Deck 15: Carbohydrates

Question 1

In an anomeric pairs of monosaccharides, the b form has the -OH below the ring.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

The following monosaccharide would be classified as an aldose.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The open chain form of would be

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The primary fuel source for the cells of the nervous system, which is an important energy source for all body tissues is glucose.

Question 5

There are many types of diabetes mellitus (DM).

Question 6

High fructose corn syrup designated as HFCS 55 contains the same monosaccharides as those produced by sucrose .

Question 7

The actual structure of the ring structure in a hexose can be drawn as shown below.

Question 8

The following reaction step in a major reaction in the citric acid cycle. Based on the comparison of the structure of reactants to products, this reaction step would be classified as decarboxylation reaction.

Question 9

Monosaccharides can be obtained not only from dietary carbohydrates but other major sources include amino acids and glycerol.

Question 10

The monosaccharide shown below would be classified as a pentose.

Question 11

The hydrolysis of amylose and amylopectin would give the same monosaccharide.

Question 12

Per mole FADH₂ produces more energy than NADH.

Question 13

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is the name of the disease where the cells in body are unable to absorb glucose efficiently from the bloodstream.

Question 14

Cellulose does not contribute to the caloric intake in humans.

Question 15

Type 2 diabetes (adult-onset diabetes) is associated with an obesity.

Question 16

Glucose (a hexose) can form more hydrogen bonds than cyclohexanol.

Question 17

The following functional group is classified as a hemiacetal.

Question 18

Cellulose is an example of a structural polysaccharide.

Question 19

Consider the following representation of the joining of two monosaccharide rings.
Ring ₁ C-O-C Ring ₂
This bond called a glycosidic linkage.

Question 20

In an a(1 4) linkage, the -OH in carbon 1 was positioned below the monosaccharide ring.

Question 21

The α anomer is converted to the β anomer by a process known as

A)mutarotation.
B)racemization.
C)translocation.
D)hydrolysis.

Question 22

Carbohydrates that contain two sugar units chemically linked together are called

A)monosaccharides.
B)disaccharides.
C)trisaccharides.
D)polysaccharides.

Question 23

When the open-chain form a monosaccharide undergoes a ring opening reaction

A)a hemiacetal group is lost.
B)a carbonyl forms.
C)an alcohol forms.
D)All of the above characterize this change.

Question 24

Melebiose, a substance sweeter than sucrose, has the structure given below. What type of glycosidic linkage is present in melebiose?

A)α(1→6)
B)β(1→4)
C)β(1→6)
D)α(1→4)

Question 25

What is the name of the functional group enclosed in the oval in the following structure?

A)acetal
B)glycoside
C)hemiacetal
D)ether

Question 26

Which of the following is characteristic of amylopectin but not amylose?

A)built from glucose units
B)fuel storage in plants
C)contains α(1→4) linkages
D)two enzymes needed for human digestion
E)All of these characterize both amylopectin and amylose.

Question 27

The following structure represents:

A)a ketose and a beta anomer.
B)a ketose and an alpha anomer.
C)an aldose and a beta anomer.
D)an aldose and an alpha anomer.

Question 28

All except which of the following is a characteristics of all monosaccharides?

A)contain a six-membered ring
B)contain one oxygen in their ring structure, the rest being carbon
C)any carbon not in the ring is attached to a ring carbon next to oxygen
D)all but one of the ring carbons have an attached -OH

Question 29

For the solvents water, ethanol, and benzene, which gives the correct order of decreasing solubility of the monosaccharide fructose?

A)hexane > ethanol > water
B)hexane > water > ethanol
C)water > ethanol > hexane
D)water > hexane > ethanol

Question 30

The linkage between the two monosaccharide units of a disaccharide is a

A)hemiacetal linkage
B)alpha linkage
C)ester linkage
D)glycosidic linkage
E)beta linkage

Question 31

Monosaccharides whose ring-structures that differ only as shown below on the ring carbon next to the oxygen are called

A)constitutional isomers.
B)anomers.
C)enantiomers.
D)cis-trans isomers.

Question 32

Which of the following explains why ketoses can react with Benedict's solution?

A)Under acidic conditions they are converted to aldoses.
B)Under basic conditions they are converted to aldoses.
C)Under acidic conditions they form open chain structures.
D)Under basic conditions they form open chain structures.

Question 33

Which of the following is an analog of starch in animals?

A)glycogen
B)cellulose
C)sucrose
D)amylopectin

Question 34

Examine the structure below. This compound:

A)would hydrolyze to produce two different monosaccharides.
B)would react with Benedict's solution to produce a red precipitate.
C)would represent the α anomer of the disaccharide.
D)All of these characterize this structure.

Question 35

Which of the following is not a characteristic of lactose?

A)hydrolyzes to produce D-glucose
B)is a reducing sugar
C)undergoes mutarotation
D)contains an α glycosidic linkage
E)All are characteristics of lactose.

Question 36

Lyxose is a pentose. What is the molecular formula for this monosaccharide?

A)C₅H₅O₅
B)C₅H₁₀O₅
C)C₅H₅O₁₀
D)C₁₀H₅O₅
E)C₅H₁₀O₁₀

Question 37

During the complete metabolism of glucose, which of the following is accurate?

A)More ATP is produced during glycolysis than in the citric acid cycle.
B)There is a total of 20 molecules of ATP produce per molecule of glucose.
C)The ultimate form of the carbon atoms is the pyruvate ion.
D)More ATP is produced via reduced coenzymes than directly as ATP.

Question 38

The reaction of monosaccharides to form a disaccharide is an example of which of the following reaction types?

A)condensation
B)hydrolysis
C)dehydration
D)oxidation

Question 39

All of the following contain six carbon atoms. Which would have the highest melting point?

A)hexane
B)cyclohexanol
C)2-hexanol
D)2,3-hexandiol
E)altrose

Question 40

Which is not common to the complete oxidation of glucose, lactic acid fermentation, and alcoholic fermentation?

A)exothermic reactions
B)glucose reactant
C)carbon dioxide product
D)occur is a series of steps
E)All of the above are common to these processes.

Question 41

Examine the following structures. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate term from the list below.
arabinose
idose
fructose
Oxidation of ______________________ would produce

Question 42

Examine the following structures. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate term from the list below.
arabinose
idose
fructose
The open-chain form of ______________________ would be a ketone.

Question 43

Indicate the anomeric carbon in the following monosaccharide.

Question 44

The following reaction is used to generate ATP. This reaction is:

A)exothermic.
B)produces more than 7.3 kcal/mol.
C)both exothermic and produces more than 7.3 kcal/mol.

Question 45

Draw the open chain structure of the following monosaccharide.

Question 46

Examine the following structures. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate term from the list below.
arabinose
idose
fructose
The structure of _____________________is a beta anomer.

Question 47

Briefly explain the difference between a structural polysaccharide and a storage polysaccharides.

Question 48

Consider the hydrolysis of starch to form monosaccharides. This process is:

A)is endothermic.
B)would require ATP.
C)catabolic.
D)All of these are correct.

Question 49

Explain what Type 1 diabetes is. Sometimes known as insulin-dependent diabetes and previously known as juvenile/childhood diabetes.

Question 50

Examine the following structures. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate term from the list below.
arabinose
idose
fructose
The open chain form of _________________ would be an aldehyde.

Question 51

Draw the structure of a disaccharide when two molecules of the following monosaccharide are linked with an α(1 → 4) glycosidic linkage.

Question 52

Examine the following structures. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate term from the list below.
arabinose
idose
fructose
___________________ has its anomeric carbon bonded to two other carbon atoms.

Question 53

Examine the following structures. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate term from the list below.
arabinose
idose
fructose
If two molecules of ______________________ formed a bond, the bond would be classified as β(2 →4) glycosidic bond.

Question 54

Which of the following is not a common feature of both lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation?

A)require O₂
B)glucose as a starting material
C)produce ATP and NADH
D)do not involve net oxidations

Question 55

Patients requiring insulin for their diabetes are classified as a patient with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (Type 1). What is the #1 medication treatment for this type of diabetes? Why?

Question 56

Examine the following structures. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate term from the list below.
arabinose
idose
fructose
The mirror image of D-___________________ is L-idose.

Question 57

Examine the following structures. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate term from the list below.
arabinose
idose
fructose
_____________________ is classified as a ketose.

Question 58

Examine the following structures. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate term from the list below.
arabinose
idose
fructose
___________________ is an enantiomer of the following molecule.

Question 59

Examine the following structures. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate term from the list below.
arabinose
idose
fructose
If two molecules of ______________________ formed a bond, the bond would be classified as α(1 → 4) glycosidic bond.

Question 60

Which of the following does not describe glycolysis?

A)breaks down glucose into carbon dioxide
B)is an anabolic process
C)produces ATP, NADH and FADH₂
D)None of these describe glycolysis.

Question 61

Use the terms given below to answer the following questions.All answers may not be used and some maybe used more than once.
disaccharide lacking a hemiacetal group

A)sucrose
B)lactose
C)chitin
D)cellulose
E)glycogen
F)amylose
G)galactose

Question 62

A hypothetical molecule is oxidized by the body and produces 2 molecules of ATP, 4 molecules of NADH, and 2 molecules of FADH₂. What is the total ATP production of 1 molecule of this substance?

Question 63

Use the terms given below to answer the following questions.All answers may not be used and some maybe used more than once.
disaccharide the can react with Benedict' solution

A)sucrose
B)lactose
C)chitin
D)cellulose
E)glycogen
F)amylose
G)galactose

Question 64

Use the terms given below to answer the following questions.All answers may not be used and some maybe used more than once.
structural carbohydrates in animals

A)sucrose
B)lactose
C)chitin
D)cellulose
E)glycogen
F)amylose
G)galactose

Question 65

Match the process with the given description.
converts glucose to pyruvate

A)citric acid cycle
B)Cori cycle
C)glycolysis
D)lactic acid fermentation

Question 66

Match the process with the given description.
converts acetyl-coenzyme A to carbon dioxide

A)citric acid cycle
B)Cori cycle
C)glycolysis
D)lactic acid fermentation

Question 67

Use the terms given below to answer the following questions.All answers may not be used and some maybe used more than once.
contains β(1 2) linkage

A)sucrose
B)lactose
C)chitin
D)cellulose
E)glycogen
F)amylose
G)galactose

Question 68

Use the terms given below to answer the following questions.All answers may not be used and some maybe used more than once.
contains both a aldopentose and ketohexose

A)sucrose
B)lactose
C)chitin
D)cellulose
E)glycogen
F)amylose
G)galactose

Question 69

Use the terms given below to answer the following questions.All answers may not be used and some maybe used more than once.
similar in size and structure to amylopectin but with less branching

A)sucrose
B)lactose
C)chitin
D)cellulose
E)glycogen
F)amylose
G)galactose

Question 70

Use the terms given below to answer the following questions.All answers may not be used and some maybe used more than once.
requires both amylase and a debranching enzyme for digestion

A)sucrose
B)lactose
C)chitin
D)cellulose
E)glycogen
F)amylose
G)galactose

Question 71

Use the terms given below to answer the following questions.All answers may not be used and some maybe used more than once.
structural carbohydrate with β(1 4) linkage

A)sucrose
B)lactose
C)chitin
D)cellulose
E)glycogen
F)amylose
G)galactose

Question 72

Match the process with the given description.
converts pyruvate to lactate

A)citric acid cycle
B)Cori cycle
C)glycolysis
D)lactic acid fermentation

Question 73

Match the process with the given description.
converts lactate into glucose

A)citric acid cycle
B)Cori cycle
C)glycolysis
D)lactic acid fermentation