Deck 11: Single-Celled Life

Question 1

Prokaryotes differ from eukaryotes in that they

A)have flagella.
B)lack DNA.
C)have chloroplasts and mitochondria.
D)lack a nuclear envelope.
E)have cell walls.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Some bacteria can form resting structures called ___________ that can withstand extremes in temperature, moisture, and radiation.

A)prions
B)symbionts
C)capsids
D)viroids
E)endospores

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Members of the Archaea differ from members of the Bacteria (or eubacteria)in that only the members of the Archaea have

A)different lipids in their membranes.
B)a nuclear membrane.
C)enzymes to carry out respiration in their plasma membranes.
D)a peptidoglycan cell wall.
E)a variety of morphologies, including cocci and vibrios.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which form of bacterial cells is rod shaped?

A)spirilla
B)cocci
C)vibrios
D)bacilli
E)rhodius

Question 5

What gram-positive organisms are the smallest living cells?

A)actinomycetes
B)halophiles
C)prions
D)mycoplasmas
E)cyanobacteria

Question 6

What term is used to describe bacteria that can only live in the absence of oxygen?

A)aerobes
B)anaerobes
C)oxyphiles
D)oxyphobes
E)methanogens

Question 7

Prions are composed of

A)DNA.
B)RNA.
C)protein.
D)DNA and protein.
E)DNA, RNA, and protein.

Question 8

What is the main difference between protists and bacteria?

A)Protists are unicellular, bacteria are multicellular.
B)Bacteria have DNA, protists do not.
C)Protists cannot cause infections, bacteria can
D)Protists have a nucleus, bacteria do not
E)Bacteria are always gram-negative, protists are gram-positive

Question 9

Rickettsias belong to which major group of bacteria?

A)proteobacteria
B)cyanobacteria
C)viruses
D)Archaea
E)spirochetes

Question 10

In bacteria, the cell wall is composed mainly of

A)peptidoglycans.
B)lipids.
C)glycoproteins.
D)proteins.
E)various polysaccharides.

Question 11

Most bacteria are

A)symbionts.
B)heterotrophs.
C)chemoautotrophs.
D)photoautotrophs.
E)microbial predators.

Question 12

What differentiates gram-positive bacteria from gram-negative bacteria?

A)the presence of a nucleus
B)the presence of ribosomes
C)the composition of the cell wall
D)the shape of the cells
E)the method of reproduction

Question 13

Which of the following is not true of mycoplasmas?

A)They are the smallest truly living organisms.
B)They are members of the domain Bacteria.
C)They only inhabit multicelled organisms.
D)Although classified as gram-positive, they lack cell wall.
E)They can be pathogenic, causing pneumonia and urinary tract infections.

Question 14

Kelps are a form of what group of protists?

A)brown algae
B)slime molds
C)water molds
D)ciliates
E)dinoflagellates

Question 15

Considering DNA sequence similarities and common pigments, the _____ are the most likely ancestor of land plants.

A)euglenoids
B)dinoflagellates
C)brown algae
D)red algae
E)green algae

Question 16

All viruses have

A)DNA and protein.
B)RNA and protein.
C)DNA and either RNA or protein.
D)protein and either RNA or DNA.
E)RNA and either DNA or protein.

Question 17

The organism that causes malaria

A)is a multicellular protozoan.
B)is the anopheles mosquito.
C)attacks the protein globin in skin cells.
D)is a single-celled protozoan.
E)causes the overproduction of red blood cells.

Question 18

Mad cow disease is caused by an infectious protein, also known as a(n)

A)endospore.
B)rickettsia.
C)virion.
D)prion.
E)viroid.

Question 19

Malarial parasites' favorite food source is

A)chitin.
B)collagen.
C)myosin.
D)hemoglobin.
E)fibrinogen.

Question 20

The ________ resemble the ancestor of all animals.

A)choanoflagellates
B)dinoflagellates
C)amoeboflagellates
D)euglenoids
E)ciliates

Question 21

Organisms are included in the Protists (or Protoctista)based on what features?

Question 22

Discuss how the world might be different without bacteria.

Question 23

Halophiles are able to survive

A)under any extreme environmental condition.
B)in extremely high salt concentrations.
C)at very high temperatures.
D)by producing methane.
E)at very cold temperatures.

Question 24

Each of the following is a common shape of prokaryote except

A)vibrios.
B)spirilla.
C)cilia.
D)bacilli.
E)cocci.

Question 25

Cyanobacteria play a tremendous ecological role. Among other things, they are responsible for

A)removing tons of oxygen from the atmosphere.
B)converting nitrogen in the soil to nitrogen gas.
C)providing usable forms of carbon and nitrogen for other organisms.
D)killing harmful bacteria in soil.
E)producing many antibiotics.

Question 26

In viruses, the capsid

A)is composed of DNA or RNA.
B)destroys the viral DNA or RNA.
C)is never present.
D)consists of many genes.
E)may be involved in attachment of the virus.

Question 27

Discuss some of the differences between organisms in the domains Bacteria and Archaea.

Question 28

Prokaryotes reproduce

A)very slowly.
B)via binary fission.
C)sexually.
D)such that one of the offspring is always much larger than the other.
E)via binary fusion.

Question 29

What benefits do plant-eating animals receive from the bacteria that live in their guts?

Question 30

Most members of the domain Archaea are

A)found in common environments.
B)strictly aerobic.
C)anaerobes.
D)very similar to complex eukaryotic cells.
E)many-celled organisms.

Question 31

All but one of the following are false regarding protists. Identify the true statement.

A)All protists are single-celled organisms.
B)Protists are prokaryotic.
C)Protists have cell walls composed mainly of peptidoglycans.
D)Most protists are single-celled organisms; some are multicellular.
E)Protists do not have the ability to move on their own.

Question 32

Why are infections caused by viruses so much more difficult to treat or cure than those caused by bacteria?

Question 33

Match each disease to its infectious agent.
6. __ RNA-base diseases in plants
7. __ malaria
8. __ Lyme disease and syphilis
9. __ Mad cow disease
10. __ influenza and smallpox
A. prion
B. viroid
C. virus
D. bacterium
E. protozoan

Question 34

Match characteristic to Protistan group.
11. ___ Are only muticellular when food is scarce
12. ___ Cause “red tides”
13. ___ Soure of agar and carrageenan
14. ___ Unpigmented cells with multiple nuclei, produces swimming spores
15. ___ Helps with plant like bodies and transport tissues
A. red algae
B. brown algae
C. cellular slime molds
D. watermolds (Oomycota)
E. dinofalgellates

Question 35

The common human parasite Giardia lamblia

A)can cause diarrhea.
B)is a bacterium.
C)multiplies very slowly.
D)uses pseudopodia for locomotion.
E)is involved in many heart attacks.

Question 36

Endospores form

A)when the environmental conditions are favorable.
B)during binary fission.
C)as a means of genetic recombination.
D)in response to adverse conditions.
E)to produce two offspring from every one parental cell.

Question 37

Match the following examples with the correct descriptive term.
21. __ General term describing transfer of genetic material from one bacterium to
another
22. __ Means by which bacteria reproduce
25. __ Genetic transfer between two bacteria involving cell to cell contact
24. __ Transfer of naked DNA from one bacterium into another
25. __ Requires a virus
A. conjugation
B. binary fission
C. transduction
D. genetic recombination
E. transformation

Question 38

When a person visits the doctor with a bacterial infection, one of the first lab tests on the patient will tell the doctor whether the bacteria are gram-negative or gram-positive. Why is this important information for a doctor to have before deciding on treatment?

Question 39

Explain how bioremediation works, using an oil spill as an example.

Question 40

According to the old Linnaean scheme of classifying the living world into either animals or plants, any organism that could photosynthesize was considered a plant. What kingdoms in the new system contain photosynthetic organisms and what criteria are now used to group them?

Question 41

Red tides are caused by

A)formaniferans.
B)dinoflagellates.
C)many different organisms from many different classification groups.
D)sea weeds.
E)ciliates.

Question 47

If you looked at an electron microscope picture of a true bacterium and an archaebacterium, you probably couldn't tell which was which. Yet they are classified into separate kingdoms, and more recently, in separate domains. In what ways are these organisms fundamentally different?