Deck 12: Socioemotional Development in Early Adulthood

Question 1

Angelina is having some difficulty with her boyfriend.She wants to maintain a close and supportive relationship,but at times she feels smothered by the relationship.Angelina is:

A)experiencing a conflict between intimacy and independence.
B)showing the pseudo-intimate style of intimate interaction.
C)functioning at the self-focused level of relationship maturity.
D)experiencing an imbalance between parental connectedness and intimacy.

Answer 1

experiencing a conflict between intimacy and independence.

Question 2

Results from a recent study linking adults' current attachment styles with other aspects of their lives have shown that adults with insecure attachment styles tend to be:

A)more likely to be depressed than securely attached adults.
B)less likely to be depressed than securely attached adults.
C)equally likely to be depressed as securely attached adults.
D)more likely to give support when their partner is distressed.

Answer 2

more likely to be depressed than securely attached adults.

Question 3

Research studies linking early infant attachments with parents and later attachments in adult romantic relationships have suggested that:

A)securely attached infants become securely attached adults in romantic relationships,but insecure attachment in infancy does not predict adult attachment in romantic relationships.
B)securely attached infants usually become securely attached adults in romantic relationships,but this association may be lessened by stressful and disruptive experiences in childhood.
C)there is no relationship between early infant attachment with parents and later attachment in adult romantic relationships.
D)securely attached infants who also had easy temperaments are more likely to have secure adult romantic attachments;however,securely attached infants with difficult temperaments are unable to form secure attachments with adult romantic partners.

Answer 3

securely attached infants usually become securely attached adults in romantic relationships,but this association may be lessened by stressful and disruptive experiences in childhood.

Question 4

According to Erik Erikson,achieving intimacy means to be able to:

A)have a sexual relationship with someone.
B)detach your thoughts from your emotions.
C)comfortably live in close proximity to someone.
D)find oneself while losing oneself in another.

Question 5

A research team is conducting a longitudinal assessment of personality development,measuring each individual's personality traits at ages 5,10,15,20,25,and 40 years.Which of the following would most likely be found in this study?

A)The closer the ages of assessment,the greater the difference in personality.
B)The closer the ages of assessment,the more continuous development appears to be.
C)The farther apart the ages of assessment,the greater the similarity in personality.
D)The farther apart the ages of assessment,the more continuous development appears to be.

Question 6

Relationships with spouses and lovers tend to differ from relationships with friends in the areas of:

A)sexuality and infatuation.
B)intimacy and spontaneity.
C)dependency and trust.
D)respect and confiding.

Question 7

According to researcher Ellen Berscheid,the most important ingredient of romantic love is:

A)friendship.
B)sexual desire.
C)long-term commitment.
D)spontaneity in behavior.

Question 8

Shelley has been dating Morgan for about a month how.Although she agreed to date him with some reluctance,she often distances herself from Morgan.She will decline to go out on a date even though she has no better plans,but will also feel lonely when the evening comes and she is not with Morgan for the evening.Shelley may be demonstrating a(n)_________ attachment style.

A)ambivalent
B)secure
C)anxious
D)avoidant

Question 9

According to the author of your text,relationships in early adulthood strive to balance:

A)intimacy,individuality,and compromise.
B)passion,intimacy,and commitment.
C)interconnection,independence,and negotiation.
D)independence,identity,and intimacy.

Question 10

If researchers measure an individual's self-concept at ages 10,20,30,and 40 years,where are they likely to find the most self-concept stability?

A)between the ages of 10 and 30
B)between the ages of 20 and 30
C)between the ages of 20 and 40
D)There will be little change in self-concept over the life span.

Question 11

Researchers (and regular people)have defined love in many different ways.Which of the following dimensions tend to be included in most definitions of love?

A)altruism
B)friendship
C)intimacy
D)dependency

Question 12

Eros/passionate love is:

A)companionate love.
B)romantic love.
C)fatuous love.
D)intimate love.

Question 13

Romantic love differs from both affectionate love and friendship in its:

A)degree of intimacy.
B)degree of respect for the partner.
C)degree of commitment.
D)degree of sexual desire.

Question 14

According to Erik Erikson,achievement of intimacy requires that an individual:

A)has achieved identity.
B)significantly revise his or her sense of identity.
C)go through an extended solo period.
D)psychologically identify with and surrender his or her identity to a leader figure.

Question 15

Secure attachment to parents during childhood correlates with:

A)higher academic achievement in college.
B)stronger sibling relationships in adulthood.
C)more satisfaction with adult relationships.
D)being less supportive in distress as adults.

Question 16

What percentage of adults describes themselves as being securely attached?

A)80-90
B)60-80
C)50-60
D)30-50

Question 17

Which aspect of love becomes increasingly important to the young adult?

A)altruism
B)friendship
C)intimacy
D)dependency

Question 18

What is Erik Erikson's psychosocial crisis for the person in early adulthood?

A)identity versus identity confusion
B)generativity versus stagnation
C)integrity versus despair
D)intimacy versus isolation

Question 19

According to Erik Erikson,if individuals do not develop intimacy,they face:

A)low self-esteem.
B)insecure attachment.
C)despair.
D)isolation.

Question 20

Early adulthood is linked with childhood in that:

A)prior life experiences influence what we are like in adulthood.
B)early childhood experiences determine what one is like as an adult.
C)early childhood experiences have little impact on adult personality.
D)prior life experiences are less important than current situations for adult personality.

Question 21

In which country is cohabitation virtually universal before marriage?

A)France
B)Sweden
C)the United States
D)Kenya

Question 22

If American men and women are going to get married at some point in their life,the average age for a first marriage as of 2007 was around:

A)30 for men,29 for women.
B)37 for men,36 for women.
C)27 for men,26 for women.
D)25 for men,24 for women.

Question 23

The major change in the last 60 years that has increased the fragility of marriages is:

A)the rise in age at which people choose to marry.
B)the tendency to wait longer before having children.
C)the push for economic success.
D)the desire for personal fulfillment both inside and outside of marriage.

Question 24

What is needed for a couple to remain happy together after their romantic love fades?

A)Research indicates that it is not possible for a couple to remain truly happy after romantic love fades.
B)Romantic love involves making a strong and long-lasting commitment to the partner which remains once the romantic love fades.
C)Romantic love is replaced by affectionate love which is based on a reduction in anxiety about being lonely and a comfortable familiarity.
D)Romantic love is replaced by a sense of sexual attraction in which the partners become interested in getting to know one another better.

Question 25

Rob and Alise have just moved in together,so that they can spend more time with each other and get to know each other better.Research indicates that:

A)within 1 year Rob and Alise will no longer be living together.
B)within 1 year Rob and Alise will be married.
C)Rob and Alise will continue to live together for several more years before they marry.
D)Rob and Alise will have a child within a year but will not marry.

Question 26

Julie describes how she feels about Mark: "I'm very physically attracted to him,but we aren't what you would call emotionally close.I love being with him,but I don't know that this will be a long-lasting relationship." According to Robert Sternberg's theory of love,which type of love is Julie experiencing?

A)romantic love
B)infatuated love
C)sexual love
D)companionate love

Question 27

In 1970,approximately _____ million American couples reported that they cohabitated before getting married;in the year 2005,more than ______ million reported that they had cohabitated before getting married.

A)½;6.5
B)2;11
C)3;6
D)5;7

Question 28

According to Robert Sternberg's triarchic theory of love,consummate love is characterized by:

A)passion,intimacy,and commitment.
B)romance,shared disclosure,and sexual desire.
C)commitment and exclusiveness.
D)eroticism and companionship.

Question 29

Penelope is describing her marriage of 15 years: "My husband and I were eating breakfast the other day.Neither of us was talking,both of us just reading and thinking our own thoughts.But it was a very comfortable silence,and I love it!" What aspect of their relationship does this illustrate?

A)passion
B)infatuation
C)romantic love
D)affectionate love

Question 30

Which of the following is a common problem of being single?

A)immaturity
B)lack of self-knowledge
C)finding a niche in a marriage-oriented society
D)responsibility for one's own actions

Question 31

Since the early 1900s,the goal of maintaining a stable marriage has:

A)become even more important than ever.
B)decreased in its level of relative importance.
C)replaced self-fulfillment as the most important life goal.
D)been replaced by self-fulfillment as the most important life goal.

Question 32

Julia,who has just turned 30 years old,has never married.She is likely to feel:

A)content with her independence and freedom.
B)more pressure from society to get married.
C)resentful that most of her friends are married.
D)desperate to find an available partner.

Question 33

Kristin and Greg have been dating each other for several years.When Kristin is asked by a friend to describe her feelings for Greg,she explains that she feels a deep sense of caring for him and often desires to have him near her.She does not,however,mention any strong sexual urges or desires for Greg.Which type of love is Kristin expressing for Greg?

A)romantic
B)indulgent
C)affectionate
D)altruistic

Question 34

According to research,the number of men between the ages of 20 and 29 years who reported that they were single in 2006 had risen to ____ percent in the United States.

A)60
B)75
C)80
D)95

Question 35

Research suggests that:

A)cohabiting before marriage increases marital satisfaction.
B)cohabiting before marriage increases the likelihood of divorce.
C)cohabiting couples have less stress and pressure than married couples.
D)relationships in cohabitation are not as equal as in marriage.

Question 36

According to Robert Sternberg's triarchic theory of love,affectionate love is characterized by:

A)intimacy and commitment.
B)shared activities and self-disclosure.
C)exclusivity and passion.
D)companionship and self-disclosure.

Question 37

Which of the following is NOT a component of Sternberg's triarchic theory of love?

A)passion
B)consummation
C)commitment
D)intimacy

Question 38

Susan and Eduardo say that although they are not as physically attracted to one another as they once were,they are emotionally very close and are committed to making their relationship work.Which of the following would Robert Sternberg say is TRUE about their love?

A)They are not really in love with one another.
B)They are likely to be happy together for a long time.
C)They are experiencing the fullest and strongest type of love.
D)They are infatuated with one another but probably will split up before long.

Question 39

Suzie and Richard are cohabitating,whereas Becky and Bernard are married.It is likely that:

A)compared to Becky and Bernard,Suzie and Richard are less likely to believe in marriage.
B)compared to Becky and Bernard,Suzie and Richard's relationship will last longer.
C)compared to Suzie and Richard,Becky and Bernard feel more emotional strain on their relationship.
D)compared to Suzie and Richard,Becky and Bernard have less conventional beliefs about marriage.

Question 40

In general,being single offers the potential advantage of _________ but the potential disadvantage of ________.

A)shared expenses;less income
B)autonomous decision-making;lack of intimacy
C)emotional distance;lack of involvement
D)shared experiences;lack of self-knowledge

Question 41

Gary is a psychologist who does a lot of work writing textbooks for publishing companies.His wife,Zola,is a stay-at-home mom.Gary asks Zola if she can help him by doing some of the "busy" work on his projects,like re-numbering items,spell-checking his work,and formatting documents.By getting her involved,Gary is more able to spend his time focusing on the content of his project.According to Gottman,which of the following goals of marriage is accomplished when Gary and Zola work together like this?

A)letting your partner influence you
B)nurturing fondness and admiration
C)creating shared meaning
D)establishing love maps

Question 42

All of the following are inaccurate myths about gay and lesbian couples,EXCEPT:

A)they have a large number of sexual partners.
B)they do not have long-term relationships.
C)one partner assumes a masculine role,and one partner assumes a feminine role.
D)some committed gay couples may have an open relationship that allows the possibility of sex outside the relationship.

Question 43

Which of the following factors is NOT associated with an increase in divorce?

A)marrying late in life
B)having a baby before marriage
C)low education levels
D)low income

Question 44

Which of the following is NOT one of the outcomes of married couples deciding to have only one child?

A)Women have more time to pursue other endeavors beyond parenting.
B)Women spend less actual time in their child's development.
C)Parental care is more likely to be supplemented by institutional care,such as day care.
D)Men invest less time in fathering.

Question 45

On average,divorced adults remarry within __ years after divorcing.

A)1
B)3
C)5
D)10

Question 46

Whereas first-married couples have the greatest chance of divorcing after _____ year(s)of marriage,remarried couples are more likely to divorce in the ________ of marriage.

A)5 to 10;first several years
B)1 or 2;first year
C)3 to 5;first six months
D)1 to 5;first three months

Question 47

Suggested that the primary struggle of early adulthood is establishing a sense of intimacy in life.A lack of intimacy would lead to isolation.

Question 48

Deborah Tannen analyzed the talk of men and women and found that compared with women,men more commonly engage in _________ talk,because for men,talk is for ________.

A)rapport;information
B)report;information
C)rapport;interaction
D)report;interaction

Question 49

Between 1980 and 2007 the divorce rate in the United States:

A)increased moderately.
B)increased significantly.
C)stayed the same.
D)decreased moderately.

Question 50

One of the benefits of marriage is:

A)increased longevity.
B)more financial security.
C)an improved gender identity.
D)better cognitive functioning.

Question 51

Adults' expectations about their roles as parents:

A)usually are well coordinated with their other roles in life.
B)generally are quite romantic and emotional.
C)tend to be wrong when the children actually arrive.
D)vary widely from couple to couple.

Question 52

Which of the following is NOT one of the recommendations for having a successful and happy life after divorce that is cited by your author?

A)Focus on the future,not on the past.
B)Do not expect success and happiness in everything you do.
C)Recommit yourself to your physical health and well-being.
D)Think of a divorced as an opportunity to grow personally and develop positive relationships.

Question 53

For men,talk is ________,whereas for women,talk is ________.

A)reporting;exchanging
B)informational;relational
C)factual;emotional
D)engaging;inviting

Question 54

With regard to the timing of remarriage,in the United States:

A)men tend to remarry sooner than women do.
B)women tend to remarry sooner than men do.
C)European-American women tend to remarry sooner then men,but this is not the case for other ethnic groups in the United States.
D)European-American men tend to remarry sooner than women do,but this is not the case for other ethnic groups in the United States.

Question 55

Cassie waited until she was well established in her career before having children.Which of the following is likely to be TRUE for Cassie?

A)She will have fewer plans for and expectations about her children than a younger mother.
B)She will have fewer medical problems during pregnancy and delivery than a younger mother.
C)She will have more income for child-rearing expenses than a younger mother would have.
D)She will be more likely to be divorced and end up being a single parent than a younger mother.

Question 56

Hannah understands her husband very well.She knows that on Sundays he likes to watch football on television,so she often arranges play-dates for their kids so she can leave him alone to watch the games.Sam also knows Hannah very well,and realizes that she is not a "morning person." On Saturdays,Sam gets out of bed early without disturbing Hannah,wakes up the kids,and watches cartoons on television with them while Hannah sleeps in.John Gottman would say that Sam and Hannah have a good set of:

A)mutual expectancies.
B)love maps.
C)cohabitation schemas.
D)gender stereotypes.

Question 57

When men and women report how happy they are in their marriage,the trend is that:

A)husbands tend to be happier.
B)wives tend to be happier.
C)both husbands and wives are equally happy.
D)neither husbands nor wives are happy.

Question 58

Which one of the following is NOT an advantage for having a child earlier rather than later in life?

A)fewer medical problems with pregnancy and childbirth
B)the parents are likely to have more physical energy
C)parents know better what they want from their family roles
D)parents may be less likely to build up expectations for their children

Question 59

Which of the following was a main complaint made by women about their husbands,according to Tannen (1990)?

A)"He doesn't listen to me anymore."
B)"He is unfaithful in our marriage."
C)"He is not interested in sex anymore."
D)"He doesn't keep himself in shape anymore."

Question 60

When couples divorce in the United States,they are most likely to do so during which years of marriage?

A)1^st to 3^rd
B)2^nd to 5^th
C)5^th to 10^th
D)10^th to 12^th

Question 61

List three relationship characteristics in adults that are associated with secure attachment styles with a romantic partner.

Question 62

Living together in a sexual relationship without being married.

Question 63

A type of love that is characterized by an individual's desire to have the other person near and to share a deep,caring relationship with the other person.

Question 64

Identify three different trends that are a result of an increase in one-child families in the USA.

Question 65

This theorist proposed a developmental model of love suggesting that the initial surge of sexual attraction tends to wane over time,and is replaced by either a reduction in attachment anxiety or an increase in conflict and withdrawal.Novelty is replaced by familiarity,and the relationship ends up as deeply caring or distressing and unsatisfying.

Question 66

A type of love that has strong sexual and infatuation components and often predominates in the early period of a romantic relationship.

Question 67

Discuss how men and women differ in their communication styles.

Question 68

Eli and Elizabeth have been dating for two years,and have decided that they should take a "test run" at living together before deciding whether or not to get married.Based on the research into cohabitation,what can you predict about their relationship?

Question 69

This individual has proposed a five-step model of how to make a marriage work.

Question 70

This theorist proposed a triarchic theory of love.

Question 71

According to the triarchic theory of love,this type of love includes intimacy and commitment,but does not include sexual attraction.

Question 72

According to the triarchic theory of love,this type of love only includes passion.

Question 73

Over the course of a marriage,the type of love that people experience may tend to change.Using Sternberg's model,discuss how you think these types of love may be seen over the course of an extended relationship.

Question 74

List and briefly describe the four types of love that have been proposed by Robert J.Sternberg (1988)in his triarchic theory of love.

Question 75

List and briefly describe the three dimensions of love that have been proposed by Robert J.Sternberg (1988)in his triarchic theory of love.

Question 76

According to the triarchic theory of love,this type of love includes passion,intimacy,and commitment.

Question 77

Identify three suggestions made by your authors for thriving in life after a divorce.

Question 78

According to the triarchic theory of love,this type of love includes passion and commitment,but does not include (or is low on)intimacy.

Question 79

List five principles,identified by Gottman,that make a marriage work.