Deck 6: Proteins

Question 1

How many grams of protein are needed per day by a male non-athlete,weighing 87 kilograms?

A)70
B)87
C)174
D)191

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The nitrogen from amino acid breakdown is

A)stored in the liver.
B)oxidized to carbohydrate.
C)converted to urea.
D)converted to fat.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Plant proteins do not match our needs for essential amino acids and therefore are called ______ proteins.

A)nonessential
B)uncomplemetary
C)incomplete
D)branched-chain

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following is true about protein?

A)It is unique in that it is the only dietary component that contains selenium.
B)It is important primarily for increasing bone density.
C)It is made up of combinations of approximately 20 amino acids.
D)It is made up of combinations of amino acids and fatty acids.

Question 5

Three dietary advantages of plant protein sources over animal sources are: (1)they are a good source of dietary fiber,(2)they are low in saturated fat,and (3)they contain no

A)cellulose.
B)collagen.
C)cholesterol.
D)caffeine.

Question 6

A person that does not eat any animal foods and consumes only plant products is called a(n)

A)fruitarian.
B)omnivore.
C)lactoovovegetarian.
D)vegan.

Question 7

Insulin is one example of a protein that acts as

A)an antioxidant.
B)an enzyme.
C)a hormone.
D)an antibody.

Question 8

Amino acids are transported via the _______ vein to the liver.

A)subclavian
B)renal
C)intestinal
D)portal

Question 9

An essential amino acid

A)can be synthesized in the body if there is a nitrogen source.
B)can be synthesized in the body if caloric intake is adequate.
C)cannot be synthesized in the body in sufficient quantity to meet body needs.
D)can be formed in the body from semiessential amino acids.

Question 10

The type of malnutrition that results primarily from not consuming enough calories is called

A)kwashiorkor.
B)marasmus.
C)sickle cell anemia.
D)phenylketonuria.

Question 11

In proteins,amino acids are joined by ______ bonds.

A)amino
B)peptide
C)proteolytic
D)nitrogen

Question 12

Short chain proteins and ______ are the end products of protein digestion that can be taken up by the absorptive cells of the small intestine.

A)amino acids
B)nitrogen
C)polypeptides
D)amino groups

Question 13

Which of the following is true of high-quality protein?

A)It contains all of the essential amino acids.
B)It provides 7 kcal/g of energy.
C)It cannot support body maintenance.
D)It is found only in foods of plant origin.

Question 14

The basic building block of a protein is called a(n)

A)fatty acid.
B)monosaccharide.
C)amino acid.
D)keto acid.

Question 15

Treating a protein with acid,heat,or agitation will cause ______,meaning that the three-dimensional structure of the protein has been altered.

A)alteration
B)breakdown
C)destruction
D)denaturation

Question 16

The chemical element found in all amino acids but not found in either carbohydrates or fats is

A)carbon.
B)nitrogen.
C)oxygen.
D)hydrogen.

Question 17

An illness that results from a malfunction of the red blood cell because of an incorrect structure in parts of the hemoglobin protein chain is called

A)marasmus.
B)kwashiorkor.
C)sickle cell anemia.
D)megaloblastic anemia.

Question 18

The best estimate for the amount of protein required for nearly all adults is ______ g/kg/day.

A)0.5
B)0.8
C)1.6
D)2.0

Question 19

The disease phenylketonuria (PKU)illustrates how a nonessential amino acid can become conditionally essential as a result of a genetic disease.A person with PKU has a limited ability to metabolize the essential amino acid

A)phenylalanine.
B)lysine.
C)methionine.
D)ascorbic acid.

Question 20

Which of the following is true about an incomplete protein source?

A)It,by definition,lacks all essential amino acids.
B)It can support body growth and maintenance by itself.
C)To adequately meet protein needs from incomplete protein sources,a person would have to eat two complementary proteins.
D)Lower quantities of this source could be eaten to get adequate quantities of essential amino acids.

Question 21

Which of the following is a true statement about body proteins?

A)Body proteins are in a constant state of breakdown,rebuilding,and repair.
B)Body proteins change very little after age 20.
C)Synthesis of body proteins is directed by antigens,which are present in every cell.
D)Amino acids from dying cells or worn-out cell parts are excreted as a component of bile.

Question 22

Proteins are digested in which areas of the body?

A)Mouth and stomach
B)Mouth and small intestine
C)Stomach and small intestine
D)Small and large intestines

Question 23

If the diet is lacking an essential amino acid,what will be the course of action?

A)Body cells will synthesize it.
B)Protein synthesis will be limited.
C)Health will not be affected as long as other nutrients are adequate.
D)Proteins will be made but they will lack that particular amino acid.

Question 24

Jackie is an alcoholic.Her liver has been damaged to such a degree that it cannot produce the appropriate blood proteins for fluid balance.She develops a condition called edema,which is

A)extreme thirst.
B)the build up of fluids in extracellular spaces.
C)loss of muscle mass.
D)cardiovascular disease.

Question 25

What is meant by the amino acid sequence of a protein?

A)Number of side chains in the protein
B)Folding arrangement of the peptide chain
C)Order of appearance of amino acids in the peptide chain
D)Order of appearance of only the essential amino acids in the protein

Question 26

Which of the following is not true about pepsin?

A)Amino acid chains are the digestive products of its action.
B)Pepsin works best in an alkaline environment.
C)Acid activates pepsin.
D)Pepsin acts on food in the stomach.

Question 27

Which of the following is a true statement about the digestion and absorption of proteins?

A)Polypeptide chains are digested to yield individual amino acids,which can be absorbed into the blood.
B)Polypeptide chains are digested to yield dipeptides,which can be absorbed into the blood.
C)Many whole proteins are absorbed by phagocytosis and enter the blood.
D)The products of protein digestion are first absorbed into the lymphatic system,which empties into the blood.

Question 28

Which of the following is a function of protein?

A)Degradation of tissues
B)Produces chylomicrons
C)Supplies more than 40% of the kilocalories in the diet
D)Synthesizes enzymes and hormones

Question 29

The chemical bond joining two amino acids is called a(n)________ bond.

A)glycosidic
B)ionic
C)amino
D)peptide

Question 30

What enzyme is released by the stomach to digest protein?

A)Pepsin
B)Lipase
C)Amylase
D)Trypsin

Question 31

Approximately how many different amino acids are used in the synthesis of body proteins?

A)5
B)9
C)20
D)29

Question 32

Cooking an egg alters its appearance due to

A)denaturation.
B)emulsification.
C)esterification.
D)detoxification.

Question 33

If a food does not contain the necessary amounts of a certain amino acid to meet a body need,that amino acid is referred to as a(n)

A)complementary amino acid.
B)essential amino acid.
C)limiting amino acid.
D)dispensable amino acid.

Question 34

When protein consumption is in excess of body needs and energy needs are met,the excess amino acids are metabolized and the energy in the molecule is

A)stored as fat.
B)excreted in the urine.
C)stored as amino acids in muscle.
D)stored as amino acids in the liver.

Question 35

If the carbohydrate content of the diet is insufficient to meet the body's needs for glucose,which of the following can be converted to glucose?

A)Urea
B)Fatty acids
C)Amino acids
D)Ketones

Question 36

In the case of sickle cell anemia,the slight alterations in the DNA of red blood cells lead to

A)defects in the membranes of these cells.
B)changes in the structure of the protein hemoglobin.
C)poor use of glucose for energy.
D)inability of the cells to make protein.

Question 37

Denaturation refers to

A)alteration of the three-dimensional structure of a protein.
B)digestion of a polypeptide chain into individual amino acids.
C)joining of two amino acids to form a dipeptide.
D)removal of the amino group from an amino acid.

Question 38

Which of the following is a food that provides all of the essential amino acids?

A)Wheat
B)Peanut butter
C)Navy beans
D)Milk

Question 39

A hereditary condition caused by an incorrect amino acid in a protein chain is

A)kwashiorkor.
B)sickle cell anemia.
C)marasmus.
D)edema.

Question 40

Food proteins are used most efficiently when we

A)are eating a very low kilocalorie diet.
B)eat large quantities of protein even though our kilocalorie intake may be low.
C)are consuming enough carbohydrates and fats to meet our kilocalorie needs.
D)are eating enough fat even though carbohydrate intake may be low.

Question 41

Currently,the best estimate for the amount of protein required for nearly all adults is ______ grams per kilogram of body weight per day.

A)2
B)0.6
C)0.8
D)1.5

Question 42

The typical American diet supplies approximately what percentage of protein as essential amino acids?

A)25%
B)40%
C)50%
D)10%

Question 43

If a person does not eat enough carbohydrate to supply the glucose the body needs,which of the following will happen?

A)Fatty acids will be converted to glucose.
B)The pancreas will convert insulin to glucose.
C)The liver will convert amino acids to glucose.
D)The pancreas will convert protein to glucose.

Question 44

Which of the following is true about protein intake of people in the United States?

A)Most do not consume enough protein.
B)Most consume approximately the amount needed to balance losses.
C)Athletes generally do not get enough protein without supplements.
D)Most consume more than is needed.

Question 45

When comparing plant sources of protein to animal sources,we could say

A)plant sources tend to be higher in saturated fat.
B)plant sources tend to be higher in cholesterol.
C)animal sources tend to be higher in phytochemicals.
D)plant sources tend to be higher in dietary fiber.

Question 46

Proteins that bind to foreign proteins in the body are

A)enzymes.
B)antibodies.
C)hormones.
D)collagen.

Question 47

Antibodies are

A)hormones.
B)enzymes.
C)lipoproteins.
D)proteins.

Question 48

Proteins regulate the acid-base balance of the blood by

A)acting as buffers.
B)releasing nitrogen.
C)synthesizing hydrochloric acid.
D)binding sodium ions.

Question 49

High protein diets may be harmful for

A)those with kidney disease.
B)athletes.
C)the elderly.
D)body builders.

Question 50

When there is a need for increased dietary protein during pregnancy or lactation,which of the following foods would be least desirable?

A)Eggs
B)Dried beans
C)Gelatin
D)Beef

Question 51

Donovan has been consuming large quantities of food and in violation of safe rules of athletic training is injecting testosterone.He has been seeing large temporary gains in muscle mass.He is in a state of

A)negative protein balance.
B)positive protein balance.
C)energy equilibrium.
D)excess protein balance.

Question 52

Which of the following is true about protein intake in the United States?

A)Plant sources of protein predominate in the United States.
B)We eat less animal sources of protein than people in Asia and Africa.
C)About 70% of the protein we eat in the United States comes from animal products.
D)Chicken is our main animal source of protein.

Question 53

Jack weighs 176 pounds (80 kilograms).What would be his RDA for protein?

A)10 grams
B)64 grams
C)80 grams
D)27 grams

Question 54

Maggie has anorexia nervosa and regularly starves herself.She is likely to be in a state of

A)protein equilibrium.
B)positive protein balance.
C)negative protein balance.
D)positive energy balance.

Question 55

Which of the following is an essential amino acid?

A)Aspartic Acid
B)Cysteine
C)Arginine
D)Tryptophan

Question 56

The RDA for protein translates into approximately what percentage of total daily kilocalorie needs?

A)5%
B)10%
C)15%
D)20%

Question 57

Which of the following describes the fate of excess protein?

A)It is stored as glycogen.
B)It is excreted via sweat glands.
C)It is stored as fat.
D)It is used for heat.

Question 58

Edema appears when there is a severe lack of dietary protein because

A)sodium is retained in the body.
B)blood protein levels fall and fluid shifts to the tissues.
C)blood protein levels increase and force fluid into the tissues.
D)increased protein synthesis occurs in tissues causing fluid to flow into them from the blood.

Question 59

One would be likely to see a negative protein balance during

A)growth.
B)pregnancy.
C)starvation.
D)recovery from surgery.

Question 60

A protein that acts as a hormone is

A)insulin.
B)trypsin.
C)pepsin.
D)hemoglobin.

Question 61

Kwashiorkor appears in children between the ages of 2 and 5 years.The reason is that

A)growth needs are low.
B)children have been weaned from breast milk to starchy gruels.
C)by this time,adequate exposure to other children allows them to catch it.
D)protein intake has been high for a long enough time to cause kidney damage.

Question 62

An association between _______ consumption and total mortality,as well as premature mortality caused by cardiovascular disease and cancer,has been found in men and women.

A)turkey
B)tuna
C)chicken
D)red meat

Question 63

Kwashiorkor usually is associated with a deficiency of

A)carbohydrates.
B)fat.
C)protein.
D)kilocalories.

Question 64

Many legumes are deficient in the essential amino-acid ______,while grains are limited in lysine.

A)methionine
B)alanine
C)lysine
D)arginine

Question 65

Most proteins are ______ (joining of 10 or more amino acids),ranging from about 50 to 2000 amino acids.

A)dipeptides
B)tripeptides
C)proteases
D)polypeptides

Question 66

Because the ______ diet is recognized as being low in meat,rich in fresh fruit and vegetables,low in added sugar and saturated fatty acids,it has been recommended as a sustainable alternative to the MyPlate dietary pattern.

A)Canadian
B)Mediterranean
C)Asian
D)European

Question 67

It takes approximately ______ kg kilograms of grain to produce _______ kg kilogram of animal protein in cereal-fed animals.

A)2;1
B)3;1
C)5;1
D)10;1

Question 68

The most reliable source of vitamin B₁₂ for the vegan would be

A)fortified soybean milk.
B)milk.
C)cheese.
D)eggs.

Question 69

Which of the following does not describe kwashiorkor and marasmus?

A)Forms of protein-energy malnutrition
B)Common in developing nations
C)Created by political,economic,geographic,social,and dietary factors
D)Diseases that are troublesome but not life threatening

Question 70

Which of the following is not characteristic of a child with marasmus?

A)Skin-and-bones appearance
B)Often less than age 2
C)Can suffer impaired brain growth and development
D)Edema in the abdomen and legs

Question 71

Which of the following conditions would describe a child with kwashiorkor?

A)Bowed legs
B)Visible eczema and cold sores
C)Edema in the abdomen and legs
D)Skin-and-bones appearance

Question 72

If Betty wants to eat the most nutrient-dense source of protein,she would consume

A)whole milk.
B)beef.
C)tuna.
D)egg yolks.

Question 73

Because the DNA cannot leave the nucleus to get to the ribosomes,the genes for proteins must be transcribed into ______ that can leave the nucleus.

A)amino acids
B)chromosomes
C)mRNA
D)tRNA

Question 74

A vegetarian who excludes animal flesh but consumes such products as milk and eggs is referred to as a(n)

A)lactovegetarian.
B)lactoovovegetarian.
C)vegan.
D)ovovegetarian.

Question 75

Marasmus usually is associated with a deficiency of

A)kilocalories.
B)protein.
C)carbohydrate.
D)fat.

Question 76

The edema in children with kwashiorkor is the result of fluid leaking into

A)body tissues from the bloodstream because of decreased blood protein levels.
B)body tissues from the bloodstream because of decreased energy levels.
C)the bloodstream from body tissues because of decreased cellular proteins.
D)the bloodstream from body tissues because of decreased energy.

Question 77

A vegetarian who eats only plant foods is a(n)

A)lactoovovegetarian.
B)lactovegetarian.
C)vegan.
D)ovovegetarian.

Question 79

The American Institute for Cancer Research promotes "The New American Plate," which includes plant-based foods covering _______ of the plate and meat,fish,poultry,or low-fat dairy covering _______ of the plate.

A)one-half;one-half
B)three-quarters (or more);one-quarter (or less)
C)two-thirds (or more);one-third (or less)
D)one-third (or less);two-thirds (or more)

Question 80

The combination of plant foods that most often is used to provide complete protein is

A)legumes and nuts.
B)legumes and grains.
C)vegetables and nuts.
D)vegetables and seeds.