Deck 8: Nuclear Chemistry

Question 1

Which of the following reactions represents the nuclear equation for the alpha decay of Kr-76?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Answer 1

Question 2

A scintillation counter is more sensitive in measuring radiation than a Geiger counter.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Ultraviolet radiation is an example of ionizing radiation.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The half-life of a sample depends on the identity of the isotope and not the amount present while activity does depend on the amount of the sample.

Question 5

Background radiation is ionizing radiation emitted from natural sources and essentially cannot be avoided.

Question 6

What is the nuclear composition of ?

A)12 neutrons and 28 protons
B)12 neutrons and 16 protons
C)12 protons and 28 neutrons
D)12 protons and 16 neutrons

Question 7

What is the nuclear symbol for atom that contains 30 protons and 35 neutrons?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 8

The decay of 1 kg of uranium produces more energy than the combustion of an identical mass of uranium.

Question 9

The following image could illustrate the process of nuclear fusion.

Question 10

The fusion of deuterium ( ) and tritium ( ) holds some promise as a source of nuclear energy. If a neutron is produced, the other product of the reaction is .

Question 11

Consider the graph of activity versus time for a naturally occurring isotope. The half-life of this isotope is between 80 and 120 hours.

Question 12

The chemical symbol for a positron is:

Question 13

The following correctly applies to balancing nuclear equations.
"The sums of the mass numbers of the products and reactants must be equal."

Question 14

A reaction produces when one mole of reactant is converted to product. This reaction is likely to be a chemical reaction.

Question 15

The following represents a nuclear reaction.

Question 16

In medicine, an equivalent dose commonly has units of μCi while activity has units of mrem.

Question 17

The following image depicts beta decay.

Question 18

The following reaction would be classified alpha decay.

Question 19

In the following reaction, another name for the ion in the product would be a radical.

Question 20

The nuclear symbol for an americium atom with a mass number of 243 is:

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 21

Which of the following is true of nuclear fission but not nuclear fusion?

A)Large amounts of energy are produced during the reaction.
B)The mass of the products is less than the mass of the reactants.
C)The mass number of the product nuclei is larger than those of reactants.
D)Type of reaction used to generate electrical energy.
E)By products of the reaction do not pose serious health or storage threats.

Question 22

Which of the following would be classified as a particle?

A)X-rays
B)radio waves
C)ultraviolet light
D)beta radiation

Question 23

One person standing 10 m from a radiation source absorbs 1000 particles. A second person is standing 30 m from the same source, how many particles does the second person absorb? Assume that there is no difference in shielding between the two people.

A)1000 particles
B)333 particles
C)111 particles
D)33 particles
E)50 particles

Question 24

If you absorb 0.0056 rad of energy from neutrons that have a W_R of 8, what is the equivalent dose?

A)0.70 mrem
B)0.045 mrem
C)45 mrem
D)5.6 mrem
E)1.4 mrem

Question 25

Iodine-131 is used in the treatment of thyroid disorders. 1.0 μg of this isotope produces 3.5 mCi. If a patient is given a dose of 165 mCi, what mass of iodine-131 was in the sample?

A)0.021 μg
B)47 μg
C) μg
D) μg

Question 26

When uranium-235 fissions the energy is emitted

A)as the kinetic energy of high speed particles.
B)as gamma radiation.
C)as X-rays.
D)as a combination kinetic energy of high speed particles and gamma radiation.
E)as a combination of kinetic energy of high speed particles, X-rays, and gamma radiation.

Question 27

What is the element produced by the alpha decay of ²⁴³Am ?

A)Bk
B)Np
C)Pa
D)Es

Question 28

Which of the following correctly ranks the amount of energy produced in the reactions given from smallest to largest?

A)burn 1 g carbon < fission 1 g uranium < fusion 1 g hydrogen
B)fission 1 g uranium < burn 1 g carbon < fusion 1 g hydrogen
C)burn 1 g carbon < fusion 1 g hydrogen < fission 1 g uranium
D)burn 1 g carbon < fission 1 g uranium = fusion 1 g hydrogen

Question 29

Consider the process illustrated in the image below. Which of the following is true of this process?

A)The process illustrated is annihilation.
B)This process is used in radiation therapy.
C)Positrons have fairly long half-lives making for easy detection.
D)All of the statements are true of this process.

Question 30

Consider the following reaction. Which of the following is not true of this reaction?

A)The question mark represents γ.
B) is a metastable isotope.
C)Ionizing radiation is a product of the reaction.
D)a and b
E)a, b, and c

Question 31

The following decay occurs through the emission of

A)an alpha particle
B)a beta particle
C)a positron
D)a proton
E)neutron

Question 32

A patient received 67 mrem of radiation during a treatment. What is this equivalent dose in Sv?

A)67 Sv
B)0.67 Sv
C)0.00067 Sv
D)6.7 Sv

Question 33

Which of the following is not a form of ionizing radiation?

A)beta particles
B)gamma radiation
C)microwaves
D)X-rays
E)All are forms of ionizing radiation.

Question 34

The half-life of ¹⁴C is 5,700 years. In a living organism the ¹⁴C content is a constant of 0.22 Bq/g. If an unknown sample contains a ¹⁴C activity of about Bq/g , approximately how old is the sample?

A) yr
B) yr
C) yr
D) yr

Question 35

Which of the following radiation units takes into consideration the effect on biological systems?

A)Bq
B)Sv
C)Ci
D)rad

Question 36

Which of the measurements of activity given below is equivalent to 23 disintegrations per second?

A)23 Ci
B)23 Bq
C)23 Sv
D)23 rem

Question 37

Emission of which of the following does not produce a change in the identity of the element?

A)alpha
B)beta
C)gamma
D)positron
E)All produce a change in the identity of the element.

Question 38

Which of the following types of diagnostic tools does not use ionizing radiation?

A)MRI
B)CT
C)PET
D)X-rays

Question 39

The activity of 1.0 μg of fluorine-18 is 89 Ci. Which of the following is not equivalent to this activity?

A)8.9 × 10⁴ mCi
B)8.9 × 10⁷ μCi
C)3.3 × 10¹² Bq
D)3.3 × 10³ GBq
E)All of these quantities are equivalent.

Question 40

The half-life of is bromine-80 is 17.6 min. Approximately how long will it take for the activity of this isotope to drop from to 320 mCi to 10 mCi?

A)70 min
B)106 min
C)53 min
D)88 min
E)123 mi

Question 41

The image below is a representation of the formation of radical (X)by different types of radiation (1,2,and 3). Based on this diagram answer the following questions.
This type of radiation is useful for diagnostic imaging:
_____

Question 42

Write the nuclear equation for the beta decay of iodine-131.

Question 43

Write the nuclear equation for the fusion of carbon-11 and helium-4.

Question 44

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate term from the list below.
alpha
beta
gamma
___________________ radiation poses the smallest hazard if taken internally.

Question 45

A common questions asked of every patient admitted to a hospital is 'Have you experienced an unexpected/unintentional weight loss of 15 or more pounds in the last three months'. Why do think this is an important question to ask? What could it be alluding to?

Question 46

As the strength of a radioactive source increases, the likelihood of radiation damage

A)decreases.
B)increases.
C)remains constant.

Question 47

Write the nuclear equation for the positron emission of carbon-11.

Question 48

If there has been no change in a patient's diet, yet they've experienced weight loss, and are found to have a cancer-explain why having a cancer could cause weight loss.

Question 49

Cobalt-60 used in cancer radiation therapy can be produced by the following reaction in a nuclear reactor. Supply the identity of the missing particle represented by the ?.

Question 50

The image below is a representation of the formation of radical (X)by different types of radiation (1,2,and 3). Based on this diagram answer the following questions.
Radiation that can be represented as shown below:
_____

Question 51

Write the nuclear equation for the alpha decay of radium-226.

Question 52

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate term from the list below.
alpha
beta
gamma
___________________produce the largest number of radicals upon tissue exposure.

Question 53

X-rays have radiation properties (effects) most similar to ____________________radiation.

Question 54

A sample of a radioacitive isotope has an activity of 80 μCi when produced. 60 min later when it is being used the activity has dropped to 10 μCi. What is the half-life of this isotope?

A)60 min
B)30 min
C)20 min
D)15 min

Question 55

In addition to a paper barrier, Plexiglas^® is would be needed for shielding against _____________________ radiation.

Question 56

The image below is a representation of the formation of radical (X)by different types of radiation (1,2,and 3). Based on this diagram answer the following questions.
This type of radiation can produce "secondary" X-ray photons. _____

Question 57

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate term from the list below.
alpha
beta
gamma
______________________ poses the largest hazard when exposure is from an external source.

Question 58

Write the nuclear symbol for sulfur-32.

Question 59

¹³¹I has a half life of 8 days. Approximately how long will it take a sample with an activity of 60 mCi to drop to about 3.75 mCi?

A)8 days
B)16 days
C)32 days
D)64 days

Question 60

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate term from the list below.
alpha
beta
gamma
__________________ particles have the largest W_R factor.

Question 61

Strontium-90 has a half-life of 28 years and is formed during nuclear explosions. If a water sample had an activity of 84 pCi in June of 2010, approximately what will be the activity in pCi at the same time in June of 2094?

Question 62

Two workers absorbed equal amounts of energy from nuclear radiation. Worker A was exposed to neutrons with a W_R of 14 and received a dose of 85 mrem. Worker B was exposed to beta particles. What dose did Worker B receive?

Question 63

An exposure to equal amounts of energy from nuclear radiation occurred at two different sites. At the first site an employee was exposed to neutrons with a W_R of 16 and received a dose of 33 mrem. At the second site a worker was exposed to alpha particles. What dose did this second empolyee receive?

Question 64

Which type of radiation is the least damaging to tissue if exposure occurs from an external source? Briefly explain your reasoning.

Question 65

Which type of radiation is the most damaging to tissue if exposure occurs internally? Briefly explain your reasoning.