Deck 16: Undernutrition Throughout the World

Question 1

Which of the following is not true about the effects of undernutrition in poor countries?

A)Iron and zinc deficiency can contribute to reduced immune function.
B)Ill health that results from nutritional deficiencies can reduce optimal physical and mental performance.
C)Symptoms of underweight rarely result in nutritional deficiencies.
D)People in underdeveloped countries often have greater nutrient requirements to combat infectious disease and parasites.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following is true about semistarvation?

A)Physical and mental impairment do not occur without clinical symptoms.
B)Often the first sign that tissues are affected is a biochemical change that may be detectable by a blood test.
C)Physical symptoms often appear before evidence of any biochemical changes.
D)Action to correct undernutrition should only be taken when clinical symptoms are detected.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

In the United States,persistent hunger and food insecurity are largely associated with two interrelated conditions-

A)poverty and homelessness.
B)political unrest and single mothers.
C)technology and healthcare.
D)failing schools and poverty.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The majority of undernourished people live in

A)North America.
B)Asia.
C)Latin America.
D)Europe.

Question 5

_______ is a form of undernutrition caused by an extremely deficient intake of calories,protein,or both.Two examples of this type of malnutrition are kwashiorkor and marasmus.

A)Protein-energy malnutrition
B)Anorexia
C)Bulemia
D)Scurvy

Question 6

What is the term to describe failing health that results from a long-standing inadequate dietary pattern that either fails to meet or greatly exceeds nutritional needs?

A)Undernutrition
B)Overnutrition
C)Emaciation
D)Malnutrition

Question 7

Failing health that results from a long-standing inadequate dietary pattern that does not meet nutritional needs is termed

A)starvation.
B)undernutrition.
C)emaciation.
D)food security.

Question 8

The health consequences of undernutrition are most critical during

A)adulthood.
B)college.
C)infancy.
D)elderly years.

Question 9

All of the following are effects of semistarvation except

A)decreased energy level and strength.
B)poor concentration and impaired learning.
C)decreased hunger and appetite.
D)impaired immunity.

Question 10

The food assistance program developed in the 1960s to help whole families purchase healthy foods is the

A)School Breakfast Program.
B)School Lunch Program.
C)Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (formerly Food Stamps).
D)Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women,Infants,and Children.

Question 11

Don is suffering from malnutrition.Which of the following might be true of his condition?

A)Don must be undernourished.
B)Don must be experiencing chronic hunger.
C)Don must be experiencing a vitamin deficiency.
D)Don could be suffering from undernutrition or overnutrition.

Question 12

The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)defines ______ as secure access to an appropriately nutritious diet (i.e.,protein,carbohydrate,fat,vitamins,minerals,and water),coupled with a sanitary environment and adequate health services and care to ensure a healthy and active life for all household members.

A)food insecurity
B)food access
C)nutrition security
D)sustainability

Question 13

Impaired development or function that results from an inadequate nutrient intake,absorption,or utilization necessary for optimal growth,development,and body functions is best termed

A)food insecurity.
B)undernutrition.
C)malabsorption.
D)hunger.

Question 14

The primary cause of chronic hunger is

A)poverty.
B)lack of technology.
C)cultural food preferences.
D)lack of local farms in developing countries.

Question 15

Which of the following is not true about undernutrition during pregnancy.

A)The mother and fetus are both affected.
B)Only the mother is affected.
C)Iron-deficiency anemia is a consequence in the mother.
D)The risk of maternal death is increased.

Question 16

All of the following are associated with health issues related to undernutrition except

A)goiter from iodine deficiency.
B)blindness from xerophthalmia.
C)iron-deficiency anemia.
D)coronary heart disease.

Question 17

What are the four pillars of food security?

A)Economic stability,housing,food access,and healthcare
B)Availability,access,utilization,and stability
C)Food access,sustainability,transportation,and childcare
D)Education,entitlements,healthcare,and childcare

Question 18

Approximately how many Americans live at or near the poverty level?

A)5 million
B)10 million
C)25 million
D)45 million

Question 19

Humans are less susceptible to health effects associated with undernutrition during

A)infancy.
B)pregnancy.
C)puberty.
D)adulthood.

Question 20

Humans are particularly susceptible to the effects of undernutrition during periods of rapid growth,such as during

A)adulthood.
B)middle age.
C)menopause.
D)pregnancy.

Question 21

A promising strategy to help other countries increase crop yields and food resources has been

A)to use "green revolution" technologies.
B)to establish large farms that grow cash crops.
C)to obtain more food sources from oceans.
D)to cut down rain forests so there is more farmable land.

Question 22

In the future,billions of people are expected to face ongoing _____ shortages that will contribute to civil unrest and food shortages.

A)labor
B)water
C)oxygen
D)coal

Question 23

All of the following are socioeconomic factors affecting hunger in the Unites States except

A)poverty.
B)homelessness.
C)politics and policy.
D)weather.

Question 24

The homeless in the United States are at increased risk of undernutrition.Which of the following is true about the homeless?

A)Most of them are alcoholics.
B)Most of them are lazy.
C)Many are members of families with children.
D)All are poorly educated.

Question 25

Which of the following is the best approach to eradicating undernutrition in developing nations?

A)Require developed countries to provide direct food aid to underdeveloped countries.
B)Improve the education,infrastructure,and resources for poor people.
C)Establish large farms run by the Peace Corps.
D)Provide more jobs in urban areas.

Question 26

Impoverished areas with little access to healthy foods are called

A)safe food havens.
B)nutrition outlets.
C)fresh food oasis.
D)food deserts.

Question 27

The "green revolution" was a

A)movement that increased crop yields in some countries.
B)initiative to force countries to stop using fertilizers.
C)movement to prevent the destruction of rain forests.
D)Third World strategy to reduce beef intake.

Question 28

Which of the following is not true about acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)worldwide?

A)The transmission pattern is different in developed versus developing countries.
B)Africa is the continent that has been the hardest hit.
C)The death rate from AIDS in the United States is increasing.
D)Antiretroviral drugs can significantly slow the progression of the disease.

Question 29

The manipulation of nature (plants,animals,and bacteria)to increase production and food yield,and the use of living things to manufacture products is called

A)biofeedback.
B)gene splicing.
C)biotechnology.
D)agribusiness.

Question 30

Since the early 1900s,the role of the United States government in providing food assistance to the poor has steadily

A)decreased.
B)increased.

Question 31

The root cause of hunger and undernutrition in the United States continues to be

A)homelessness.
B)overpopulation.
C)increased life expectancy.
D)poverty.

Question 32

Which of the following factors will adversely affect the nutritional status of a country?

A)Movement of the population to urban centers
B)Maintenance of rural,small farms
C)Movement away from the growth of cash crops
D)Discouraging the establishment of large farms

Question 33

Which of the following is not true regarding the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)?

A)SNAP is the current name for the old Food Stamp Program.
B)SNAP participants can use an electronic benefit transfer (EBT)card to purchase food and garden seeds to grow food.
C)The target population for SNAP benefits is pregnant or lactating women and their children.
D)Despite some improvements in economic conditions,the need for food assistance remains relatively high in the United States.

Question 34

Which of the following is the best approach to preventing famine in developing nations?

A)Increase the productivity of rural people by teaching them farming methods,so they can build agricultural surpluses to eat and sell.
B)Developed countries should supply food and medicine to underdeveloped countries.
C)Developing countries should grow cash crops.
D)Developing countries should avoid having livestock.

Question 35

Increasing per capita income and improving ______,especially for women in developing nations,are considered to be the most successful long-term solutions to excessive population growth.

A)education
B)technology
C)fertility clinics
D)transportation

Question 36

Which of the following is true about homelessness and undernutrition in America?

A)The homeless have plenty of resources;they just fail to utilize them.
B)Chronically homeless individuals are more likely to be young,female,nonwhite,and underemployed.
C)The rate of homelessness has declined over the last 25 years.
D)The recent increase in homelessness stems from a shortage of affordable rental housing coupled with an increase in poverty.

Question 37

Homeless children suffer high rates of all of the following medical conditions except

A)upper respiratory tract infections.
B)tooth decay and dental caries.
C)poor vision.
D)developmental delays.

Question 38

To assess hunger,the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)annually calculates the ______,a tool that measures and tracks global hunger based on population undernourishment,child wasting,child stunting,and child mortality.

A)Global Hunger Index (GHI)
B)Global Health Scale (GHS)
C)Universal Healthcare Metric (UHM)
D)Hunger and Health Scale (HHS)

Question 39

The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women,Infants,and Children

A)provides breakfast for school children.
B)provides food vouchers and nutrition education to low-income pregnant and lactating women and their young children.
C)is provided to all American families and has no enrollment criteria.
D)was discontinued in 2015 after budget cuts.

Question 40

Factors influencing the food/population ratio include all of the following except

A)high socioeconomic status.
B)war and political/civil unrest.
C)rapid depletion of natural resources.
D)AIDS.

Question 42

Which of the following is correct about chronic hunger in the world?

A)Chronic hunger is not found in developed countries.
B)Hunger is alleviated by drinking water.
C)The primary cause of hunger is poverty.
D)Hunger is the psychological state that results when enough food is eaten.

Question 43

In ______,the United Nations launched a transformative agenda to address key issues related to global health.Called the Sustainable Development Goals,these 17 bold goals build upon the Millennial Development Goals and outline a 15-year agenda to serve as a blueprint for global health and sustainability.

A)2000
B)2005
C)2010
D)2016

Question 44

The ______ are eight global goals,launched in 2000,that addressed poverty and hunger,education,gender equality,child mortality,maternal health,disease,environmental sustainability,and global development.

A)Food and Agriculture Organization Goals
B)Healthy People 2020 Goals
C)Millennium Development Goals
D)Dietary Guidelines for Americans

Question 45

According to the ________ approach,improving women's access to education,information and communication technologies,resources,and governance will help to propel nations out of poverty.

A)feminist
B)gender and development
C)literacy
D)technological

Question 46

In light of its devastating toll on families and communities,a significant step toward alleviating poverty and hunger in sub-Saharan Africa and many other developing nations would be to alleviate the spread of the disease

A)AIDS.
B)scurvy.
C)sickle cell anemia.
D)iron deficiency anemia.

Question 48

Multiple studies have documented ______ energy expenditure in adults with HIV compared to healthy adults.

A)higher
B)lower

Question 49

Which of the following is not true about sustainable agriculture?

A)Sustainable agriculture involves maintaining or enhancing the land and natural resources for use long into the future.
B)Reaching the goal of worldwide sustainable agriculture requires participation by all stakeholders,including farmers,laborers,retailers,consumers,researchers,and policymakers.
C)Sustainable agriculture offers respect and fair treatment to farm workers,consumers,and the animals raised for food.
D)Sustainable agricultural practices have a promising role in developed nations,but would not benefit farmers and consumers in developing nations.

Question 50

The extreme form of chronic hunger is called

A)muscle wasting.
B)food insecurity.
C)nutrition insecurity.
D)famine.

Question 51

Housing,sanitation and storage facilities,education,communication,and transportation systems are components of a country's

A)architecture.
B)social capital.
C)social structure.
D)infrastructure.

Question 52

The acronym AIDS stands for

A)acquired immune deficiency syndrome.
B)autoimmune deficit syndrome.
C)antibiotic infection deficiency syndrome.
D)anti-immune deficiency syndrome.

Question 53

In terms of population migration,a movement from residing in rural areas to urban areas tends to make the problem of undernutrition worse.

Question 54

Which of the following is not true about the social and economic impact of AIDS?

A)No vaccine is available to prevent AIDS.
B)AIDS will have the greatest economic impact on the United States.
C)Drug companies and governments have begun working together to lower the cost of AIDS drugs for developing nations.
D)Globally,progress toward the goal of ensuring access to HIV treatment has been slower for children than for adults.

Question 55

The single most effective and critical health advantage for individuals wherever they live is

A)adequate calorie intake.
B)safe and accessible water supply.
C)well-built shelter.
D)government support.

Question 56

Manipulating the DNA inside cells to improve production of materials or the material itself is called

A)social engineering.
B)translocation.
C)transcription.
D)genetic engineering.

Question 57

A recent global analysis of over 145 studies of biotechnology crops over the past 20 years found that GMO crops have ______ chemical pesticide use as well as ______ both crop yield and farmer profits.

A)increased;increased
B)increased;decreased
C)decreased;decreased
D)decreased;increased

Question 58

Which of the following is not true about "new biotechnology"?

A)Compared to conventional breeding,it is more inefficient and has inconsistent results.
B)It allows scientists to create fruits and grains with greater amounts of nutrients such as beta-carotene (e.g.,"golden rice")and vitamins E and C
C)It differs from traditional methods because it directly changes some of the genetic material (DNA)of organisms to improve characteristics.
D)The public's response to its use has been mixed.