Deck 4: The Cell Cycle

Question 1

Microtubules are

A)affected by cancer-fighting chemicals such as Taxol.
B)responsible for formation of the contractile ring.
C)involved in cell plate formation.
D)only built up to make longer and longer microtubules.
E)important during interphase of the cell cycle.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

All of the terms listed below occur during interphase except

A)G₁ phase.
B)cytokinesis.
C)chromosome replication.
D)G₂ phase.
E)S phase.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

If you view a cell in which the genetic material is beginning to be visible as separate bodies, and the nucleolus has disappeared from view, you may surmise that the cell is in

A)telophase.
B)anaphase.
C)prophase
D)metaphase
E)interphase.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Match the following structures with the proper description.
13. __ centromers
14. __chromosomme
15. __ Kinetochore
16. __ chromatid
A. separate, duplicated structures composed of DNA visible under the microscope
B. a duplicated strand of DNA held to ts duplicate by a centromers
C. a proteinaceous bard holding duplicate copies of the genetic material
D. a structure that holds the sister chromatids to the spindle fibers

Question 5

What structure holds the sister chromatids to the spindle fibers?

A)kinetochore
B)centromere
C)chromatin
D)cyclin
E)MPF

Question 6

Cytokinesis in plant cells differs from cytokinesis in animal cells because

A)the contractile protein, actin, is important only in plant cells.
B)a contractile ring forms only in plant cells.
C)in plant cells, the cell plate must also divide into two parts.
D)plant cells have a rigid cell wall.
E)there is no difference.

Question 7

In humans, a gene that has been identified as causing a type of skin cancer is the

A)mutant superman.
B)sonic hedgehog.
C)superhero aardvark.
D)superwoman echidna.
E)mutant mole rat.

Question 8

Pairs of chromosomes that are similar in size and genetic composition are

A)chromatids.
B)diploid.
C)haploid.
D)chromatin.
E)homologous chromosomes.

Question 9

If an organism's diploid chromosome number is 18, how many different possible combinations of homologous chromosomes lining up during meiosis exist for the eggs or sperm produced by that organism?

A)9
B)18
C)36
D)128
E)512

Question 10

Match the following phases of the cell cycle with the appropriate activity.
9. ___
10. ___
11. ___M
12. ___

A. DNA is replicated.
B. The cell divides,
C. Each orgarelle divides in half.
D. Proteins necessary for mitosis are formed.
E. New proteins and cell components are made.

Question 11

Special cells found in the gonads that give rise to gametes upon division are called

A)germ cells.
B)somatic cells.
C)stem cells.
D)basal cells.
E)egg cells.

Question 12

The process in which the cell actually divides is called

A)mitosis.
B)meiosis.
C)cytokinesis.
D)actin.
E)cell plate formation.

Question 13

Spindle fibers

A)are composed of DNA.
B)only appear during interphase.
C)attach to the ends of chromosomes.
D)connect chromosomes to the center of the cell.
E)are used to organize and move chromosomes during mitosis.

Question 14

In what phases is the genetic material in the cell correctly referred to as chromatids?

A)interphase and telophase
B)metaphase and prophase
C)anaphase and metaphase
D)metaphase and telophase
E)interphase and prophase

Question 15

Skin cancers typically develop in the

A)lower layers of the epidermis.
B)upper layers of the dermis.
C)upper layers of the epidermis.
D)lower layers of the dermis.
E)subcutaneous layer.

Question 16

After the DNA is replicated, and it condenses in prophase, two identical rods of DNA are seen. These are

A)chromatids.
B)centromeres.
C)spindle fibers.
D)kinetochores.
E)chromatin.

Question 17

Match the following examples with mitosis, meiosis, or both
1. __ occurs insomatic cells
2. __ guestis to gametes
3. __ generally produces 4 daughter cells
4. __ required chromosome replication, must be complete beforehand
5. __ produces genetically identical daughter cells

Question 18

At the end of metaphase I, separate.

A)homologous chromosomes
B)haploid chromatids
C)sister chromatids
D)centrioles
E)germ cells

Question 19

At the end of meiosis I, the resulting two cells are

A)identical in all ways.
B)genetically identical.
C)genetically different.
D)hexaploid.
E)prepared to enter interphase so the chromosomes can be replicated.

Question 20

The text discusses at least two chemotheraputic drugs used for treating cancer. Can you describe how these drugs were originally obtained? Use your answer to provide one rationale for preserving the diversity of species on the planet.

Question 21

The gene that is disrupted to cause Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome in humans is closely related to a gene in a species of fruit fly. What does this tell you about the diversity of life-forms on the planet and their origin? What does this tell you about the importance of understanding the genetic makeup of all organisms?

Question 22

Explain why radiation affects cancerous cells to a greater degree than noncancerous cells.

Question 23

List the two major differences between meiosis and mitosis. What is the significance of these events?

Question 24

Describe the events that occur during metaphase.

Question 25

Describe the difficulty in distinguishing a cell in the late stages of prophase and the early stages of metaphase.

Question 26

A protein's structure often plays an important role in its function. Describe how the shapes of the sonic hedgehog protein and the cell surface protein coded for by the patched gene work together to control normal cell division. How is this altered in a person with Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome or in a person that has been exposed to too much UV radiation?

Question 27

Match the following phases with the proper description.
17. ___
18. ___
19. __ mitosis
20. __
21. __cytokinesis
A. a period in which the cell manufactures cellular molecules in preparation for
replication of the genetic material.
B. a period in which the cell prepared for division
C. the actual division of the genetic material
D. the actual splitting of the cytoplasm of the two daughter cells
E. Replication of DNA

Question 29

Describe the difference between cytokinesis in animal and plant cells.

Question 30

Why are chemotherapy and radiation therapy more effective on cancerous cells than normal cells?

Question 31

How does a person with Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome differ genetically from a person who has developed basal cell carcinomas from too much exposure to sunlight?

Question 32

Explain why there is a difference in the mechanism by which an animal cell and a plant cell accomplishes cytokinesis.

Question 33

If a normal cell contains 36 chromosomes, how many chromatids are present during alignment? How many strands of DNA? How many genetically unique strands of DNA?

Question 34

Describe the function of the mitotic spindle.

Question 35

Give a short, concise description of the difference between mitosis and meiosis.