Deck 11: Carbonyl Compounds and Redox Reactions

Question 1

An oxidation reaction involves the addition of hydrogen atoms to an organic compound.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

The metabolism of glucose occurs in a single step while that of fatty acids occurs in a series of step.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Vitamin K (whose simplified structure is given below) is required for blood clotting. One of the reactions involved in blood clotting is shown below. This reaction represents an oxidation.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The common name for propanone is acetone.

Question 5

The polarity of a carbonyl group can be depicted as:

Question 6

Oxidation of a thiol produces a disulfide.

Question 7

Which of the following describes the products formed by the dehydration of 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-3-pentanol?

A)2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-2-pentene is the only product
B)2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-3-pentene is the only product
C)2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-4-pentene is the only product
D)There is no product, since 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-3-pentanol does not undergo dehydration.

Question 8

Oxidation of a secondary alcohol produces a ketone.

Question 9

The reduction product of 1-pentene would be:

A)1-pentanol
B)1-pentyne
C)pentane
D)cyclopentane

Question 10

The following reaction might require the presence of NADH as a reactant.

Question 11

The structure of 2-hexanone is:

Question 12

When our bodies need a sudden burst of energy, glucose is converted into carbon dioxide and water.

Question 13

The IUPAC name for the following compound is octanoic acid.

Question 14

FAD is the reduced form of FADH₂.

Question 15

The reduction of a aldehyde produces a secondary alcohol.

Question 16

The following reaction is an oxidation.

Question 17

The product of the dehydrogenation of an alkene would be an alkane.

Question 18

Many metabolic pathways involve oxidation reactions because they produce energy.

Question 19

Secondary alcohols have two carbon atoms bonded to the carbon atom shown below in bolded font.
C-OH

Question 20

The product of the oxidation of the following compound would be an aldehyde.

Question 21

Which of the following types of organic compounds contains a carbonyl group?

A)aldehyde
B)ketone
C)carboxylic acid
D)All contain a carbonyl group.

Question 22

Which of the following is a secondary alcohol?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 23

The following reaction is classified as a(n):

A)oxidation
B)reduction
C)hydrogenation
D)dehydrogenation

Question 24

Which of the following is true in naming aldehydes?

A)The root name is based on the longest carbon chain which contains the carbonyl carbon.
B)The oxygen atom is always bonded to C-1.
C)both a and b
D)neither a nor b

Question 25

In which of the following can hydrogen bonding occur?

A)in a pure acetone (propanone)
B)in a pure formaldehyde (methanal)
C)in a mixture of acetone and formaldehyde
D)in none of these cases

Question 26

How many ketone carbonyl groups are present in the following compound?

A)2
B)3
C)4
D)5
E)6

Question 27

Which of the following compounds is correctly classified as a tertiary alcohol?

A)3-methyl-1-butanol
B)2-methyl-1-butanol
C)3-methyl-2-butanol
D)2-methyl-2-butanol

Question 28

Which of the following products is formed when hydrogen is reacted with 3-methyl-2-butanone under appropriate reaction conditions?

A)a primary alcohol
B)a secondary alcohol
C)a tertiary alcohol
D)an aldehyde

Question 29

Which of the following is true in naming ketones?

A)The root name is based on the longest carbon chain which contains the carbonyl carbon.
B)The oxygen atom is always bonded to C-1.
C)both a and b
D)neither a nor b

Question 30

What is the correct order of water solubility for the following compounds?

A)A > B > C
B)C > B > A
C)B > A > C
D)A > C > B

Question 31

The -OH groups in

A)are both primary.
B)are both secondary.
C)are both tertiary.
D)one is primary and one is secondary.
E)one is primary and one is tertiary.

Question 32

When the following disulfide is reduced the reaction produces:

A)
B)
C)
D)a and b
E)a, b and c

Question 33

What is the IUPAC name for this compound?

A)2-methyl-2-pentanone
B)2-methyl-4-pentanone
C)4-methyl-2-pentanone
D)2-methyl-4-pentanol

Question 34

During strenuous exercise, the ketone group of the pyruvate ion (See structure below.) is reduced to form lactate ion. This reaction is catalyzed by lactate dehydrogenase and accompanied by NADH and H⁺. The reactants are: What are the products of the reaction?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 35

Assuming that molar masses are comparable, which of the following compounds would you expect to have the highest boiling point?

A)aldehyde
B)alkene
C)alcohol
D)alkane

Question 36

What structural characteristic is shared by the aldehydes and the ketones?

A)They both are straight chain compounds.
B)Both of these compound classes have as the smallest compound a 5 carbon skeleton.
C)Aldehydes and ketones both contain a carbonyl carbon.
D)Aldehydes and ketones have no shared characteristics.

Question 37

The product of the following reaction would be:

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 38

Which of the following compounds gives 1-pentanol upon reduction?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 39

What is the IUPAC name for the following compound?

A)1-pentaldehyde
B)1-pentanal
C)pentanal
D)pentanealdehyde

Question 40

What compound should be used to produce the following compound by oxidation?

A)
B)
C)
D)This compound cannot be produced by oxidation.

Question 41

Consider the following biochemical reaction. To complete the reaction, which redox coenzymes should be used to replace the question marks, respectively?

A)FAD, FADH₂
B)NAD⁺, NADH
C)NADP⁺, NADPH
D)Any of the above could be used.

Question 42

Many energy-producing metabolic pathways involve a sequence of three reactions. These reactions in order are:

A)oxidation, oxidation, hydration
B)hydration, oxidation, oxidation
C)oxidation, hydration, reduction
D)oxidation, hydration, oxidation

Question 43

If the following compound was oxidized, 2-butanol
Which of the following would be the product of the reaction?

A)2-butene
B)2-butanone
C)butanoic acid
D)butane

Question 44

Consider the structures given below. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate letter (A,B,C,D,E,F).
Structure _________________________ is most likely to have the highest melting point.

Question 45

The following is a summary of the steps found in the metabolic pathway known as the Citric Acid Cycle.
Step 1: Step 2: Step 3: Step 4: Step 5: Step 6: Step 7: Step 8: Fill in the blanks in the following question with the appropriate term from the list below.
oxaloacetate oxidation
citrate reduction
isocitrate consumes
a-ketoglutarate produces
succinyl-CoA NADH
succinate FAD
fumarate NADPH
malate
Step 3 involves the conversion of an alcohol to a ketone and would therefore be classified as a(n) _______________________reaction.

Question 46

If the following compound was oxidized as much as possible, CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OH
Which of the following would be the product of the complete reaction?

A)1-octene
B)octanal
C)octanoic acid
D)octane

Question 47

Which of the relationships correctly portrays the metabolic role of the given coenzyme?

A)FAD/FADH₂, accepts H, oxidation
B)NADP⁺/NADPH, supplies H, reduction
C)NAD⁺/NADH, accepts H, oxidation
D)All are correct portrayals.

Question 48

Consider the structures given below. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate letter (A,B,C,D,E,F).
Structure_______________ could be oxidized to structure ____________________.

Question 49

The following is a summary of the steps found in the metabolic pathway known as the Citric Acid Cycle.
Step 1: Step 2: Step 3: Step 4: Step 5: Step 6: Step 7: Step 8: Fill in the blanks in the following question with the appropriate term from the list below.
oxaloacetate oxidation
citrate reduction
isocitrate consumes
a-ketoglutarate produces
succinyl-CoA NADH
succinate FAD
fumarate NADPH
malate
The reactant of step 5 is _______________________.

Question 50

Consider the structures given below. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate letter (A,B,C,D,E,F).
Structure ______________________ would have the lowest boiling point.

Question 51

Consider the structures given below. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate letter (A,B,C,D,E,F).
Structure ____________________ would named heptanoic acid.

Question 52

If 2-hexanol underwent dehydration followed by dehydrogenation, the final product would be:

A)1-hexene
B)2-hexene
C)hexane
D)A mixture of 1-hexene and 2-hexene.

Question 53

Consider the structures given below. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate letter (A,B,C,D,E,F).
With like molecules, structure _______________________ could participate in hydrogen bonding.

Question 54

Which of the following redox coenzymes is primarily a reactant in reduction reactions?

A)NAD⁺
B)FAD
C)NADP⁺
D)NADPH

Question 55

The following is a summary of the steps found in the metabolic pathway known as the Citric Acid Cycle.
Step 1: Step 2: Step 3: Step 4: Step 5: Step 6: Step 7: Step 8: Fill in the blanks in the following question with the appropriate term from the list below.
oxaloacetate oxidation
citrate reduction
isocitrate consumes
a-ketoglutarate produces
succinyl-CoA NADH
succinate FAD
fumarate NADPH
malate
Step 7 converts -CH-OH to -C=O. This reaction _____________________ energy.

Question 56

The following is a summary of the steps found in the metabolic pathway known as the Citric Acid Cycle.
Step 1: Step 2: Step 3: Step 4: Step 5: Step 6: Step 7: Step 8: Fill in the blanks in the following question with the appropriate term from the list below.
oxaloacetate oxidation
citrate reduction
isocitrate consumes
a-ketoglutarate produces
succinyl-CoA NADH
succinate FAD
fumarate NADPH
malate
The following reaction shows the structures of the species involved in Step 8. This step would also involve the coenzyme _________________ as a product.

Question 57

Which of following reaction types could be considered to be the reverse of hydrogenation?

A)reduction
B)oxidation
C)hydration
D)neutralization

Question 58

Consider the structures given below. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate letter (A,B,C,D,E,F).
Structure _______________________ would be the most soluble in water.

Question 59

The following is a summary of the steps found in the metabolic pathway known as the Citric Acid Cycle.
Step 1: Step 2: Step 3: Step 4: Step 5: Step 6: Step 7: Step 8: Fill in the blanks in the following question with the appropriate term from the list below.
oxaloacetate oxidation
citrate reduction
isocitrate consumes
a-ketoglutarate produces
succinyl-CoA NADH
succinate FAD
fumarate NADPH
malate
Step 6 converts the -CH₂-CH₂- of succinate to the -CH=CH- of fumarate. This reaction would be classified as a(n) ______________________ reaction.

Question 60

The following is a summary of the steps found in the metabolic pathway known as the Citric Acid Cycle.
Step 1: Step 2: Step 3: Step 4: Step 5: Step 6: Step 7: Step 8: Fill in the blanks in the following question with the appropriate term from the list below.
oxaloacetate oxidation
citrate reduction
isocitrate consumes
a-ketoglutarate produces
succinyl-CoA NADH
succinate FAD
fumarate NADPH
malate
The product of Step 2 is _________________________.

Question 61

Draw and name the structures of the possible products of the oxidation of the following substance.

Question 62

Consider the structures given below. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate letter (A,B,C,D,E,F).
Structure _____________________ would produce an aqueous solution with a pH less than 7..

Question 63

Consider the structures given below. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate letter (A,B,C,D,E,F).
Structure _____________________ would be named 2-hexanone.

Question 64

Celeste has been trying to lose weight for the past five years without much success. A friend tells her about a special diet plan that restricts carbohydrates but lets the dieter eat unlimited amounts of fat and protein. Celeste decides to try this diet, so she stops eating carbohydrate-rich foods such as pasta, bread, rice and potatoes. She also avoids sweet foods and beverages, including most fruits. Instead, she starts eating a lot of meat and fatty foods to supply her calorie needs. Celeste loses quite a bit of weight, but she notices that she has less energy and tends to be more irritable than usual. After a few weeks, she also notices that her breath has an odd, sweet smell to it.
a.) The sweet or fruity smell from her breath is termed _______________?
b.) What is this due to?
c.) Is this healthy state?

Question 65

Consider the structures given below. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate letter (A,B,C,D,E,F).
Structure _____________________ would be the most likely to be a solid at room temperature.

Question 66

Name the following molecule and draw the structure of the the product when this substance undergoes oxidation.

Question 67

Consider the structures given below. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate letter (A,B,C,D,E,F).
Structure _____________________ could serve as both a hydrogen bond donor and a hydrogen bond acceptor.

Question 68

Name the reactant molecule shown below and then draw the product of the dehyrogenation of this substance. The affected part of the molecule is enclosed in the oval.

Question 69

Consider the structures given below. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate letter (A,B,C,D,E,F).
Structure _____________________ would be named hexanal.

Question 70

The structure of the fatty acid oleic acid is given below. Draw the structure for the product of the hydrogenation of this acid, stearoc acid.