Deck 7: Genes, Proteins, and Genetic Engineering

Question 1

All of the following can lead to cancer except

A)mutagens.
B)Bacteria.
C)mutations.
D)UV radiation.
E)carcinogens.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The anticodon

A)is found on mRNA.
B)has the same sequence as the codon.
C)is a sequence found on DNA.
D)helps the ribosome begin translation.
E)helps bring in the correct amino acid to add to the growing polypeptide chain.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

We refer to the DNA code as being redundant or repetitive. This means that

A)each triplet codes for one amino acid.
B)some codons code for the same amino acid.
C)one codon codes for one amino acid.
D)each triplet codes for a different amino acid.
E)a single triplet may code for more than one amino acid.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The AT3 protein that Harry Meade was working with.

A)is important to aid in clot formation.
B)has never been cloned.
C)can prevent blood clots from forming.
D)is found only in sheep.
E)is produced in the salivary glands.

Question 5

The two subunits of the ribosome join during

A)initiation of translation.
B)promotion of transcription.
C)elongation.
D)termination of translation.
E)termination of transcription.

Question 6

Organisms carrying genes from another species are called

A)transformed.
B)transgenic.
C)cancerous.
D)hybrids.
E)vectors.

Question 7

What form of RNA carries instructions from the nucleus to the ribosome?

A)tRNA
B)mRNA
C)sRNA
D)rRNA
E)bRNA

Question 8

When looking at a table depicting the genetic code, the base sequences signify

A)DNA.
B)mtDNA.
C)mRNA.
D)tRNA.
E)rRNA.

Question 9

The three-base sequence of DNA codes for

A)one protein.
B)one strand of mRNA.
C)one amino acid.
D)one polypeptide.
E)one strand of tRNA.

Question 10

In recombinant DNA technology, enzymes used to precisely cut DNA are called

A)DNA ligases.
B)restriction enzymes.
C)DNA polymerases.
D)RNA polymerases.
E)vectors.

Question 11

The "language" of the genetic code of RNA uses an alphabet of

A)nucleotide bases.
B)proteins.
C)amino acids.
D)Sugars.
E)phosphate molecules.

Question 12

Promoters

A)determine the start of DNA strand separation.
B)are required to end transcription.
C)are a sequence of RNA nucleotides.
D)are involved in determining the start of translation.
E)aid in complementary base pairing.

Question 13

The "language" of the genetic code of DNA uses an alphabet of

A)nucleotide bases.
B)proteins.
C)amino acids.
D)sugars.
E)phosphate molecules.

Question 14

DNA and RNA are similar in that both

A)contain the same sugar.
B)are double-stranded molecules.
C)contain nitrogenous bases.
D)are in the form of a double-helix.
E)are very long molecules.

Question 15

In DNA, cytosine bonds to guanine. In RNA, cytosine bonds to

A)thymine.
B)cytosine.
C)uracil.
D)guanine.
E)adenine.

Question 16

To determine whether gene transfer has been successful, one would add

A)nutrient broth to the medium.
B)plasmids to the culture dish.
C)amino acids to the culture dish.
D)antibiotics to the culture dish.
E)DNA to the medium.

Question 17

A component of bacteria that are often used in biotechnology are

A)operons.
B)introns.
C)exons.
D)polypeptides.
E)plasmids.

Question 18

tRNA molecules are composed of

A)DNA.
B)nucleotides.
C)amino acids
D)polypeptides.
E)lipids.

Question 19

Ultraviolet light can cause permanent changes in genes. These changes are called

A)mutations.
B)enzymes.
C)fibrin.
D)promoters.
E)polypeptides.

Question 20

In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the

A)cell membrane.
B)cytoplasm.
C)mitochondria.
D)nucleus.
E)ribosome.

Question 21

What enzymes are used to cut DNA molecules? How do they work?

Question 22

The anticodon of the tRNA molecule base pairs with

A)DNA.
B)mRNA.
C)amino acids.
D)polypeptides.
E)rRNA.

Question 23

What is the importance of a cell being able to regulate gene expression?

Question 24

What types of mutations are the most harmful, and why?

Question 25

Based on what you know about the genetic code, list one or two codons that would most likely code for the same amino acid. This is a hypothetical question; don't look at the table showing the genetic code.

Question 26

First, give the amino acid sequence for the following DNA segment: AATCGAGGTACA. If a base substitution mutation occurred in this segment of DNA, would the resultant amino acid chain be affected?

Question 27

Compare and contrast DNA and RNA.

Question 28

If a certain stretch of DNA reads ATTACGAG, what would the corresponding tRNA sequence be?

Question 29

If a certain stretch of DNA reads ATTACGAG, what would the corresponding amino acid sequence be?

Question 30

Explain the concept "the genetic code is almost universal." Why is it important?

Question 31

What enzyme is used to "glue" together the ends of cut pieces of DNA?

A)DNA polymerase
B)RNA polymerase
C)DNA ligase
D)restriction enzymes
E)protease