Deck 7: Energy Balance and Weight Control

Question 1

Bob is a 34-year-old male who weighs 150 pounds and is a long distance cycler.He is engaged in vigorous activity.Based on the MyPlate Calorie Guidelines,Bob needs approximately _______ kilocalories per day.

A)2000
B)2600
C)3000
D)3200

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following is true about basal metabolism?

A)It represents about 30% of total energy expenditure.
B)It is energy expenditure to maintain heartbeat,respiration,other basic functions,and daily activities.
C)It represents about 60% to 70% of total calories used by a sedentary person during each day.
D)It includes the energy used to digest food.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Thermogenesis refers to all of the following except

A)the ability to regulate body temperature.
B)shivering when cold and fidgeting.
C)brown adipose tissue,especially in hibernating animals.
D)the energy you require during sleep at night.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following is not true in terms of contributing to energy expenditure?

A)The thermic effect of food represents about 5% to 10% of total energy expenditure.
B)Physical activity accounts for 25% to 40% of total energy expenditure.
C)Basal metabolism accounts for 60% to 70% of total energy expenditure.
D)Fidgeting accounts for 40% of total energy expenditure.

Question 5

Bill consumes 2,500 kilocalories per day.What would be his energy expenditure,in kilocalories,from the thermic effect of food?

A)125 to 250
B)250 to 375
C)300 to 550
D)425 to 600

Question 6

The thermic effect of food

A)represents the calories needed to digest,absorb,and process ingested food.
B)represents approximately 20% of total energy expenditure.
C)is included in the measurement of basal metabolism.
D)refers to energy expended to produce heat in response to a cold environment.

Question 7

Bill expends 2,500 kilocalories per day.What would be his energy expenditure,in kilocalories,from basal metabolism?

A)250 to 375
B)500 to 1,050
C)1,200 to 1,500
D)1,500 to 1,750

Question 8

Joe is getting his energy expenditure measured by direct calorimetry.The 1 liter of water surrounding the chamber has an initial reading of 15 degrees Celsius.The final reading is 2,015 degrees Celsius.How many kilocalories did he expend?

A)1,000
B)1,500
C)2,000
D)2,500

Question 9

Carol eats 800 kilocalories a day to lose weight.She is 40 years old.Carol has been walking briskly 60 minutes daily for the past 2 months.When she was younger,she lifted weights,but she has lost considerable lean body mass over the years due to inactivity.Recently,Carol was diagnosed with hypothyroidism which lowers metabolism.Which of the following factors increases Carol's energy output and promotes weight loss?

A)Her 800-kilocalorie diet
B)Her age
C)Her loss of lean body mass
D)Her walking routine

Question 10

The expenditure of energy to produce heat in response to a cold environment and as a result of overfeeding is called

A)adaptive thermogenesis.
B)thermic effect of cold.
C)heat metabolism.
D)thermic metabolism.

Question 11

The method for determining energy expenditure in which the amount of oxygen a person uses is measured is called

A)direct calorimetry.
B)indirect calorimetry.
C)thermocalorimetry.
D)bomb calorimetry.

Question 12

The name for the minimum energy expended to keep a resting,awake body alive is ______.This represents about 60% to 70% of total energy expenditure.

A)ATP
B)basal metabolism
C)thermogenesis
D)thermic effect of food

Question 13

The calorie cost of the thermic effect of food is ______ of energy consumed.

A)1% to 2%
B)5% to 10%
C)15% to 20%
D)20% to 25%

Question 14

Which of the following does not contribute to total energy expenditure?

A)Basal metabolic rate
B)Thermic effect of food
C)Energy content of food
D)Adaptive thermogenesis

Question 15

The energy expended to digest,absorb,and further process nutrients in food is called the ______ of food.This equals approximately 5% to 10% of energy intake.

A)transformation
B)thermic effect
C)metabolism
D)breakdown

Question 16

Physical activity

A)contributes about 70% of total energy expenditure.
B)is only counted as a significant contributor if it is a formal,regular exercise program.
C)includes daily activities as seemingly insignificant as fidgeting.
D)contributes very little to overall energy expenditure.

Question 17

Which of the following does not increase basal metabolism?

A)An increase in body temperature
B)A low calorie intake
C)An increase in lean body mass
D)Caffeine use

Question 18

The method for determining energy expenditure that involves the measurement of heat given off by the body during a select period of time in an insulated chamber is

A)direct calorimetry.
B)indirect calorimetry.
C)thermocalorimetry.
D)bomb calorimetry.

Question 19

______ increases energy expenditure above basal energy needs by about 25% to 40%.

A)Adaptive thermogenesis
B)Thermic effect of food
C)Metabolism
D)Physical activity

Question 20

Basal metabolism is the energy expended

A)when sleeping.
B)when doing moderate activity.
C)when resting,but awake,and in a fasting state.
D)to make food available to the body.

Question 21

Peg's parents are both obese.She has dieted at least six times,each time losing a considerable amount of weight and subsequently regaining it.Peg does not exercise.Which of the following is true about Peg's situation?

A)Her frequent yo-yo dieting have likely led to greater amounts of lean body mass.
B)Her problem is genetic and there is no reason for her to attempt to lose weight.
C)When she ends a diet,she likely regains additional body fat.
D)Her problem results from poor habits,but genetics will prevent her from ever losing weight.

Question 22

How would you interpret the body mass index for a woman who is 1.63 meters tall and weighs 72 kilograms?

A)The value does not exceed the value at which health risks are increased.
B)Her health risks would be high.
C)This indicates significant android obesity and high health risk.
D)She slightly exceeds the value at which health risks are increased.

Question 23

What would be the approximate weight gain,in pounds,of a person who consumes an excess of 500 kilocalories daily for one month?

A)2
B)3
C)4
D)6

Question 24

Which of the following is not a tool for measuring body fatness?

A)Body mass index
B)Bioelectrical impedance
C)Skinfolds
D)Underwater weighing

Question 25

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a sound weight-loss program?

A)Using MyPlate as a sample pattern for food choices.
B)Using a plan that adapts to habits and tastes.
C)The plan should have a minimum weight loss goal of at least 3 to 5 pounds per week.
D)The plan should be socially acceptable,adapting to social gatherings and restaurants.

Question 26

Mary wishes to lose 5 pounds before her vacation in approximately 5 weeks.Her average consumption is 2,100 kilocalories per day.How many kilocalories should she consume daily to begin to lose this weight,assuming her activity pattern remains unchanged?

A)1,800 to 1,900
B)1,600 to 1,700
C)1,400 to 1,500
D)1,100 to 1,200

Question 27

A daily deficit of 500 kilocalories should result in an approximate weight loss of about how many pounds per week?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4

Question 28

When attempting to use body fat percentage to define obesity,body fat above ______ for women results in an obesity diagnosis.

A)25%
B)20%
C)30%
D)37%

Question 29

Which of the following testing methods is considered the most accurate way of measuring percent body fat?

A)Underwater weighing
B)Skinfolds
C)Infrared light
D)Bioelectrical impedance

Question 30

Body weight in kilograms divided by height squared in meters yields

A)the obesity index.
B)the body mass index.
C)relative weight.
D)percent body fat.

Question 31

Men with body fat levels greater than _____ have increased health risks.

A)20%
B)24%
C)30%
D)35%

Question 32

As one finds his or her weight loss slowing down during a weight control program,the best practice is to

A)restrict more food choices.
B)reduce food intake to less than 1,000 kilocalories per day.
C)stop the weight control program and take a break.
D)increase the type or intensity of physical activity.

Question 33

Which of the following health conditions is not related to android obesity?

A)Heart disease
B)Diabetes mellitus
C)Hypertension
D)Lung cancer

Question 34

When attempting to use body fat percentage to define obesity,body fat above _______ for men results in an obesity diagnosis.

A)8%
B)20%
C)24%
D)30%

Question 35

For a woman who is 1.63 meters tall and weighs 72 kilograms,the body mass index would equal

A)18.
B)23.
C)27.
D)32.

Question 36

Which of the following is not correct about android obesity?

A)It refers to upper body obesity.
B)High testosterone levels encourage it.
C)A low waist-to-hip ratio is indicative of it.
D)It is related to heart disease,hypertension,and diabetes mellitus.

Question 37

Which of the following is an important aspect of behavior modification used for weight control?

A)Severely restricting intake after overeating
B)Avoiding planned eating so you can be ready to handle spontaneous changes in the situation
C)Recording eating behavior to identify situations that contribute to overeating
D)Weighing yourself several times each day

Question 38

The MyPlate Calorie Guideline for a 19- to 30-year-old active woman is

A)1600 kilocalories per day.
B)2000 kilocalories per day.
C)2400 kilocalories per day.
D)2800 kilocalories per day.

Question 39

Altering the environment to minimize the stimuli for eating is called

A)chain-breaking.
B)stimulus control.
C)contingency management.
D)cognitive restructuring.

Question 40

Which of the following is not an appropriate goal for weight control programs?

A)5-pound weight loss per week
B)Loss of stored fat
C)Sparing lean body mass
D)Reaching a healthy weight

Question 41

Changing one's frame of mind related to weight control and nutrition is called

A)stimulus control.
B)self-monitoring.
C)chain-breaking.
D)cognitive restructuring.

Question 42

Underweight is defined as a body mass index below _______ kg/m².

A)18.5
B)19.5
C)20
D)21.5

Question 43

The body's set point has been suggested to be

A)a weight the body attempts to maintain closely.
B)one's desirable and most healthy body weight.
C)one's minimum body weight.
D)the weight that is reached and maintained during mid-life.

Question 44

A group of medications often used for weight loss that induce stimulation of the central nervous system are

A)amphetamines.
B)neurotransmitters.
C)diuretics.
D)statins.

Question 45

Martha is maintaining her current weight by eating 2,500 kilocalories per day.To lose 1 pound of fat per week,she would have to decrease her intake to how many kilocalories per day?

A)2,200 to 2,300
B)1,900 to 2,000
C)1,500 to 1,600
D)1,000 to 1,200

Question 46

Which of the following is true about use of diet pills for weight reduction?

A)Diet pills do not lead to long-term changes in weight and tend to have side effects.
B)Amphetamines are not addictive.
C)Oral cholecystokinin is absorbed and suppresses hunger.
D)Diuretics lead to significant fat loss.

Question 47

An example of cognitive restructuring for weight control is

A)planning what to eat for breakfast.
B)decreeing candy bars off limits.
C)replacing eating reactions to stress with helpful relaxing alternatives.
D)keeping a food intake diary to identify triggers for eating.

Question 48

Which of the following is not characteristic of a fad diet?

A)It promotes quick solutions and rapid weight loss.
B)It uses scientific evidence,presenting the pros and cons.
C)It limits food selections.
D)It often recommends supplements and expensive meals.

Question 49

The best way to treat an underweight person is to advise him or her to

A)eat high-fat foods such as heavy cream,cheeses,ice cream,and ground beef.
B)stop exercising.
C)eat energy-dense foods higher in plant fats like nuts and seeds.
D)eat high-calorie foods at the beginning of a meal.

Question 50

Restricting food and beverage intake by ______ kilocalories per day below calorie needs typically leads to a weight loss of about1 pound per week.

A)100
B)250
C)500
D)1000

Question 51

______ obesity is a pattern of body fat distribution that is associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular disease,diabetes mellitus,and hypertension.

A)Android
B)Gynoid
C)Morbid
D)Cardiometabolic

Question 52

Cycles of loss and regain of weight are called _______.With each cycle,it is easier to gain weight and harder to lose.

A)plateauing
B)energy balancing
C)mindful eating
D)yo-yo dieting

Question 53

John weighs 80 kilograms and is 1.6 meters tall.His body mass index is ______ kg/m².

A)5
B)25
C)31
D)50

Question 54

Which of the following statements about popular diets is not true?

A)They promote quick weight loss that ends up being primarily water and lean muscle mass.
B)They help people make permanent changes in eating habits and behaviors.
C)They often recommend expensive supplements or meals.
D)They often use personal testimonials from famous people to promote their product.

Question 55

Xenical is a weight-loss drug that works in the digestive system

A)to substitute xylose for glucose.
B)to block digestion of about one-third of the fat in the food we eat.
C)to produce a full feeling that decreases hunger.
D)as an artificial fat.

Question 56

An example of a bariatric surgical procedure used for treating severely or morbidly obese individuals is called

A)adjustable gastric banding (LAP Band).
B)intestinal resection.
C)laproscopic liposuction.
D)colonoscopy.

Question 57

When individuals lose weight quickly,most of the weight lost is from

A)fat,water,and glycogen.
B)water,muscle tissue,and bone.
C)water,glycogen,and muscle tissue.
D)fat,water,and muscle tissue.

Question 58

The most qualified expert to assist individuals with their weight-loss goals is a

A)nutritionist.
B)personal trainer.
C)registered dietitian nutritionist.
D)nurse practitioner.

Question 59

Which of the following is true about fat?

A)It has a high thermic effect.
B)It is less calorie-dense than carbohydrates or proteins.
C)It is a concentrated source of calories.
D)It is better to eliminate carbohydrates rather than fat when cutting calories.

Question 60

A common and effective surgical procedure for morbid obesity is

A)intestinal bypass.
B)gastric bypass.
C)gastric blockage.
D)gastrectomy.

Question 61

A ______ is usually a more accurate tool for estimating the number of calories you burn during a workout than internal calorie estimators on cardio machines.

A)bathroom scale
B)body fat monitor
C)step counter
D)heart rate monitor

Question 62

Lorcaserin hydrochloride (Belviq®),a weight-loss medication,is ______ that reduces food intake by regulating appetite.

A)a functional fiber
B)a lipase inhibitor
C)an antihistamine
D)a selective serotonin receptor agonist

Question 64

The principles of _______ include being aware of the entire eating experience from food preparation to consumption,including recognizing and respecting the physical hunger and satiety cues,and being wise in eating decisions.

A)awareness eating
B)mindless eating
C)mindful eating
D)stimulus control

Question 65

When considering physical activity for weight control,keep in mind that aerobic activity,including brisk walking,jogging,or cycling,burns more ______ than resistance activity.

A)fat
B)protein
C)carbohydrates
D)muscle

Question 66

A very-low-calorie diet (VLCD),also known as protein-sparing modified fast (PSMF),allows a person ________ kilocalories per day,often in liquid form.

A)200 to 400
B)400 to 800
C)800 to 1000
D)1200 to 1400

Question 68

Orlistat (Xenical)is a medication approved by the FDA for weight loss that reduces fat

A)storage by inhibiting lipase activity in fat cells.
B)digestion by inhibiting lipase enzyme action in the small intestine.
C)absorption by decreasing bile secretion.
D)circulation by inhibiting lipoprotein production.

Question 69

The Physical Activity Guidelines recommend that adults should do the equivalent of ______ minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity each week to achieve and maintain a healthy body weight.

A)60
B)90
C)150
D)250