Deck 17: Nucleic Acids, Protein Synthesis, and Heredity

Question 1

Approximately 99% of errors in DNA replication are corrected by various enzymes.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Consider the following that represents part of a segment of a nucleic acid. The generalized structures 1 and 2 could represent cytosine and guanine, respectively.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The following molecule would be considered to be an activated nucleotide in DNA synthesis.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The structure for TMP is:

Question 5

A positively charged protein that binds to DNA is known as a histone.

Question 6

Consider the following segment of a DNA strand.
(5´) T-A-G-C-T-G (3´)
The letter at the (3´) end of the complementary strand would be "C".

Question 7

The following represents a type of mutation. The mutation shown in the illustration will probably not be harmful

Question 8

There is a single start codon in protein synthesis.

Question 9

Each amino acid added to a peptide chain is determined by a single unique codon.

Question 10

The following image represents the beginning of the transcription of DNA.

Question 11

During the process of translation, tRNA, mRNA, and rRNA are involved simultaneously.

Question 12

The designation TMP indicates that this substance could be part of RNA.

Question 13

Based on the initial RNA transcript, tRNA requires more enzyme processing than rRNA but mRNA requires the most processing to reach the mature form.

Question 14

Human DNA consists of 44 autosomal chromosomes and 2 sex chromosomes.

Question 15

DNA is the 'keeper' of all the information needed to replicate an organism.

Question 16

The carbon designated as "1" links the sugar to the phosphate in a nucleotide.

Question 17

The following represents the correct pairing of bases in nucleic acids.

Question 18

DNA is an acronym for deoxyribonucleic acid.

Question 19

Consider the following that represents part of a segment of a nucleic acid. In this generalized structure, there are 3 nucleotides.

Question 20

The end of a nucleic acid with the phosphate group is designated 3´.

Question 21

Which pair of bases is linked together by three hydrogen bonds?

A)adenine and cytosine
B)adenine and thymnine
C)guanine and cytosine
D)guanine and thymine

Question 22

In eukaryotes, which enzyme listed below has the function described in the following statement? "forms short strands of RNA"

A)DNA helix
B)helicase
C)DNA polymerase
D)DNA ligase

Question 23

Which of the following represents the composition of a nucleotide?

A)base + sugar
B)base + phosphate
C)base + phosphate + sugar
D)phosphate + sugar

Question 24

A strand of DNA has the base sequence shown below. ATGCTAG
What is the base sequence of the other strand (5' to 3')?

A)ATGCTAG
B)CTAGCAT
C)TACGATC
D)UACGAUC

Question 25

One of the codons for threonine is ACG. What of the following might be anticodon ( ) for this codon?

A)GCA
B)UGC
C)CGT
D)CGU

Question 26

Which of the following describes the function of tRNA?

A)contains the instructions for protein synthesis
B)matches coded information with the correct amino acid
C)serves as a catalyst to link amino acids to the growing peptide
D)template for mRNA synthesis

Question 27

To add 3 amino acids to the growing polypeptide chain requires the breakdown 6 of ATP or its equivalent.

Question 28

The synthesis of RNA differs from replication of DNA in which of the following respects?

A)utilizes the base sequence in DNA
B)produces a single nucleic acid strand
C)utilizes short segments of DNA
D)b and c
E)Differs in all of the above respects.

Question 29

Which enzyme listed below is responsible for adding activated nucleotides to the primers?

A)primase
B)helicase
C)DNA polymerase
D)DNA ligase

Question 30

Which of the following is not part of the backbone of DNA?

A)bases
B)phosphates
C)sugars
D)They are all part of the backbone

Question 31

Which of the following does not accurately describe DNA?

A)DNA stores information in a sequence of bases.
B)All cells can translate the information stored in DNA.
C)The base sequences in DNA specify instructions for building proteins.
D)Nucleotide monophosphates supply the energy for DNA replication.
E)All of these accurately describe DNA.

Question 32

When the sequence AGGCT of the DNA coding strand is transcribed, the corresponding mRNA sequence is:

A)TCCGA.
B)UGGCA.
C)AGCCU.
D)UGCCA.
E)AGGCT

Question 33

Which of the following is not an accurate statement?

A)Mature mRNA contains the extrons from replication.
B)Initial transcripts can contain both tRNA and mRNA.
C)The guanine-phosphate cap added to mRNA determines the life span of the molecule.
D)A poly(A) tail of mRNA consists of a long chain of adenine nucleotides.

Question 34

Using the standard abbreviation, what is the name of the following substance?

A)dGMP
B)GMP
C)dAMP
D)AMP

Question 35

Which of the following is true of RNA but not DNA?

A)contains a five carbon sugar
B)contains adenine
C)contains uracil
D)contains thymine
E)All are true for both RNA and DNA.

Question 36

Which of the following does not accurately describe translation?

A)An amino acid is bonded to the acceptor stem of tRNA.
B)The anticodon binds to mRNA.
C)An amino acyl synthetase matches an amino acid to a tRNA.
D)Formation of an amino acyl tRNA requires 4 ATP.

Question 37

A piece of RNA has the following base sequence. AUGCGCGUCCAGUAA
What is the amino acid sequence in the polypeptide chain?

A)Ile-Arg-Val-Gln-Leu
B)Arg-Val-Gln
C)Gln-Val-Arg
D)Ile-Arg-Val-Gln
E)Arg-Val-Gln-Leu

Question 38

The following summarizes some of the steps in protein synthesis.
1) tRNA leaves ribosome
2) ribosome moves along mRNA
3) tRNA with attached amino acid enter ribosome
4) amino acids linked with peptide bond
5) ribosome binds to mRNA
Which of the following places these in the correct order?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 39

Which nucleic acid is formed during transcription?

A)DNA
B)rRNA
C)tRNA
D)mRNA

Question 40

Which of the following is not characteristic of a chromosome?

A)contains a single molecule of DNA
B)contains histones
C)contains RNA
D)can be seen with a microscope
E)All are characteristic of a chromosome.

Question 41

Which of the following is a correct description?

A)Autosomal genetic disorders develop when a mutated chromosome is inherited from each parent.
B)A woman is more likely to suffer from a sex-linked genetic disorder than a man.
C)A single mutation that damages the DNA that controls cell division will cause cancer.
D)A mutation occurring in an egg or sperm cell will be passed on to half of the cells in the developing individual.

Question 42

When a mutation makes the following change in the DNA sequence: the result is a

A)silent mutation.
B)missense with little or no effect.
C)missense with possibly significant effects.
D)nonsense mutation.

Question 43

Examine the following diagram. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate terms from the list below.
RNA DNA
coding strand template strand
replication transcription
translation
The structure represented by B is the __________________.

Question 44

Examine the following nucleic acid structure. Fill in the blanks with an appropriate integer (1,2,3,4.....)from the numbers in the figure or to represent a numerical value.
The backbone of the nucleic acid contains ___________________nucleotides.

Question 45

The molecular basis of a mutation is most closely linked to a

A)defect in the transcription of a genetic message to mRNA
B)change in the sequence of bases on a DNA molecule
C)defect in the rRNA of ribosomes
D)misplaced stop codon

Question 46

Examine the following diagram. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate terms from the list below.
RNA DNA
coding strand template strand
replication transcription
translation
The structure represented by D is _______________________.

Question 47

Which of the following correctly describes the function of tRNA?

A)carries the codon in protein synthesis
B)attaches to the appropriate amino acid
C)largest of the types of RNA
D)one tRNA occupies the ribosome

Question 48

Examine the following diagram. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate terms from the list below.
RNA DNA
coding strand template strand
replication transcription
translation
The structure represented by C is the ______________________.

Question 49

How many ATP are expended when 3 molecules of serine undergo the following reaction? Amino Acid + tRNA Aminoacyl-tRNA

A)6
B)2
C)9
D)The number of ATP depends on the identity of the amino acid.

Question 50

Which of the following correctly describes the function of rRNA?

A)carries the anticodon in protein synthesis
B)contains an acceptor step
C)helps catalyze protein synthesis
D)smallest of the types of RNA

Question 51

Consider the structure given below. Which of the following correctly characterizes this substance?

A)RNA nucleoside
B)RNA nucleotide
C)DNA nucleoside
D)DNA nucleotide

Question 52

A mutation changes a DNA sequence from:
AATGGCTTACGA
To
AATTGGCTTACGA
Which the following will result?

A)a substitution mutation
B)an addition mutation
C)a deletion mutation
D)a frame shift
E)both an addition mutation and a frameshift

Question 53

Which of the following DNA coding substitution mutations would be the least harmful to a cell based on their effect on the corresponding polypeptide?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 54

Examine the following nucleic acid structure. Fill in the blanks with an appropriate integer (1,2,3,4.....)from the numbers in the figure or to represent a numerical value.
The phosphodiester bond is indicated by the number __________________.

Question 55

Examine the following nucleic acid structure. Fill in the blanks with an appropriate integer (1,2,3,4.....)from the numbers in the figure or to represent a numerical value.
The 5' end of the nucleic acid is indicated by the number ___________________.

Question 56

Examine the following nucleic acid structure. Fill in the blanks with an appropriate integer (1,2,3,4.....)from the numbers in the figure or to represent a numerical value.
This nucleic acid would be found in RNA based on the structure indicated with the number_________________.

Question 57

Examine the following nucleic acid structure. Fill in the blanks with an appropriate integer (1,2,3,4.....)from the numbers in the figure or to represent a numerical value.
The number _____________________indicates a base in the nucleic acid.

Question 58

When a thiamine containing nucleotide is added to the growing DNA chain, the required energy is supplied by

A)TMP.
B)ATP.
C)TTP.
D)either ATP or TTP.
E)either TMP or TTP.

Question 59

What type of bond forms the backbone of a nucleic acid?

A)ester
B)phosphodiester
C)amide
D)glycosidic

Question 60

Examine the following diagram. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate terms from the list below.
RNA DNA
coding strand template strand
replication transcription
translation
The diagram in the image represents the process of ______________________.

Question 61

Examine the following figure. Fill the blanks with the appropriate:
letters (A,B,C,D.....)
numbers 3' or 5'
name of an amino acid
The amino acid name that should be substituted for X is ________________________.

Question 62

Consider the following diagram showing the processing of mRNA. Match the following statements to the appropriate letter (A,B,C,...)in the diagram.
Nucleic acid segment not coding for a protein._____

Question 63

Examine the following figure. Fill the blanks with the appropriate:
letters (A,B,C,D.....)
numbers 3' or 5'
name of an amino acid
The three-capital-letter sequence to replace 4 5 6 is __________________________.

Question 64

Examine the following figure. Fill the blanks with the appropriate:
letters (A,B,C,D.....)
numbers 3' or 5'
name of an amino acid
Y represents the _______________________end and Z the ____________________end of the DNA template.

Question 65

Examine the following diagram. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate terms from the list below.
RNA DNA
coding strand template strand
replication transcription
translation
The structure labeled A represents _______________________.

Question 66

Draw the structure of CMP.

Question 67

Consider the following diagram showing the processing of mRNA. Match the following statements to the appropriate letter (A,B,C,...)in the diagram.
Enables the cell to recognize mRNA._____

Question 68

Consider the following diagram showing the processing of mRNA. Match the following statements to the appropriate letter (A,B,C,...)in the diagram.
Determines the useful life span of mRNA._____

Question 69

Examine the following figure. Fill the blanks with the appropriate:
letters (A,B,C,D.....)
numbers 3' or 5'
name of an amino acid
The three-capital-letter sequence to replace 1 2 3 is __________________________.