other traits.The variety in a small population results from ___ in sexual reproduction and meiosis.

A) independent assortment
B) random fertilization
C) All of the answer choices are correct.
D) crossing over

Question 35

In meiosis,homologous chromosomes align next to one another during

A) prophase I.
B) prophase II.
C) interphase I.
D) metaphase I.
E) metaphase II.

Question 36

The chromosome content of most human cells does not include

A) a pair of non-homologous X and Y chromosomes (in males).
B) 2 pairs of sex chromosomes.
C) 23 pairs of chromosomes.
D) a pair of homologous X chromosomes (in females).
E) 22 pairs of autosomes.

Question 37

The human chromosomes that do not determine whether an individual is male or female are

A) called sex chromosomes.
B) None of the answer choices are correct.
C) the X and Y chromosomes.
D) not found in pairs.
E) autosomes.

Question 38

All sexual life cycles include

A) mitosis, gamete formation, and fertilization.
B) mitosis, fertilization, and meiosis.
C) None of the answer choices are correct.
D) meiosis, gamete formation, and fertilization.
E) mitosis, meiosis, and gamete formation.

Question 39

In meiosis,the separated sister chromatids move to opposite poles of the cell during

A) metaphase I.
B) telophase I.
C) metaphase II.
D) anaphase I.
E) anaphase II.

Question 40

Chromosomes that look alike and carry the same sequence of genes for the same traits,such as these shown from two parents,are

A) the X and Y chromosome.
B) found in females only.
C) all the autosomes.
D) homologous chromosomes.
E) found in males only.

Question 41

Which of the following will occur in meiosis but not in mitosis?

A) DNA replication
B) cytokinesis
C) crossing over
D) metaphase
E) chromosome condensation

Question 42

In humans,the sex of a child is determined by the

A) number of autosomes in the egg.
B) number of autosomes in the sperm.
C) number of X chromosomes in the egg.
D) sex chromosome in the egg.
E) sex chromosome in the sperm.

Question 43

If you mate a donkey (2n = 62)with a horse (2n = 64)you get a mule.Mules are sterile and cannot produce gametes by meiosis because they

A) contain too few chromosomes.
B) have an odd number of chromosomes.
C) have an even number of chromosomes.
D) contain too many chromosomes.
E) lack genes that are essential for life.

Question 44

A gamete having more than one complete set of paired chromosomes

A) is polyploid.
B) cannot be produced by meiosis.
C) is not yet through meiosis.
D) will undergo mitosis.
E) cannot participate in fertilization.

Question 45

If a haploid cell goes through meiosis,it will generate

A) four diploid cells.
B) two diploid cells.
C) two haploid cells.
D) four haploid cells.
E) This isn't possible.

Question 46

Among variations in people,those who have a single X chromosome are female,while those with XXY sex chromosomes are males.In order to be a female,a human

A) must have paired XX chromosomes.
B) cannot have a Y chromosome.
C) must have one X chromosome.
D) must have two X chromosomes.
E) must have one Y chromosome.

Question 47

A diploid cell with 4 chromosomes would produce which of the following after meiosis,assuming variability occurred due to crossing over or other abnormalities in the process?

A) four genetically identical diploid gametes
B) two genetically distinct types of haploid gametes
C) two genetically distinct types of diploid gametes
D) four genetically distinct types of haploid gametes
E) four genetically distinct types of diploid gametes

Question 48

Genes A and B are on the same chromosome.What gametes could an AABB individual produce,if no crossing over,nondisjunction or other abnormalities in meiosis occur?

A) B
B) AABB
C) AB
D) A
E) AAB

Question 49

A species has 6 chromosome pairs in each diploid cell.How many genetically unique gametes could be produced from sexual reproduction in this species,accounting only for independent assortment?

A) 16
B) 64
C) 9
D) 36
E) 8

Question 50

Discern which statement below is not a correct link in human gamete production.

A) Gametogenesis produces gametes in human testes and ovaries.
B) Gametes form after meiosis, in the process of parthenogenesis.
C) Human eggs are produced by oogenesis in the ovaries.
D) Meiosis to form eggs is only completed if an egg cell is fertilized.
E) Human sperm are formed through spermatogenesis in the testes.

Question 51

Nondisjunction may cause

A) Klinefelter syndrome.
B) Turner syndrome.
C) trisomy 21.
D) All of the answer choices are correct.
E) Jacobs syndrome.

Question 52

Genes A and B are on the same chromosome.What gametes could an AABB individual produce,if crossing over,nondisjunction or another abnormalities in meiosis occur?

A) A, if a deletion occurs
B) AABB, if polyploidy occurs
C) AB, with no abnormality occurs
D) AAB, if duplication occurs
E) All of the answer choices are correct.

Question 53

If a chromosome in one of your bone cells becomes mutated,you will not pass this mutation onto your children because

A) germ cells cannot undergo mitosis.
B) germ cells cannot undergo meiosis.
C) somatic cells cannot undergo mitosis.
D) somatic cells cannot undergo meiosis.

Question 54

You have an opportunity in biology lab to observe the prepared,stained karyotypes of a stallion,a mare,and their foal offspring horses.Banding patterns of some of the autosomes from the foal match those of the stallion,while others from the foal match those of the mare.This variability is produced in meiosis due to

A) mutation.
B) non-random fertilization.
C) semi-conservative replication.
D) random fertilization.
E) random alignment of chromosome pairs.

Question 55

How many of the mother's chromosomes are present in the egg before it is fertilized?

A) 1
B) 23
C) 46
D) 4
E) 2

Question 56

Most cultivated bananas are triploid.How could these be generated from diploid parent banana plants?

A) fertilization of a diploid somatic cell by a haploid sperm
B) nondisjunction in meiosis followed by normal fertilization
C) fertilization of a haploid egg by two haploid sperm
D) nondisjunction in mitosis followed by normal fertilization
E) fertilization of a haploid egg by a haploid sperm

Question 57

What is the major advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction?

A) simpler form of reproduction
B) genetic variability during an ecological disaster
C) faster reproduction
D) genetic variability when the environment is stable
E) requirement of less energy

Question 58

Why does sexual reproduction produce more genetic variability in a population than asexual reproduction?

A) Organisms arising from sexual reproduction can change their genetic material in response to environmental changes.
B) Offspring are identical to one parent, when produced through sexual reproduction.
C) Sexually reproducing organisms mutate more rapidly during DNA replication than asexually reproducing organisms.
D) Sexually reproducing organisms mix parental genetics in addition to crossing over, random alignment and other modifications.
E) In sexual reproduction, the parents exchange genetic material of the nuclei, thus increasing their variability.

Question 59

Genes A and B are on the same chromosome.The genes have alleles A and B on one homologous chromosome,and the alleles a and b on its paired homolog.How could an individual with this allele arrangement produce a gamete with a chromosome containing the alleles Ab or aB?

A) crossing over
B) random fertilization
C) independent assortment
D) mitosis
E) fragmentation of the chromosome

Question 60

In plants,haploid gametophytes produce gametes by

A) non-disjunction.
B) mitosis.
C) meiosis.
D) sporulation.
E) fertilization.

Question 61

A female missing an X chromosome (XO)would have Turner syndrome.

Question 62

Pollen contains _____ that produce _____

A) gametophytes; sperm.
B) sperm; spores.
C) sporophytes; sperm.
D) gametophytes; spores.
E) sporophytes; spores.

Question 63

If a human zygote has either 45 or 47 chromosomes it might be assumed that this was due to nondisjunction.

Question 64

There are two divisions in meiosis resulting in four daughter cells.

Question 65

In humans,the egg provides the mitochondria to the zygote.In plants which organelles would be provided by the egg and not by the sperm?

A) chloroplasts and mitochondria
B) mitochondria
C) nuclei and chloroplasts
D) chloroplasts
E) nuclei

Question 66

Identical twins result from a single fertilization to form a zygote,which then splits into two genetically identical embryos.

Question 67

If a diploid sperm fertilizes a diploid egg it will produce a ____ zygote.

A) triploid
B) tetraploid
C) hexaploid
D) diploid
E) haploid

Question 68

A male having an extra X chromosome (XXY)would have Turner syndrome.

Question 69

The number of chromosomes in a daughter cell produced by mitosis is the same as the number of chromosomes in the parent cell.

Question 70

In meiosis,homologous chromosomes pair up,allowing crossing over to occur.

Question 71

In mitosis,homologous chromosomes do not pair up.

Question 72

If a human zygote has either 45 or 47 chromosomes,it might be assumed that this was due to nondisjunction.

Question 73

The movement of a section of DNA from a chromosome to a non-homologous chromosome is an example of

A) translocation during meiosis.
B) nondisjunction during meiosis.
C) crossing over during meiosis.
D) translocation during mitosis.
E) random alignment during mitosis.

Question 74

A size-ordered chart,containing images of all the chromatids (chromosomes)of a cell,is

A) used to detect damages to chromatids.
B) used to show autosomes and sex chromosomes.
C) All of the answer choices are correct.
D) used to detect genetic abnormalities such as trisomy.
E) a karyotype.

Question 75

If a woman in her late forties wants to have a baby and seeks medical advice,she would most likely be advised that she is at much greater risk of having a baby with Klinefelter's syndrome.

Question 76

Plants have an intermediate body form called a sporophyte that undergos meiosis.The cells produced grow,through mitosis,into another intermediate body form called a gametophyte,which divides by mitosis to form gametes.The gametes fertilize,and the zygote grows,through mitosis,into another sporophyte.This form of a sexual life cycle is referred to as

A) germination.
B) polyploidy.
C) crossing over.
D) an asexual life cycle.
E) alternation of generations.

Question 77

The number of chromosomes in a daughter cell produced by meiosis is the same as the number of chromosomes in the parent cell.

Question 78

In contrast to human X and Y chromosomes,autosomes

A) include the X and Y sex-associated chromosomes in humans.
B) are non-homologous, self-expressing chromosomes.
C) are homologous chromosomes found in both sexes.
D) are chromosomes that do not usually mutate during meiosis.
E) All of the answer choices are correct.

Question 79

In plants,sporophytes undergo meiosis to produce ____ spores.

A) triploid
B) tetraploid
C) haploid
D) diploid
E) fertilized

Question 80

Without genetic diversity,a population might more easily fall victim to parasites and pathogens.