Deck 13: Endocrine System

Question 1

All hormones are

A)steroids.
B)proteins.
C)inorganic compounds.
D)organic compounds.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Steroid hormones

A)are soluble in lipids.
B)combine with protein receptor molecules.
C)cause messenger RNA synthesis.
D)all of the above.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Upregulation of a target cell can occur in response to

A)prolonged decrease in the level of a hormone.
B)prolonged increase in the level of a hormone.
C)signals from antagonistic hormone products.
D)signals from the posterior pituitary.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

A steroid hormone acts on a target cell by

A)causing a second messenger to be formed.
B)causing the cell to divide.
C)promoting phagocytosis.
D)directly causing protein synthesis.

Question 5

Hormones

A)regulate metabolism.
B)have functions in growth,reproduction,and development.
C)help regulate water and electrolyte balance and blood pressure.
D)do all of the above.

Question 6

Compared to the nervous system,the endocrine system

A)does not use receptors.
B)may have a longer lasting effect.
C)takes only seconds.
D)is not essential to life.

Question 7

A sweat gland is an example of a(n)_______ gland.

A)exocrine
B)paracrine
C)endocrine
D)autocrine

Question 8

A nonsteroid hormone acts on a target cell by

A)causing synthesis of a second messenger.
B)stimulating cell division.
C)promoting phagocytosis.
D)directly causing protein synthesis.

Question 9

"Endocrine" means

A)hormone synthesis.
B)internal secretion.
C)acts upon target cells.
D)fast-acting compounD.

Question 10

Secretions that affect only nearby cells are termed

A)endocrine.
B)paracrine.
C)exocrine.
D)autocrine.

Question 11

Exocrine glands differ from endocrine glands in that exocrine glands

A)secrete only into the bloodstream.
B)secrete only local hormones.
C)secrete through ducts or tubes to the body's exterior.
D)only secrete salts.

Question 12

The specificity of hormone action derives from

A)target cell receptors that are unique for each hormone.
B)target cell receptors that are unique for all steroid hormones.
C)target cell receptors that are unique for all nonsteroid hormones.
D)target cell receptors that bind only certain neurotransmitters.

Question 13

__________ controls hormone concentrations.

A)Positive feedback
B)Negative feedback
C)Muscle contraction
D)Exposure to sun

Question 14

A hormone has a half-life of 20 minutes.After an hour,___ percent of the original number of molecules remains.

A)0
B)12.5
C)25
D)50

Question 15

A hormone is a ______ and the target cell is __________.

A)protein that stimulates other cells;the source of hormone secretions
B)regulatory molecule that controls secretions of other cells;a cell that synthesizes hormones
C)molecule that has a metabolic effect on another cell;a cell that has receptors for specific hormones
D)molecule;a cell that does not have receptors

Question 16

An upregulated cell has an increase in

A)the amount of DNA in the nucleus.
B)the number of molecules the cell secretes.
C)the concentration of ligands that bind to the receptors.
D)the number of receptors available for binding.

Question 17

Down-regulation of a target cell can occur in response to

A)prolonged decrease in the level of a hormone.
B)prolonged increase in the level of a hormone.
C)signals from antagonistic hormone products.
D)signals from the posterior pituitary.

Question 18

Nonsteroid hormones cause _________________ in their target cells.

A)cyclic AMP to become ATP
B)cyclic AMP to be decomposed
C)activation of adenylate cyclase
D)inactivation of adenylate cyclase

Question 19

A hormone with an effect that lasts for days would have a

A)short half-life.
B)no half-life.
C)long half-life.
D)whole life.

Question 20

Hormones that the posterior pituitary secretes are synthesized in the

A)posterior pituitary.
B)hypothalamus.
C)thalamus.
D)anterior pituitary.

Question 21

_________ inhibits secretion of prolactin.

A)Dopamine from the hypothalamus
B)Insulin
C)Norepinephrine
D)Growth hormone

Question 22

Which of the following hormones primarily affects the reproductive organs?

A)Follicle-stimulating hormone
B)Adrenocorticotropic hormone
C)Prolactin-releasing factor
D)Growth hormone

Question 23

Which of the following hormones requires a releasing hormone from the hypothalamus for its secretion?

A)Oxytocin
B)Prolactin
C)Antidiuretic hormone
D)Melatonin

Question 24

Diabetes insipidus is caused by

A)insulin deficiency.
B)excess insulin.
C)ADH deficiency.
D)excess ADH.

Question 25

Maxwell has a very high metabolic rate,is skinny,and has protruding eyes.These are symptoms of

A)hypothyroidism.
B)hyperthyroidism.
C)hypoparathyroidism.
D)hyperparathyroidism.

Question 26

Jerry drinks a few beers and soon has to urinate.The alcohol has

A)inhibited secretion of ADH.
B)stimulated secretion of ADH.
C)inhibited secretion of ACTH.
D)stimulated secretion of ACTH.

Question 27

Melanocyte-stimulating hormone,which regulates the formation of melanin,is produced by the

A)intermediate lobe of the pituitary gland.
B)anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.
C)pineal gland.
D)the hypothalamus.

Question 28

Growth hormone signals the release of IGF-1 from the

A)pancreas.
B)liver.
C)spleen.
D)pituitary glanD.

Question 29

Growth hormone

A)enhances the movement of amino acids into cells.
B)increases the rate of protein synthesis.
C)increases the rate of fat metabolism.
D)all of the above.

Question 30

Another name for antidiuretic hormone is

A)intermedin.
B)oxytocin.
C)vasopressin.
D)aldosterone.

Question 31

One of the hallmarks of Graves disease is

A)weight gain.
B)increased thirst.
C)decreased appetite.
D)goiter.

Question 32

Oxytocin is administered to women following childbirth to stimulate

A)less milk production.
B)uterine contractions.
C)uterine relaxation.
D)ACTH production.

Question 33

ADH and oxytocin are secreted by

A)neuromuscular cells.
B)neurons.
C)neuroglia.
D)neurosecretory cells.

Question 34

Nerve fibers in the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland secrete

A)thyroid-stimulating hormone.
B)adrenocorticotropic hormone.
C)growth hormone.
D)antidiuretic hormone.

Question 35

Target cells for releasing hormones are in the

A)hypothalamus.
B)anterior pituitary gland.
C)posterior pituitary gland.
D)thyroid glanD.

Question 36

Tropic hormones

A)only function in the tropics.
B)function in only one sex.
C)stimulate certain endocrine glands to secrete hormones.
D)block the actions of hormones that endocrine glands secrete.

Question 37

Growth hormone signals the release of

A)TGF.
B)PTH.
C)IGF-1.
D)FSH.

Question 38

The _______ secretes triiodothyronine.

A)adrenal gland
B)pancreas
C)parathyroid gland
D)thyroid gland

Question 39

Which of the following statements is correct with respect to T₃ and T₄?

A)T₄ has a higher free concentration in the plasmA.
B)T₄ is more important physiologically.
C)About one third of T₄ is converted to T₃ in peripheral tissues.
D)T₄ is more potent.

Question 40

The blood concentration of growth hormone

A)rises in females after menopause.
B)varies greatly in males during adulthood.
C)drops at puberty and rises after adolescence.
D)rises at puberty and levels off after adolescence.

Question 41

Hyperparathyroidism

A)stimulates excessive osteoclast activity,softening bones.
B)is most often caused by a tumor.
C)increases risk of spontaneous fractures.
D)all of the above.

Question 42

Cortisol is useful in controlling inflammation reactions because it

A)decreases the permeability of capillaries.
B)increases synthesis of prostaglandins.
C)destabilizes lysosomal membranes.
D)decreases blood flow.

Question 43

Hyposecretion of hormones from the adrenal cortex leads to

A)Cushing syndrome.
B)Addison disease.
C)buffalo hump.
D)moon face.

Question 44

The pineal gland is

A)located in the thyroid gland.
B)attached to an adrenal gland.
C)attached to the thalamus.
D)found along with digestive tissue in the pancreas.

Question 45

Infantile hypothyroidism results from

A)a deficiency of thyroid hormones at birth.
B)hyperthyroidism in an adult.
C)hypothyroidism in an adult.
D)lack of prolactin.

Question 46

Cushing syndrome

A)is caused by hypersecretion of cortical hormones.
B)decreases tissue protein.
C)elevates sodium concentrations.
D)all of the above.

Question 47

Hormones from the adrenal medulla increase

A)blood pressure.
B)heart rate.
C)breathing rate.
D)all of the above.

Question 48

Simple goiter is most prevalent where the soil lacks

A)organic matter.
B)vitamins.
C)iodine.
D)potassium.

Question 49

Cortisol

A)increases the permeability of capillary walls.
B)increases the permeability of lysosomal membranes.
C)stimulates the production of glucose from noncarbohydrates.
D)promotes the storage of amino acids in the form of proteins.

Question 50

Addison disease

A)lowers blood pressure.
B)decreases blood sodium levels.
C)increases blood potassium levels.
D)all of the above.

Question 51

In addition to a drop in blood calcium concentration,a symptom of hypoparathyroidism is

A)a rise in vitamin D concentration.
B)increased PTH secretion.
C)muscle cramps.
D)kidney stones.

Question 52

Secretion of glucagon causes

A)an increase in the formation of fat.
B)an increase in the permeability of the cell membrane to glucose.
C)an increase in the concentration of blood glucose.
D)an increase in glycogen.

Question 53

The hormone that stimulates calcium deposition into bone is

A)calcitonin.
B)parathyroid hormone.
C)thyroxine.
D)insulin.

Question 54

Thyroxine

A)reduces the rate at which carbohydrates are utilized.
B)enhances the rate at which proteins are synthesized.
C)inhibits responses of the nervous system.
D)inhibits the rate at which calcium enters body fluids.

Question 55

The secretion of parathyroid hormone is controlled primarily by the

A)hypothalamus.
B)concentration of blood calcium.
C)thyroid gland.
D)pituitary glanD.

Question 56

Which of the following has both endocrine and exocrine functions?

A)Pancreas
B)Anterior pituitary
C)Liver
D)Thyroid gland

Question 57

Graves disease,the most common form of hyperthyroidism,is caused by

A)a lack of iodine.
B)an excess of iodine.
C)an improper diet.
D)an autoimmune disorder.

Question 58

Aldosterone promotes the homeostasis of ions by causing the kidneys to

A)conserve sodium and excrete potassium.
B)excrete sodium and conserve potassium.
C)excrete sodium and potassium.
D)conserve sodium and potassium.

Question 59

A hormone that the adrenal medulla secretes is

A)mineralocorticoid.
B)glucocorticoid.
C)aldosterone.
D)none of the above.

Question 60

Secretion of insulin causes

A)a decrease in the concentration of blood glucose.
B)a decrease in the permeability of cell membranes to glucose.
C)an increase in the breakdown of glycogen to release glucose.
D)an increase in the concentration of blood glucose.

Question 61

Diabetes mellitus results in

A)protein in the urine.
B)urine with high osmotic pressure.
C)reduced urinary output.
D)low blood sugar.

Question 62

Pheromones differ from hormones in that

A)they are only found in plants and fungi.
B)they act only within an individual.
C)they are transmitted between members of the same species.
D)they are transmitted between members of different species.

Question 63

A person who is stressed usually has increased

A)activity of the spleen and other lymphatic organs.
B)number of lymphocytes in the blood.
C)resistance to infections.
D)blood pressure.

Question 64

A hormone is a secreted molecule that is carried in the bloodstream to where it acts on target cells that bear specific receptors for that hormone.

Question 65

The Edmonton protocol is

A)a way to replace the thyroid gland.
B)an infusion of hormones from the adrenal cortex.
C)a pancreatic islet transplant.
D)a type of insulin.

Question 66

Nonsteroid hormones include peptides,proteins,glycoproteins,and amines.

Question 67

As a result of the general stress response,blood concentrations of epinephrine

A)rise and cortisol fall.
B)fall and cortisol rise.
C)and cortisol rise.
D)and cortisol fall.

Question 68

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is caused by

A)excess sugar in the diet.
B)obesity.
C)a disorder of the immune system.
D)an effect of aging.

Question 69

In diabetes mellitus,

A)fatty acids and ketone bodies accumulate in the blood if untreated.
B)insulin must be taken or drugs given that help the body to utilize insulin.
C)the pancreas cannot produce insulin or the body cannot respond to it.
D)all of the above.

Question 70

Athletes abuse erythropoietin (EPO)because this hormone

A)decreases the number of red blood cells.
B)increases the number of white blood cells.
C)increases the number of red blood cells.
D)adds protein to plasma.

Question 71

The nervous system releases hormones at synapses and the endocrine system releases neurotransmitters into the bloodstream.

Question 72

The thymus gland secretes hormones called _____ that _______.

A)thyroxines;control metabolism
B)melatonins;control circadian rhythms
C)prostaglandins;control strength
D)thymosins;control production and differentiation of white blood cells

Question 73

An autocrine secretion affects cells far away.

Question 74

Irving,who is 78 years old,takes human growth hormone supplements to regain the strength of his youth.He may be disappointed,because the hormone has been shown only to

A)increase the red blood cell supply.
B)decrease fat and increase muscle mass,but not improve strength.
C)make him urinate more often.
D)increase his risk of cancer.

Question 75

The target cells of releasing hormones are in the anterior pituitary gland.

Question 76

With age,

A)levels of GH increase but of ADH decrease.
B)levels of GH decrease but of ADH increase.
C)levels of GH and ADH both decrease.
D)levels of GH and ADH both increase.

Question 77

Steroid hormones diffuse through cell membranes,then bind with receptors,whereas nonsteroid hormones bind receptors on the target cell membrane.

Question 78

Type 2 diabetes mellitus results from

A)a deficiency of insulin.
B)insensitivity of cells to insulin.
C)a deficiency of insulin and insensitivity of cells to insulin.
D)an infection.

Question 79

A tropic hormone prevents endocrine glands from releasing their hormones,thereby maintaining homeostasis.

Question 80

The hormone that the pineal gland secretes is

A)melanomA.
B)melatonin.
C)myostatin.
D)beta endorphin.