Deck 2: Management Theory: Essential Background for the Successful Manager

Question 1

Ali,a CEO of a large IT organization,understands that many challenges are coming in his industry;therefore,he tells his upper-level management that it's helpful to look at theoretical perspectives of management to help make predictions and develop principles to guide future company strategies and actions.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Right Office Equipment continually talks with customers after they purchase their products,and Right Office managers regularly visit customers to gather feedback on new products,product improvements,and how Right Office can better serve its customers.This is an example of an open system.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

When faced with a business problem,Sally,a young grocery store owner,discusses business problems with Don,the assistant manager and an employee for over 30 years.Sally believes Don "has seen it all" and knows there are few really new ideas;plus the business has done many simple things,such as offering friendly service,to create and maintain a competitive edge.Sally's management style is best described as

A)evidence-based.
B)behavioral.
C)family style.
D)contingency.
E)bottom-up.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Jeffrey Pfeffer and Robert Sutton believed that evidence-based management is founded on the belief that facing the hard facts about what works and accepting the nonsense that passes for sound advice will help organizations perform better.

Question 5

Which three approaches to management are considered historical perspectives?

A)systems,contingency,quality management
B)classical,scientific,quantitative
C)classical,operations,scientific
D)contemporary,historical,scientific
E)classical,behavioral,quantitative

Question 6

Susan,a department manager,believes that ever since the corporate office eliminated certain benefits to reduce costs,her employees have not been working as hard as in the past.This reduction in effort is known as "soldiering."

Question 7

Which of the following is a key benefit of studying theoretical perspectives on management?

A)They are effective cost-reduction tools.
B)They emphasize diversity.
C)They are effective synergy-building approaches.
D)They build a strong family-type culture.
E)They serve as a guide to action and a source of new ideas.

Question 8

A-Plus Manufacturing has a policy of using statistical sampling to locate errors by testing just some (rather than all)of the items in a particular production run.This strategy of minimizing errors is known as synergy.

Question 9

A local furniture retailer routinely develops and acquires new knowledge,and the employees communicate what they learn to other employees,so the company is able to modify its behavior to reflect what they have learned.This organization is an example of a learning organization.

Question 10

Joe,a plant manager,wants to institute a compensation system in which more efficient workers earn higher wages.Joe is proposing to institute a differential rate system.

Question 11

Peter Drucker was a 20th-century socialist,opposed capitalism and believed that managers were more of a hindrance than a help to most organizations.

Question 12

________ holds that there are few really new ideas and that "true is better" than new.

A)Scientific management
B)The quality-management viewpoint
C)Evidence-based management
D)Behavioral management
E)MBO

Question 13

During a manager's meeting,Paula,a district manager,discussed how to handle sensitive employee issues and indicated correctly that management is really just an art.

Question 14

When Mr.Jones,the owner of a local hardware store,asks one of his lawnmower suppliers about the total ability of their product to meet customer needs,he is questioning the quality of that mower.

Question 15

Within his company,Greg has set up a system with inputs,outputs,transformation processes,and feedback.He utilizes a management style that varies according to the individual and environmental situation,with a strategy for minimizing errors by managing each stage of production.Greg is utilizing a _______ perspective.

A)historical
B)classical
C)qualitative
D)contemporary
E)behavioral

Question 16

The Hawthorne studies succeeded in drawing attention to the importance of "social man" and how managers using good human relations could improve worker productivity.

Question 17

When the Americans entered World War II in 1941,they used the British model to form operations research teams to determine how to deploy troops,submarines,and equipment most effectively.These techniques have evolved into quantitative management.

Question 18

The idea that two or more forces combined create an effect that is greater than the sum of their individual effects is called syncretism.

Question 19

Behavioral science relies on data from past sales to forecast human behavior to develop strategic plans and goals.

Question 20

Olde Manufacturing,a parts supplier to the auto industry,has been using the behavioral approach to management for over 100 years.However,since that method of management is too simplistic for practical use,Olde should begin implementing the newer and more sophisticated human relations movement approach to management,which is the most contemporary approach to management.

Question 21

The management approach that emphasized ways to manage work more efficiently is the ___ approach.

A)classical
B)quality-management
C)systems
D)contingency
E)MBO

Question 22

Tom,the manager of floral shop,is interested in implementing the principles of administrative management,which involves

A)doing time-motion studies.
B)focusing on unprofitable parts of an organization.
C)increasing synergy.
D)managing the total organization.
E)implementing MBO.

Question 23

Sal,a production manager,knows that some of his employees are upset with a new corporate policy that eliminates a tuition reimbursement program.As a result,some of these employees are participating in soldiering.To eliminate soldiering,Sal should

A)reduce the use of scientific principles in planning work methods.
B)carefully select workers according to their abilities and give workers training.
C)reduce training,but increase MBO.
D)place workers in any task available,focusing on their interests and not their abilities.
E)increase diversity and MBO.

Question 24

Greg,the IT manager,feels that his employees lack the motivation to consistently meet department goals.To better understand human actions and to motivate their employees toward achievement,Greg and his supervisors need to adopt the ____ viewpoint.

A)synergy
B)attitude
C)behavioral
D)classical
E)scientific

Question 25

Frank and Lillian Gilbreth identified 17 basic units of motion that they called

A)gilbreths.
B)time frames.
C)therbligs.
D)units.
E)action works.

Question 26

_______ was the father of scientific management.

A)Frank Gilbreth
B)Tom Gallagher
C)Abraham Maslow
D)Peter Drucker
E)Frederick Taylor

Question 27

The classical viewpoint of management emphasized ways to

A)manage work more efficiently.
B)build more synergy.
C)vary according to the environment.
D)include MBO.
E)increase diversity.

Question 28

A pay structure in which more efficient workers earn higher wages,as suggested by Frederick W.Taylor,is known as a(n)_____ system.

A)scale
B)increasing wage
C)differential rate
D)wide wage
E)merited pay

Question 29

Hugo Munsterberg believed that psychologists can contribute to industry by _____.For example,Munsterberg might suggest that a company implement a monthly bonus plan that rewards workers for achieving the goals set by their managers.

A)developing strategies to influence employees to follow their interests
B)encouraging employees to develop new products
C)devising management strategies to influence employees to follow management's interests
D)helping organizations increase diversity
E)helping companies increase efficiency and productivity

Question 30

Order the schools of thought in the behavioral viewpoint from earliest to most recent.

A)early behaviorism,human relations movement,scientific management
B)operations management,human relations movement,MBO phase
C)early behaviorism,human relations movement,behavioral science
D)early behaviorism,industrial,human relations movement
E)early behaviorism,human relations movement,administrative phase

Question 31

Because there are some positive aspects of bureaucracy,as proposed by Max Weber,Tammy,a restaurant manager,is interested in implementing certain aspects of the bureaucratic approach to management within her restaurant.Like Weber,Tammy feels bureaucracy is a

A)rational,efficient,cost-cutting tool based on principles of behaviorism.
B)sales-generating tool.
C)rational,efficient method of increasing diversity.
D)rational,efficient,ideal organization based on principles of logic.
E)rational,cost-cutting,efficient organization based on principles of synergy.

Question 32

To better meet corporate goals this year,Donna,a CEO,is encouraging her managers to focus on the major functions of management,which are

A)planning,organizing,recruiting,monitoring,and delegating.
B)recruiting,monitoring,delegating,and coordinating.
C)planning,organizing,leading,controlling,and arbitrating.
D)recruiting,planning,organizing,and leading.
E)planning,organizing,leading,and controlling.

Question 33

Amy is a package delivery service manager.She is interested in implementing ___________,the management philosophy pioneered by Frederick W.Taylor and Frank and Lillian Gilbreth,which scientifically studies work methods to improve the productivity of individual workers.In this particular case,Amy will study the routes that drivers take through a congested to city in order to identify ways that delivery staff can make the most deliveries in each two-hour period.

A)human relations management
B)scientific management
C)quantitative management
D)contingency management
E)management science

Question 34

Mateo,an IT manager,has been studying the actions that his workers perform in an attempt to improve their productivity.Mateo is utilizing

A)synergy.
B)management science.
C)behaviorism.
D)the Hawthorne effect.
E)scientific management.

Question 35

_______ suggested that organizations should be operated as "communities," with managers and subordinates working together in harmony.For example,in a publishing company run as a community,editors,editorial assistants,and publishers would work together to determine which books should be published.

A)Adam Smith
B)Frank Gilbreth
C)Hugo Munsterberg
D)Mary Parker Follett
E)Max Weber

Question 36

Hugo Munsterberg is known as

A)the father of scientific management.
B)a pioneer of scientific management.
C)the father of MBO.
D)the father of industrial psychology.
E)the originator of sociology.

Question 37

Susan,a movie theater manager,recently implemented a policy stating that workers who call in sick on Friday or Saturday nights will have their free movie privileges revoked for one month.In observing her workers,she has noticed that some of them feel that the new policy is not fair,and they have not been working as hard as they did in the past.What are Susan's employees doing?

A)sliding
B)soldiering
C)skimming
D)entitling
E)slipping

Question 38

Mary Parker Follett anticipated some of today's workplace trends,such as

A)worker empowerment and scientific management.
B)self-managed teams and worker empowerment.
C)quality assurance and transformation processes.
D)management-lead teams and diversity.
E)synergy and MBO.

Question 39

According to proponents of the Hawthorne effect,

A)giving less attention to employees increases worker productivity.
B)increasing diversity results in increases in worker productivity.
C)increasing synergy increases worker productivity.
D)cutting costs through outsourcing harms employee morale and productivity.
E)giving more attention to employees increases worker productivity,if they think managers care about them.

Question 40

The _______ approach to management focuses on scientific methods,time and motion studies,and job specialization with the goal of increasing productivity.

A)contingency
B)behavioral
C)MBO
D)systems
E)classical

Question 41

A computer manufacturer is seeking to cut costs by designing an inventory system that reduces the number of finished products in stock due to overproduction and to set in place a production schedule that better matches customers' orders.These plans are an example of ____ in action.

A)operations management
B)scientific management
C)production management
D)inventory oversight
E)inventory analysis

Question 42

Which disciplines does the field of behavioral science include?

A)psychology,sociology,forensic science,and economics
B)psychology,forensic science,sociology,anthropology,and economics
C)psychiatry,technology,environmental science,and forensic science
D)chemistry,biology,earth science,and management
E)psychology,sociology,anthropology,and economics

Question 43

When a line cook in a restaurant cooks uses raw meat to cook a hamburger that becomes part of the restaurant's Super Burger Special (available only on Saturday nights during football season),the cook is taking part in a

A)transformation process.
B)conversion process.
C)metamorphosis.
D)turning point.
E)therblig.

Question 44

Maslow's hierarchy of human needs included

A)physiological,financial,love,esteem,and self-actualization.
B)financial,love,friends,and self-actualization.
C)food and shelter,companionship,ego,and self-actualization.
D)physiological,safety,love,esteem,and self-actualization.
E)physiological,financial,love,and empowerment.

Question 45

Management science stresses the use of rational,science-based techniques and mathematical models to improve

A)decision making and goal setting.
B)synergy.
C)cost-cutting and planning.
D)decision making and strategic planning.
E)sales and customer relationships.

Question 46

Olivia,the general manager of a bowling center,believes that her workers are responsible and capable,and that they can be trusted when given responsibility.Olivia is an example of a(n)___ manager.

A)Theory Z
B)hierarchy
C)Theory X
D)accountable
E)Theory Y

Question 47

Behavioral science relies on scientific research for developing theories about human behavior that can be

A)used to provide sales tools.
B)used in behavioral science research.
C)helpful when looking at competitive products.
D)used to provide practical tools for managers.
E)used to establish MBO goals.

Question 48

The systems viewpoint regards the various parts making up the whole system as

A)microsystems.
B)macrosystems.
C)subsystems.
D)management collections.
E)organizational sets.

Question 49

A local farmer grows and sells tomatoes and beans to the local grocers.Look at the farmer's business as a system.In which category do the tomatoes,beans,squash,profits,and losses fall?

A)input
B)therblig
C)transformational process
D)result
E)output

Question 50

Paul English of Kayak.com uses new employees as an excuse for altering an existing open-office seating arrangement.English's action is an application of ____ to management.

A)the hostility-effect approach
B)the office politics approach
C)the behavioral science approach
D)the synergy research approach
E)a Theory X approach

Question 51

When the sales of a certain brand of diet soda slowed,a national grocery retailer decided to drop the price of that product,which resulted in a large increase in sales of the soda.This sales increase is a type of

A)Big Data.
B)input.
C)quality control.
D)outcry.
E)feedback.

Question 52

The systems viewpoint sees organizations as entities made up of four interrelated parts known as

A)planning,design,monitoring,production,and feedback.
B)planning,inputs,monitoring,outputs,and feedback.
C)inputs,outputs,transformation processes,and feedback.
D)planning,design,inputs,monitoring,outputs,and follow-up feedback.
E)vision,planning,design,production,monitoring,and follow-up feedback.

Question 53

The new chief information officer of a national pizza chain is using mathematical tools to aid in product ordering and scheduling decisions.The CIO is using

A)statistical management.
B)scientific management.
C)behavioral science.
D)management science.
E)goal management.

Question 54

The Jones family had a fire that destroyed their home.Various departments of a restoration company,from the initial cleanup crew to the assistance with the Jones family moving back in,worked together to achieve this goal.All of the company's interrelated parts working together to accomplish a goal (in this case,the restoration of the Jones home)is an example of a(n)

A)process.
B)stepped process.
C)input-output structure.
D)structure.
E)system.

Question 55

Gabriel,the CEO of a large global production company,is excited about the introduction of statistics and computer simulations in the design stage of the company's products.Gabriel is using

A)the design approach.
B)quantitative techniques.
C)MBO.
D)scientific management.
E)behavioral management.

Question 56

Donna,a chef in a fine restaurant,utilizes top-of-the-line equipment as she prepares meals for customers.Donna and her equipment are a(n)______ in the restaurant's system.

A)cog
B)piece
C)output-participant
D)output
E)input

Question 57

The three contemporary management perspectives are the ______ viewpoints.

A)quality management,behavioral,and customer
B)systems,scientific,and contingency
C)systems,contingency,and quality management
D)diversity,quantitative,and qualitative
E)contemporary,noncontemporary,and behavioral

Question 58

George,who owns a small grocery store,has a reputation in the community as a tough manager.Many customers have heard George yell at his employees because he feels that workers today are lazy,lack ambition,and hate to work.George is a(n)____ manager.

A)Theory Z
B)hierarchy
C)Theory X
D)accountable
E)Theory Y

Question 59

Operations management focuses on managing the production and delivery of an organization's products or services

A)more economically.
B)by utilizing motion studies.
C)with a more diverse workforce.
D)more effectively.
E)to more customers.

Question 60

Abraham Maslow proposed the

A)hierarchy of human needs.
B)Hawthorne effect.
C)hierarchy of production.
D)self-managed teams.
E)worker empowerment theory.

Question 61

The American economy consists of a complex combination of organizations and variables,such as countless companies differing in size and what they sell,current events,and markets (for example,the housing market and the stock market).According to ________,all of these independent factors interact with one another according to certain simple rules.

A)complexity theory
B)a closed market system
C)a market web
D)contingency theory
E)behavioral theory

Question 62

Cheyenne is the manager of a local small hotel.Just today Cheyenne received word that a major convention will be coming to town next month,and the demand for hotel rooms is expected to skyrocket.In a conversation with the owner,she asked,"What should our approach to pricing be for the week of the convention? Should we require payment in full at the time of the reservation?" Which management method is Cheyenne using?

A)the devil's advocate method
B)scientific management
C)the synergy method
D)the contingency viewpoint
E)the diversity viewpoint

Question 63

The management of a facility that manufactures parts for car brakes has a policy of testing only some of the items in each production run to locate errors,with the ultimate goal of minimizing errors by managing each stage of production.This process is an example of the ______ technique.

A)zero defects
B)minimal defects
C)JIT
D)quality focus
E)quality control

Question 64

An organization in which the management builds a commitment to learning,works to generate ideas with impact,and works to generalize ideas with impact is creating a(n)

A)focused organization.
B)learning organization.
C)evolving atmosphere.
D)customer-focused organization.
E)360-degree training structure.

Question 65

To gain a competitive edge this year,the upper management of a global IT company has decided to focus on customer service,employee training,and continuous quality improvement.This approach is known as

A)customer focus.
B)total quality management (TQM).
C)evidence-based management.
D)competitive edging.
E)constancy of purpose.

Question 66

This question has two parts;be sure to answer both.First,explain the five positive bureaucratic features that Max Weber believed contributed to a better-performing organization.Second,imagine that you are the manager of a small catering company that specializes in catering outdoor events,such as weddings and graduation parties.Apply each of Weber's five bureaucratic features to your business,explaining how you will use each to your advantage.

Question 67

_______ believed that quality stemmed from "constancy of purpose," and that managers should stress teamwork,be helpful rather than simply give orders,and make employees feel comfortable about asking questions.

A)Frank and Lillian Gilbreth
B)Henri Fayol
C)Max Weber
D)Mary Parker Follett
E)W.Edwards Deming

Question 68

Joseph Juran defined quality as "fitness for use," which means that

A)a product or service should be priced competitively.
B)an organization should produce products that will help customers stay healthy.
C)companies should focus on products that help the community.
D)products should be very durable.
E)a product or service should satisfy a customer's real needs.

Question 69

For years ABC Copier,a copier machine supplier,enjoyed strong sales and a huge share of the copier market,far ahead of its nearest competitor.However,over the years,ABC seldom asked customers for feedback.So when some of ABC's competition responded to customers' needs and started offering copiers with new features (such as wireless printing from laptop and tablet computers),ABC lost much of its market share.ABC's system is best described as

A)open.
B)isolated.
C)blind.
D)internal.
E)closed.

Question 70

The management of Prime Manufacturing is implementing a plan to minimize production mistakes by allowing teams that work in each area of the production facility to develop a plan and then monitor their area to ensure the reduction of errors.The managers are engaging in

A)efficiency monitoring.
B)quality control.
C)innovative planning.
D)the minimal defect approach.
E)JIT.

Question 71

Gary Hamel suggests we need to look at management as a process and then make improvements and innovation

A)intuitively.
B)only if doing so results in synergy.
C)ongoing and systematic.
D)only if doing so saves money.
E)occasionally.

Question 72

Right Motors calls its customers after they purchase an automobile from the dealership.In addition,every year customers are asked to complete a short survey about the car they purchased from Right Motors and their customer-service experiences with the dealership.Right Motors is an example of a(n)___ system.

A)open
B)closed
C)open-door
D)environmental
E)ongoing

Question 73

This question has two parts;be sure to answer both.First,explain at least one of Mary Parker Follett's ideas on how organizations should become more democratic.Next,suppose you work at an advertising agency as an account manager.You are responsible for keeping your clients (the advertisers)happy,but you do not do the creative work of designing the ads.Explain how you might manage a conflict with one of your most talented ad designers,who does not agree with the client's ideas and does not want to implement them.

Question 74

Dominique,an executive chef in a large hotel,recently attended a training conference sponsored by several top professionals in his field,where he learned numerous ways his restaurant and hotel can better serve customers.Dominique is excited that management asked him to present this information to the hotel staff so that the restaurant and hotel can make needed improvements.Dominique's hotel is a(n)_____ organization.

A)focused
B)learning
C)evolving
D)customer-focused
E)360-degree

Question 75

When a manager assesses a particular situation and decides what to do according to the individual and environmental situation,the manager is utilizing the ____ viewpoint.

A)behavioral
B)systems
C)scientific
D)flexibility
E)contingency

Question 76

This question has two parts;be sure to answer both.First,explain the three ways Hugo Munsterberg believed psychologists could contribute to industry.Next,imagine that you manage a hair salon and apply each of Munsterberg's principles to your daily tasks as a manager.

Question 77

Kiddie Village is a successful daycare center.It focuses on actively developing,finding,and communicating new knowledge to its employees so that workers can modify their behavior to reflect this new knowledge.Kiddie Village is an example of a(n)_______ organization.

A)customer-focused
B)learning
C)research
D)evolving
E)360-degree

Question 78

This question has two parts;be sure to answer both.First,articulate why the classical viewpoint is important,providing an example of a successful company that has benefited from applying the theories of the classical viewpoint.Second,imagine that you manage a scientific lab that develops women's health and beauty products.Give two examples of how you might apply the classical viewpoint in the lab.

Question 79

This question has three parts;be sure to answer each one.First,explain soldiering.Second,describe the four principles of science that Frederick Taylor believed managers could use to eliminate soldiering.Third,imagine that you manage a small landscaping firm where you believe that the workers are soldiering because they are resentful of having to work in high levels of heat and humidity.Describe the specific actions you would take to overcome soldiering among this group of workers.

Question 80

After returning home from a trade show,Mr.Jones,the president of a manufacturing company,called a meeting of his production department.He indicated that the company would soon be implementing a new policy of _______,which focuses on worker performance and urges employees to strive for zero defects.

A)quality assurance
B)constancy of purpose
C)redesign
D)scientific management
E)the total quality movement