Deck 9: Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Question 1

Which of the following is TRUE about most adolescents today?

A)They have a positive self-image rather than an image of storm-and-stress.
B)They have a more cynical view of themselves and others.
C)They are at significant risk for juvenile delinquency.
D)They experience greater family stability than in past decades.

Answer 1

They have a positive self-image rather than an image of storm-and-stress.

Question 2

The period of rapid hormonal change and physical maturation that takes place during early adolescence is called:

A)menarche.
B)puberty.
C)maturation.
D)a growth spurt.

Answer 2

puberty.

Question 3

Approximately what percentage of adolescents around the world has a positive self-image?

A)22
B)46
C)65
D)73

Answer 3

73

Question 4

Ms.Chang is trying to prepare her health-class students for the onset of puberty.What should she tell the boys that they are likely to experience first?

A)the first ejaculation
B)changes in voice
C)increased penis and testicle size
D)growth of facial hair

Question 5

Samantha is currently living in the United States.She was 14½ years old when she experienced menarche.Samantha is:

A)slightly younger than the average age for menarche in Europe.
B)around the average age for menarche in the United States.
C)older than the average age for menarche in the United States.
D)younger than the average age for menarche in the United States.

Question 6

Height and body changes occur about ________ year(s)earlier in girls than they do in boys.

A)1
B)1½
C)2
D)2½

Question 7

________ is the dominant hormone in males,whereas ________ is the dominant hormone in females.

A)Testosterone;estradiol
B)Estrogen;androgen
C)Estradiol;estrogen
D)Androgen;estradiol

Question 8

Nicolas is about to enter puberty.All of the following will play a role in creating biological changes,EXCEPT:

A)the pituitary gland.
B)the hypothalamus.
C)the testes.
D)the pineal gland.

Question 9

What is most noticeable about increases in height during puberty?

A)A major portion of a person's eventual height is added during puberty.
B)There is very little difference between males and females during this time.
C)Males' height increases both earlier and more than females' height.
D)For a brief period of time,increases in height in puberty are very rapid.

Question 10

Thirteen-year-old Grace's blood tests indicate that her levels of testosterone are about twice as high as they were a year ago,and that her estradiol levels are about eight times higher than last year's.Grace is most likely experiencing:

A)normal changes as a result of having entered puberty.
B)difficulties because of significant imbalances in hormonal levels.
C)abnormal levels of development of male physical characteristics.
D)abnormal levels of development of female physical characteristics.

Question 11

__________ puberty is the term used to describe a very early onset and rapid progression of pubertal changes.

A)Premature
B)Proactive
C)Positive
D)Precocious

Question 12

Puberty refers to a period of:

A)declining abstract thought and emotional maturation during late adolescence.
B)declining gross motor development during late childhood.
C)rapid psychological and emotional maturation during adolescence.
D)sexual maturation and increases in height and weight during adolescence.

Question 13

Ms.Chang is trying to prepare her health-class students for the onset of puberty.What should she tell the girls that they are likely to experience first?

A)widening of the hips
B)growth of pubic hair
C)first menstrual cycle
D)growth of armpit hair

Question 14

The growth spurt that characterizes pubertal change occurs ________ for girls than for boys and begins at around age ________ for girls.

A)earlier;9
B)earlier;11
C)later;12
D)later;14

Question 15

For the majority of teens,adolescence is marked by:

A)stress and storm.
B)rebellion.
C)successful transitions.
D)low self-esteem.

Question 16

It is difficult to know exactly when puberty begins and ends because:

A)it is a sudden process with few distinguishing physical events.
B)it is not a single sudden event,but rather a series of changes.
C)it is completed before the adolescent is aware of what is happening.
D)adolescents do not confide about bodily changes to parents or doctors.

Question 17

Which theorist believed that adolescence is a time of "storm and stress"?

A)Anna Freud
B)Jean Piaget
C)G.Stanley Hall
D)Daniel Offer

Question 18

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A)Boys go through growth spurts earlier than girls do.
B)Both boys and girls who are shorter than their peers before puberty will surpass their peers during the adolescent growth spurt.
C)Girls are just as tall as and weigh more than boys before puberty.
D)After puberty,girls will be shorter but heavier than boys will be.

Question 19

Recent research about hormones and behavior have found the relationship to be:

A)unidirectional.
B)bidirectional.
C)correlative.
D)not statistically significant.

Question 20

The hormone that is associated with breast,uterine,and skeletal development is:

A)progesterone.
B)estradiol.
C)luteinizing hormone.
D)gonadotrophin-releasing hormone.

Question 21

During adolescence,boys have an increase in ______,whereas girls have an increase in ______.

A)weight;height
B)muscle mass;body fat
C)hypothalamus;hippocampus
D)arm length;leg length

Question 22

Approximately what percent of adolescents are sexually experienced will acquire a sexually transmitted disease?

A)10
B)15
C)20
D)25

Question 23

Who among the following will be most dissatisfied with body image?

A)a female in early adolescence
B)a female in late adolescence
C)a male in early adolescence
D)a male in late adolescence

Question 24

All of the following help to determine puberty's timing,EXCEPT:

A)nutrition.
B)genetics.
C)health.
D)toxins.

Question 25

Jerome is going through puberty quite early.Research indicates that Jerome is likely to:

A)be rejected by his peers.
B)have a negative self-image.
C)have a positive self-image.
D)be highly successful in his later career.

Question 26

In general,which one of the following teenagers is most likely to be sexually active?

A)Allen,who is an African-American male
B)George,who is an Asian-American male
C)Tarah,who is a European-American female
D)Yolanda,who is an African-American female

Question 27

Recent research has found that early-maturing girls are more likely than late-maturing girls to be:

A)satisfied with their figures while in high school.
B)taller and thinner when they reach high school.
C)less popular with males their own age than others.
D)depressed,smoke,drink,have eating disorders.

Question 28

Adolescents tend to respond with "gut" reactions to emotional stimuli,whereas adults are more likely to respond in more rational,reasoned ways.Recent research suggests that this may be because:

A)adults have a more completely developed prefrontal cortex.
B)adults have a more completely developed amygdala.
C)adolescents have a less completely developed cerebellum.
D)adolescents have a less completely developed occipital lobe.

Question 29

The normal age range during which menarche occurs in girls in the United States is between ____ and ____ years.

A)9;13
B)8;14
C)8: 13
D)9: 15

Question 30

Maggy is 16 and has not yet matured physically.According to recent research,which of the following will be most likely when Maggy does complete puberty?

A)She will be more likely to graduate from high school than early-maturing girls.
B)She will be less satisfied with her figure than early-maturing girls.
C)She will be more likely to have an eating disorder than early-maturing girls.
D)She will be more likely to drop out of school than early-maturing girls.

Question 31

Juanita engaged in sexual intercourse at the age of 13.Research indicates that Juanita is likely to:

A)develop a more positive sexual identity.
B)use drugs,be delinquent,and have school-related problems.
C)marry much earlier than other girls.
D)abstain from sex later in adolescence.

Question 32

By age _______,over three-quarters of U.S.adolescents have had sexual intercourse.

A)14
B)16
C)18
D)20

Question 33

Which of the following factors has NOT been shown in research to be related to earlier sexually intimate behaviors in girls?

A)poor teacher-student relationships
B)early menarche
C)alcohol use
D)poor parent-child relationships

Question 34

Wiesner and Ittel (2002)found that,compared to late-maturing girls,early-maturing girls were more likely to:

A)delay getting married.
B)leave home later.
C)have older friends.
D)have better self-images.

Question 35

The normal age range during which the pubertal sequence starts for boys in the United States is between ____ and ____ years.

A)9;13
B)10;13½
C)8: 14
D)10: 12

Question 36

The proportion of adolescent girls who have experienced intercourse by age 17 is highest in:

A)Jamaica.
B)Mali.
C)Tanzania.
D)the United States.

Question 37

In 2007,approximately what percentage of U.S.high school students reported that they had used a contraceptive the last time they had intercourse?

A)18
B)35
C)61
D)83

Question 38

The Berkeley Longitudinal Study showed that compared with late-maturing boys,early-maturing boys saw themselves:

A)less positively.
B)more positively.
C)bigger and stronger.
D)bigger but more awkward.

Question 39

Cognitive processes such as reasoning,decision making,and self-control may be weak in adolescence because the __________ is the last part of the brain to mature.

A)amygdala
B)brain stem
C)hypothalamus
D)prefrontal cortex

Question 40

The proportion of adolescent boys who have experienced intercourse by age 17 is highest in:

A)Brazil.
B)China.
C)Jamaica.
D)the United States.

Question 41

Seventeen-year-old Nicholas enjoys exercising,and does so on a regular basis.According to the National Youth Risk Survey,which of the following is most likely to be true about Nicholas?

A)He is most likely to be a non-Latino White adolescent.
B)He is most likely to be a Latino adolescent.
C)He is most likely to be an Asian-American adolescent.
D)He is most likely to be an African-American adolescent.

Question 42

Overall,adolescents sleep:

A)more than their bodies need.
B)less than their bodies need.
C)just the right amount for their bodies.
D)way too much!

Question 43

Mollie is currently 15 and pregnant.Which of the following is most likely to be true about Mollie?

A)She is probably poor and a minority.
B)She is likely to have the baby and put it up for adoption.
C)She is less likely to finish high school if she has the baby.
D)She is twice as likely to have an abortion as to give birth.

Question 44

Which statement best describes U.S.adolescent pregnancy rates in the year 2004?

A)They have steadily risen since 1950.
B)They have risen,but only among ethnic minorities.
C)They are unchanged from the rates of 20 years ago.
D)They hit a record low,dropping 30% since 1991.

Question 45

According to a research study that examined adolescents in 28 different countries,teenagers in the United States and ________ were the most likely to eat fried food and least likely to eat fruits and vegetables.

A)France
B)India
C)Mali
D)Great Britain

Question 46

The third leading cause of death for American adolescents is/are:

A)accidents.
B)suicide.
C)homicide.
D)chronic diseases.

Question 47

In a single act of unprotected sex with an infected partner,a teenage girl has a _______ risk of getting HIV.

A)1%
B)10%
C)25%
D)50%

Question 48

Lizette is 16 years old,and gets an average of 8½ hours of sleep per night.According to research by Carskadon and colleagues,which of the following is TRUE regarding Lizette's sleeping habits?

A)Lizette is getting too little sleep.
B)Lizette is getting too much sleep.
C)Lizette is getting just the right amount of sleep.
D)Lizette is probably taking sleeping pills to help her sleep so much.

Question 49

Patricia and Fernando are worried that their daughter's sex education program will encourage her to have sex because the class included information about contraceptive use.Research suggests that:

A)their fears are unfounded.
B)they are wise to be concerned,because there is a moderate relationship between knowledge about contraceptives and the tendency to engage in sexual intercourse at an earlier age.
C)they are wise to be concerned,because there is a mild relationship between knowledge about contraceptives and the likelihood to have more sexual partners.
D)they should immediately take their daughter out of the class,because there is considerable research to suggest that contraceptive-use sex education programs lead to higher sexual activity and a higher likelihood to contract a sexually transmitted infection.

Question 50

Which of the following most accurately describes the situation for the children of single teenage mothers?

A)They are less likely to live in poverty than are children born to single older women.
B)They start out at higher physical risk than children born to older mothers but catch up by elementary school.
C)They are more likely to have low birth weights,neurological problems,and childhood illness.
D)They are not found to be successful in education or to experience other positive outcomes.

Question 51

_______ percent of teenage motor vehicle fatalities are attributed to alcohol.

A)Sixteen
B)Twenty-eight
C)Fifty
D)Sixty-one

Question 52

In the United States,an adolescent is most likely to die from:

A)accidents.
B)suicide.
C)homicide.
D)disease.

Question 53

Which of the following is NOT one of the physical benefits of regular exercise in adolescence?

A)lower triglyceride levels
B)lower blood pressure
C)lower incidence of type I diabetes
D)lower incidence of drug use

Question 54

Research suggests that approximately one in every ____ 20-year-old men eat fast food at least three times each week.

A)2
B)3
C)4
D)5

Question 55

Driving to the amusement park,teen Pedro got into a car accident.This was most likely because:

A)he has limited driving experience.
B)he was drinking and driving.
C)his car was not well maintained.
D)all of the above

Question 56

The second leading cause of death for American adolescents is/are:

A)accidents
B)suicide
C)homicide
D)diseases

Question 57

Which of the following is not an educational program designed to help reduce adolescent pregnancy?

A)Head Start
B)Girls,Inc.
C)Health Bridge
D)Will Power/Won't Power

Question 58

In a single act of unprotected sex with an infected partner,a teenage girl has a _______ risk of contracting gonorrhea.

A)20%
B)30%
C)40%
D)50%

Question 59

In a single act of unprotected sex with an infected partner,a teenage girl has a _______ risk of acquiring genital herpes.

A)10%
B)30%
C)50%
D)70%

Question 60

Cross-cultural comparisons suggest that ________ has the highest adolescent pregnancy rates in the industrialized world.

A)Canada
B)Japan
C)Netherlands
D)the United States

Question 61

People with anorexia nervosa differ from people with bulimia nervosa in the:

A)severity of their disorders.
B)degree of control they have over food intake.
C)psychological factors underlying their disorders.
D)degree of control they have over their families' demands of them.

Question 62

The obituary stated that Pat was a victim of a homicide.It is most likely that Pat was:

A)an African-American adolescent boy.
B)a Latin(o)-American adolescent boy.
C)an African-American adolescent girl.
D)a Latin(a)-American adolescent girl.

Question 63

Alondra is "fashionably" thin.She does not have good eating habits though,often eating large amounts at one time and then practically nothing for days.Alondra often seems depressed and concerned over the lack of control she feels in her life.Alondra appears to be suffering from

A)bulimia nervosa.
B)rumination disorder.
C)anorexia nervosa.
D)bulimarexia nervosa.

Question 64

Anorexia nervosa is:

A)an eating disorder that involves a binge-and-purge sequence on a regular basis.
B)an anxiety disorder whose chief symptom is unrealistic fear of food.
C)a drug-induced reaction that produces tremors and vomiting.
D)an eating disorder that can result in death by starvation.

Question 65

About ________ of American girls develop anorexia nervosa.

A)1%
B)3%
C)5%
D)10%

Question 66

If you traveled to several different countries,where would you see the highest rates of illegal drug use by teenagers?

A)in England
B)in Germany
C)in Denmark
D)in America

Question 67

"What if the sun were to explode?" says Alene."But it never has," replies Janis."But what if it did?" pushes Alene."But it never has!" insists Janis.In this example,Alene is exhibiting ________ thought,whereas Janis is showing ________ thought.

A)idealistic;pessimistic
B)concrete;abstract
C)deductive;inductive
D)abstract;concrete

Question 68

Jordyn has a passion for food that leads her to gorge on entire half-gallons of ice cream,bags of potato chips,or boxes of cookies at a time.However,after she gorges,she "compensates" by running as many as 10 miles and sometimes even makes herself vomit.This scenario would probably lead a physician to diagnose Jordyn as having:

A)anorexia nervosa.
B)bulimia nervosa.
C)an overeating disorder.
D)bulimarexia.

Question 69

Jackie's doctor is concerned that Jackie is losing too much weight.However,Jackie,who is 16,thinks her legs are "too fat" and continues dieting.Jackie is at risk for developing which type of eating disorder?

A)bulimia nervosa
B)gluttony
C)gross overeating
D)anorexia nervosa

Question 70

Tasha is having difficulty getting along with her best friend.She decides to think through the problem,writing down all the difficulties and try to generate possible reasons for them.She then considers what she can do to deal with the problems,weighing the pros and cons of each possibility.She is using which of the following to solve her problem?

A)idealistic-scenario reasoning
B)concrete-operational reasoning
C)adolescent-egocentric reasoning
D)hypothetical-deductive reasoning

Question 71

One of the diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa is that the sufferer will not maintain a weight that is at least _____ of normal for their age and height.

A)90%
B)85%
C)80%
D)75%

Question 72

Younger children do not engage in the same type of egocentric thought as adolescents,because younger children:

A)cannot think as concretely or systematically.
B)are overly sensitive to others' perspectives.
C)are naturally more other-oriented.
D)cannot think abstractly or from another's point of view.

Question 73

The cognitive ability to solve problems that develops in adolescence is termed ________ by Jean Piaget.

A)trial-and-error reasoning
B)hypothetical-deductive reasoning
C)formal thinking
D)logical reasoning

Question 74

What question can 12-year-old Jackson answer that he could not answer when he was younger?

A)Are six pennies worth more than two dimes?
B)Does heaven exist?
C)Was Delaware one of the original 13 colonies?
D)How are Democrats and Republicans different?

Question 75

Contrary to Jean Piaget's views,the development of formal operational thought is:

A)universal.
B)significantly influenced by one's culture.
C)only minimally affected by the type of education one receives.
D)fairly stable regardless of socioeconomic status.

Question 76

People who suffer from anorexia use food as a means of:

A)control.
B)reward.
C)punishment.
D)gaining popularity.

Question 77

Asia's parents are concerned about her.Asia constantly moves at a frantic pace.She eats very little,though she enjoys helping her parents cook.She worries obsessively about her weight even though she has lost more than enough in the past year.Which of the following is the most accurate statement about this situation?

A)Asia is showing an adolescent's normal preoccupation with her bodily changes.
B)Asia's preoccupation with her body will most likely stop on its own.
C)Asia is showing signs of bulimia,and her parents are right to be concerned.
D)Asia is showing signs of anorexia,and her parents are right to be concerned.

Question 78

Anorexia and bulimia affect:

A)men and women equally.
B)men more than women.
C)women more than men.
D)women more than older men,but less than younger men.

Question 79

Most people with anorexia nervosa are from:

A)middle- and upper-income families.
B)poor and working-class families.
C)Asian-American and African-American families.
D)families with low achievement demands.

Question 80

Recent research indicates that formal operational thinking during adolescence:

A)rarely occurs.
B)develops universally across cultures.
C)is influenced by culture and experience.
D)develops at younger ages than Piaget proposed.