Deck 29: Reproduction and Embryonic Development

Question 1

Which of these cells is diploid (2n)?

A) first polar body
B) spermatid
C) secondary oocyte
D) sperm
E) primary oocyte

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Animals with both male and female reproductive systems are

A) hermaphroditic.
B) chimeric.
C) parthenogenetic.
D) asexual.
E) menopausal.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The inner lining of the uterus is the

A) cervix.
B) endometrium.
C) placenta.
D) fimbria.
E) chorion.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which one adaptation was most important in enabling animals to reproduce on land?

A) penis
B) shelled egg with extraembryonic membranes
C) placenta
D) gametes
E) copulation

Question 5

Which of these is viviparous?

A) salmon
B) parrot
C) bullfrog
D) crayfish
E) moose

Question 6

Sperm are produced

A) by Sertoli cells.
B) in the epididymis.
C) by interstitial cells.
D) in the seminiferous tubules.
E) in the seminal vesicles.

Question 7

The male gonad is the _____,and the female gonad is the _____.

A) ovary; testis
B) vagina; penis
C) testis; uterus
D) testis; ovary
E) penis; vagina

Question 8

Secondary sex characteristics in males develop due to the influence of

A) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).
B) progesterone.
C) human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG).
D) estrogen.
E) testosterone.

Question 9

Which lists the structures a secondary oocyte must pass through on its way out of a woman's reproductive tract?

A) oviduct, uterus, vagina
B) vagina, oviduct, uterus
C) vagina, uterus, oviduct
D) uterus, oviduct, vagina
E) oviduct, vagina, uterus

Question 10

Which of these correctly traces the path of a sperm from its origin to the point at which it leaves the male reproductive tract?

A) testis $\rarr$ epididymis $\rarr$ vas deferens $\rarr$ ejaculatory duct $\rarr$ urethra
B) epididymis $\rarr$ vas deferens $\rarr$ testis $\rarr$ urethra $\rarr$ ejaculatory duct
C) testis $\rarr$ epididymis $\rarr$ vas deferens $\rarr$ urethra $\rarr$ ejaculatory duct
D) vas deferens $\rarr$ epididymis $\rarr$ testis $\rarr$ ejaculatory duct $\rarr$ urethra
E) testis $\rarr$ vas deferens $\rarr$ epididymis $\rarr$ ejaculatory duct $\rarr$ urethra

Question 11

Which of the following mammalian structures is derived from one of the extraembryonic membranes?

A) placenta
B) uterus
C) ovary
D) cervix
E) labia

Question 12

The fingerlike projections of the oviducts are the

A) fimbriae.
B) chorionic villi.
C) labia.
D) follicles.
E) acrosomes.

Question 13

Which of these serves as the female organ of copulation and as the birth canal?

A) uterus
B) oviduct
C) ovary
D) vagina
E) urethra

Question 14

During the first half of the human ovarian cycle

A) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) promotes the development of estrogen-secreting follicles.
B) luteinizing hormone (LH) promotes the development of a progesterone-secreting corpus luteum.
C) the corpus luteum reaches its maximum size and progesterone output then shrinks.
D) there are high levels of both estrogen and progesterone.
E) ovulation occurs on each consecutive day.

Question 15

Which of these does not contribute significantly to the contents of the semen?

A) testis
B) seminal vesicle
C) urethra
D) prostate gland
E) bulbourethral gland

Question 16

How does follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)affect the male reproductive system?

A) promotes testosterone production
B) causes erection
C) promotes spermatogenesis
D) stimulates ovulation
E) triggers ejaculation

Question 17

Sperm mature in the

A) prostate gland.
B) testis.
C) penis.
D) vas deferens.
E) epididymis.

Question 18

Unfertilized eggs of female Komodo dragons may develop to produce a young Komodo dragon.This is an example of

A) parturition.
B) assisted reproduction.
C) parthenogenesis.
D) abiogenesis.
E) copulation.

Question 19

Which of these is not part of the female reproductive system?

A) oviduct
B) uterus
C) vagina
D) vas deferens
E) ovary

Question 20

Ovulation usually occurs on day _____ of a woman's cycle.

A) 0
B) 7
C) 14
D) 21
E) 28

Question 21

Which of the listed embryonic stages is the earliest?

A) gastrula
B) blastocyst
C) neurula
D) morula
E) 8-cell stage

Question 22

This birth control device consists of a small piece of plastic that is inserted into the uterus by a health care provider.

A) cervical cap
B) IUD
C) diaphragm
D) female condom
E) vaginal sponge

Question 23

The hollow,fluid-filled ball of cells that develops from the morula is the

A) neurula.
B) zygote.
C) somite.
D) blastocyst.
E) gastrula.

Question 24

If a woman has been diagnosed with genital warts,she should be examined regularly for

A) cervical cancer.
B) liver cancer.
C) pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).
D) gummas.
E) skin cancer.

Question 25

Which list contains the correct sequence of structures a sperm nucleus must penetrate in order to fertilize an egg?

A) egg plasma membrane $\rarr$ follicle cells $\rarr$ zona pellucida
B) follicle cells $\rarr$ egg plasma membrane $\rarr$ zona pellucida
C) follicle cells $\rarr$ zona pellucida $\rarr$ egg plasma membrane
D) egg plasma membrane $\rarr$ zona pellucida $\rarr$ follicle cells
E) zona pellucida $\rarr$ follicle cells $\rarr$ egg plasma membrane

Question 26

Which is the extraembryonic membrane that serves as the first site of blood cell formation for the embryo?

A) chorion
B) allantois
C) amnion
D) yolk sac
E) zona pellucida

Question 27

The first two months of human development are referred to as the _____ period.

A) fetal
B) blastocyst
C) implantation
D) cleavage
E) embryonic

Question 28

The second half of the ovarian cycle is termed the _____ phase.

A) ovulatory
B) follicular
C) luteal
D) menstrual
E) menopausal

Question 29

What is the assisted reproductive technology that involves the placement of harvested sperm in a woman's vagina by a physician?

A) IVF
B) AID
C) GIFT
D) ICSI
E) IUD

Question 30

Which of these places the events of the menstrual cycle in the correct order?

A) menstrual phase $\rarr$ secretory phase $\rarr$ proliferative phase $\rarr$ ovulation
B) menstrual phase $\rarr$ ovulation $\rarr$ secretory phase $\rarr$ proliferative phase
C) menstrual phase $\rarr$ proliferative phase $\rarr$ ovulation $\rarr$ secretory phase
D) menstrual phase $\rarr$ proliferative phase $\rarr$ secretory phase $\rarr$ ovulation
E) menstrual phase $\rarr$ ovulation $\rarr$ proliferative phase $\rarr$ secretory phase

Question 31

If a woman has an untreated case of chlamydia,it may likely lead to

A) gummas.
B) liver failure.
C) buboes.
D) blisters on the genitals.
E) pelvic inflammatory disease.

Question 32

Which STD is caused by a protozoan?

A) chlamydia
B) genital herpes
C) trichomoniasis
D) gonorrhea
E) hepatitis

Question 33

The failure of a couple to achieve pregnancy after a year of regular,unprotected intercourse is termed

A) parthenogenesis.
B) menopause.
C) contraception.
D) infertility.
E) abortion.

Question 34

Which STD is caused by a virus?

A) chlamydia
B) syphilis
C) trichomoniasis
D) gonorrhea
E) genital warts

Question 35

Which of the following is 100% effective against both pregnancy and STDs?

A) vasectomy
B) female condom
C) diaphragm
D) tubal ligation
E) abstinence

Question 36

If a man has such severe infertility that his sperm are incapable of penetrating an oocyte and achieving fertilization,then the best assisted reproductive technology for him and his partner would be

A) IVF.
B) AID.
C) GIFT.
D) ICSI.
E) E.IUD.

Question 37

There is an old joke that goes,"What do you call a couple who practices coitus interruptus? Parents!" Is there any truth to this joke?

A) Yes, because coitus interrupts is only practiced by couples who already have children.
B) No, because coitus interruptus is the most effective means of birth control.
C) Yes, because coitus interruptus is one of the least effective means of birth control.
D) No, because coitus interruptus is not only a highly effective means of birth control, it also protects against STDs.
E) Yes, because a coitus interruptus is only effective if carefully inserted before intercourse.

Question 38

Which of these cells is haploid (n)?

A) zygote
B) oogonium
C) spermatogonium
D) primary spermatocyte
E) secondary oocyte

Question 39

A birth control pill works by

A) inhibiting FSH and LH production.
B) making the woman's reproductive tract toxic to sperm.
C) stimulating FSH and LH production.
D) destroying the endometrium.
E) immunizing the woman against human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG).

Question 40

Which of these is mismatched?

A) ovulation - luteinizing hormone (LH) peaks
B) menstruation - follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) peaks
C) secretory phase - progesterone peaks
D) menstruation - progesterone declines
E) proliferative phase - estrogen levels rise

Question 41

What structure allows for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between mother and fetus?

A) Chorionic villi
B) Umbilical cord
C) Placenta
D) Chorion
E) Amnion

Question 42

The embryo (and later the fetus)is connected to the placenta by the

A) umbilical cord.
B) placental tube.
C) somite.
D) chorionic villi.
E) vas deferens.

Question 43

In the figure shown here,which of the following is the bulbourethral gland?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 44

The brain and spinal cord develop from the

A) endoderm.
B) neural tube.
C) notochord.
D) neural crest.
E) somites.

Question 45

Which statement is correct about the placenta?

A) The placenta allows for free exchange of blood from the fetus to the mother but not the other direction
B) The placenta allows for free exchange of blood from the mother to the fetus but not the other direction
C) The placenta allows for a limited exchange of gases from the fetus to the mother but a free exchange from the mother to the fetus
D) The placenta does not allow the exchange of blood between the fetus and mother but allows the exchange of gases
E) The placenta does not allow the exchange of blood or gases between the fetus and mother

Question 46

The bladder originates from

A) ectoderm only.
B) mesoderm only.
C) endoderm only.
D) both mesoderm and endoderm, but not ectoderm.
E) ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm.

Question 47

In the figure shown here,which of the following is the prostate gland?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 48

Which of the following structures does not belong to the reproductive system?

A) oviduct
B) ovary
C) cervix
D) bladder
E) vagina

Question 49

Which type of assisted reproductive technology allows the doctor to evaluate the embryo for genetic defects before they are used?

A) ICSI
B) AID
C) IVF
D) GIFT
E) It is impossible to test the embryo for genetic diseases prior to assisted reproductive technology.

Question 50

If a pregnant woman wanted to know the sex of her fetus as soon as possible,she could have ultrasound in the _____ month.

A) first
B) third
C) sixth
D) eighth
E) ninth

Question 51

A pregnant woman has passed her due date,and her cervix is dilated.This indicates which stage of childbirth?

A) first
B) second
C) third
D) fourth
E) fifth

Question 52

What percentage of infertility is attributed to problems associated with both the male and female in the couple?

A) 20%
B) 40%
C) 90%
D) 10%
E) 30%

Question 53

If you could mark the ectoderm of a mouse embryo so that all tissues and organs descended from ectoderm were easily identifiable,where would you expect to find the marker?

A) skeletal muscles and dermis
B) cardiovascular and reproductive systems
C) nervous system and epidermis
D) lining of the digestive and respiratory tracts
E) urinary bladder and its lining

Question 54

In which stage of childbirth would a mother deliver the placenta?

A) first
B) second
C) third
D) fourth
E) fifth

Question 55

In which stage do the three germ layers form?

A) gastrula
B) blastocyst
C) neurula
D) morula
E) 8-cell stage

Question 56

Which organism is most likely to reproduce by fragmentation?

A) hydra
B) sponge
C) bird
D) honeybee
E) frog

Question 57

In the figure shown here,which of the following is the cervix?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 58

Which lifestyle is most likely to lead to infertility in a male?

A) a man who is a semiprofessional athlete
B) a man who works as a computer programmer and sits at a desk the majority of the day
C) a man who works as an mechanic
D) a man who works for a company that applies pesticides to lawns
E) a man who works as a teacher