Deck 2: The Systems of the Body

Question 1

The _____ glands are small glands located on top of each of the kidneys.

A)pineal
B)pituitary
C)thyroid
D)adrenal

Answer 1

adrenal

Question 2

Which of the following hormones secreted by the pituitary gland regulates bone,muscle,and other organ development?

A)somatotropic hormone (STH)
B)thyrotropic hormone (TSH)
C)adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
D)antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Answer 2

somatotropic hormone (STH)

Question 3

Damage to the cerebellum is associated with

A)loss of muscle tone and disturbances in posture.
B)alterations in the rate of breathing.
C)reduced blood flow to the left and right atriums.
D)hypersecretion of hydrochloric acid.

Answer 3

loss of muscle tone and disturbances in posture.

Question 4

The gene for _____ disease has been identified by a test,which also roughly predicts the age when one will succumb to the disease.

A)paraplegia
B)Parkinson's
C)epilepsy
D)Huntington's

Question 5

Which of the following is a function of the hypothalamus?

A)It serves as a link between the hindbrain and the midbrain and helps control respiration.
B)It is responsible for the regulation of heart rate,blood pressure,and respiration.
C)It assists in the recognition of sensory stimuli and the relay of sensory impulses to the cerebral cortex.
D)It helps transit thoughts generated in the cerebral cortex and assess their impact on internal organs.

Question 6

A hereditary disorder of the central nervous system,_____ is characterized by chronic physical and mental deterioration.

A)quadriplegia
B)paraplegia
C)Alzheimer's disease
D)Huntington's disease

Question 7

Which of the following statements is true about the medulla?

A)It is responsible for the regulation of heart rate,blood pressure,and respiration.
B)It is the largest portion of the brain,involved in higher-order intelligence,memory,and personality.
C)It receives and interprets sensory impulses that come from the peripheral areas of the body.
D)It contains the somatosensory cortex,in which sensations of touch,pain,temperature,and pressure are registered and interpreted.

Question 8

The _____ is responsible for the coordination of visual and auditory reflexes.

A)thalamus
B)hindbrain
C)midbrain
D)hypothalamus

Question 9

The _____ coordinates voluntary muscle movement,the maintenance of balance and equilibrium,and the maintenance of muscle tone and posture.

A)cerebral cortex
B)cerebellum
C)pons
D)medulla

Question 10

Identify a true statement about epilepsy.

A)It results in progressive degeneration of the basal ganglia,a group of nuclei in the brain that control smooth motor coordination.
B)It is incurable but can often be controlled through medication and behavioral interventions.
C)It is caused by the disintegration of myelin,a fatty membrane that surrounds nerve fibers.
D)It is a serious loss of cognitive ability beyond what might be expected from normal aging.

Question 11

The _____ nervous system helps to restore the body to a normal state after an emergency has passed.

A)central
B)sympathetic
C)parasympathetic
D)somatic

Question 12

_____ is the paralysis of all four extremities and the trunk of the body.It occurs when the upper portion of the spinal cord is severed.

A)Epilepsy
B)Quadriplegia
C)Polio
D)Paraplegia

Question 13

The _____ lobe contains the cortical areas,which are responsible for auditory and olfactory (smell)impulses.

A)temporal
B)occipital
C)parietal
D)frontal

Question 14

The posterior pituitary lobe produces _____,which controls the water-absorbing ability of the kidneys.

A)antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
B)somatotropic hormone (STH)
C)thyrotropic hormone (TSH)
D)adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Question 15

Epinephrine and norepinephrine are together termed as

A)acids.
B)catecholamines.
C)platelets.
D)enzymes.

Question 16

Which of the following occurs when catecholamines are released in the body?

A)decrease in sweating
B)increase in digestion and urination
C)constriction of capillaries of the heart
D)dilation of blood vessels

Question 17

The somatic nervous system connects

A)the small intestine to the pancreas and ensures the regulation of enzymes in the pancreas.
B)the blood vessels to the lymph nodes to help in the formation of lymphocytes.
C)nerve fibers to voluntary muscles and provides the brain with feedback about voluntary movement.
D)the central nervous system to all the internal organs that cannot be voluntarily controlled.

Question 18

_____ fibers provide input to the brain and spinal cord by carrying signals from receptors.

A)Motor nerve
B)Sensory nerve
C)Afferent
D)Bast

Question 19

_____ is a chronic,nonprogressive disorder of the nervous system that is marked by the lack of muscle control.

A)Epilepsy
B)Parkinson's disease
C)Multiple sclerosis
D)Cerebral palsy

Question 20

Patients with _____ have progressive degeneration of the basal ganglia,a group of nuclei in the brain that control smooth motor coordination.

A)dementia
B)Huntington's disease
C)Parkinson's disease
D)polio

Question 21

The right atrium and right ventricle pump blood back to the lungs via the

A)mitral valve.
B)capillaries.
C)aorta.
D)pulmonary artery.

Question 22

The _____ are a type of blood-forming cells that produce white blood cells.

A)osteoclasts
B)myeloblasts
C)erythroblasts
D)megakaryocytes

Question 23

Bile is stored in the _____ and is secreted into the duodenum when necessary.

A)gallbladder
B)pancreas
C)appendix
D)rectum

Question 24

_____ occurs when the heart has insufficient supply of oxygen or is unable to adequately remove carbon dioxide and other waste products.

A)Angina pectoris
B)Myocardial infarction
C)Arrhythmia
D)Ischemia

Question 25

Which of the following statements is true about platelets?

A)They play an important role in healing by absorbing and removing foreign substances from the body.
B)They contain hemoglobin,which is needed to carry oxygen and carbon dioxide throughout the body.
C)They clump together to block small holes that develop in blood vessels,and they also play an important role in blood clotting.
D)They contain granules that secrete digestive enzymes,which engulf and act on bacteria,turning them into a form conducive to excretion.

Question 26

The unidirectional muscular movement of a bolus through the esophagus toward the stomach is known as

A)mononucleosis.
B)metastasis.
C)peristalsis.
D)phagocytosis.

Question 27

Which of the following blood-forming cells produces platelets?

A)myeloblasts
B)megakaryocytes
C)erythroblasts
D)lymphoblasts

Question 28

_____ is a secondary infection that may occur as a complication of other disorders,such as a severe cold or flu.

A)Bronchial pneumonia
B)Asthma
C)Meningitis
D)Pleurisy

Question 29

Which of the following types of hepatitis is also known as serum hepatitis?

A)hepatitis A
B)hepatitis B
C)hepatitis C
D)hepatitis

Question 30

The _____,a muscular tube extending downward from the larynx,divides at its lower end into two branches called the primary bronchi.

A)alveoli
B)larynx
C)pharynx
D)trachea

Question 31

_____ is an open sore in the lining of the stomach or the duodenum.

A)Hepatitis
B)Gastroenteritis
C)Peptic ulcer
D)Appendicitis

Question 32

_____ occurs when a clot has developed in a coronary vessel and blocks the flow of blood to the heart.

A)Myocardial infarction
B)Angina pectoris
C)Ischemia
D)Glioblastoma

Question 33

Respiratory movements are controlled by a respiratory center in the

A)cerebellum.
B)cerebral cortex.
C)medulla.
D)pons.

Question 34

_____ accounts for 80 percent of all cases of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

A)Hypertension
B)Obesity
C)Smoking
D)Alcoholism

Question 35

_____ results from below-normal numbers of red blood cells,and it interferes with the transportation of oxygen and carbon dioxide throughout the body.

A)Peptic ulcer
B)Anemia
C)Lupus
D)Urticaria

Question 36

Which of the following is commonly known as the disease of lifestyle?

A)dementia
B)Type II diabetes
C)Type I diabetes
D)polio

Question 37

Which of the following digestive system disorders is characterized by watery and frequent bowel movements and occurs when the lining of the small and large intestines cannot properly absorb water or digested food?

A)peptic ulcer
B)appendicitis
C)gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
D)diarrhea

Question 38

A critical function of the pancreas is the production of

A)leptin.
B)insulin.
C)pepsin.
D)oxytocin.

Question 39

An adult's body contains approximately _____ liters of blood,which consists of plasma and cells.

A)9
B)7
C)3
D)5

Question 40

The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide during respiration occurs between the

A)primary bronchi and the secondary bronchi.
B)alveoli and the capillaries.
C)alveoli and the arteries.
D)bronchioles and the arteries.

Question 41

_____ is an example of an environmentally transmitted disease.

A)Shigellosis
B)Yellow fever
C)Herpes
D)Influenza

Question 42

Estrogen is responsible for

A)the endometrial lining to move into the fallopian tube.
B)the occurrence of menopause.
C)preparing the body for pregnancy.
D)the development of secondary sex characteristics in females.

Question 43

Toxigenicity is the ability to

A)produce poisons which invade other parts of the body.
B)resist the body's defenses.
C)produce white blood cells in the body.
D)reduce the risk of potential genetic disorders.

Question 44

Which of the following bodily systems functions as the drainage system of the body?

A)the immune system
B)the lymphatic system
C)the endocrine system
D)the respiratory system

Question 45

_____ release cytokines that lead to inflammation and fever and promote wound healing.

A)Macrophages
B)Lymphoblasts
C)Neutrophils
D)Megakaryocytes

Question 46

The largest group of cells involved in natural immunity is known as

A)lymphocytes.
B)oocytes.
C)osteocytes.
D)granulocytes.

Question 47

In an autoimmune disease,

A)the treatment procedure is long-term,but it is easily curable.
B)the body fails to recognize the existence of a foreign substance until its severity increases.
C)certain white blood cells ingest microbes,causing an infection.
D)the body recognizes its own tissue as a foreign invader and produces antibodies to fight it.

Question 48

_____ cancer is known to be the most lethal form of cancer that affects women.

A)Vaginal
B)Ovarian
C)Endometrial
D)Cervical

Question 49

Genetic material for inheritance lies in the nucleus of the cell in the form of _____ chromosomes.

A)53
B)36
C)23
D)46

Question 50

One of the chief functions of the kidneys is to

A)control the growth and secretion of the cortex region of the adrenal gland.
B)control the chemical composition of blood.
C)produce various gastric secretions.
D)control the water balance in the body.

Question 51

The structures of the limbic system play an important role in stress and emotional responses.

Question 52

_____ are chemicals produced by the body that kill invading microorganisms.

A)Antimicrobial substances
B)Phagocytes
C)Inflammatory responses
D)Anatomical barriers

Question 53

A localized infection

A)is confined to a particular site in the human body and does not spread.
B)is confined to a particular area and sends toxins to other parts of the body.
C)rarely affects the human body.
D)affects several different areas or body systems.

Question 54

_____ is produced by the interstitial cells of the testes under the control of the anterior pituitary lobe.

A)Aldosterone
B)Testosterone
C)Progesterone
D)Estrogen

Question 55

_____ prevent the passage of microbes from one section of the body to another.

A)Phagocytoses
B)Anatomical barriers
C)Antimicrobial substances
D)Inflammatory responses

Question 56

The parasympathetic nervous system is activated in individual responses to stress.

Question 57

_____ cells secrete chemicals that kill invading organisms and infected cells.

A)Eosinophil
B)Mast
C)T
D)B

Question 58

_____,a malignant lymphoma,involves the progressive,chronic enlargement of the lymph nodes,spleen,and other lymphatic tissue.

A)Parkinson's disease
B)Meningitis
C)Epilepsy
D)Hodgkin's disease

Question 59

Some women usually choose to undergo _____ therapy to deal with the noxious symptoms that occur during menopause.

A)aversion
B)hormone
C)meso
D)gene

Question 60

Regulation of the autonomic nervous system occurs via the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system.

Question 61

Compare and contrast nonspecific and specific immune mechanisms.Provide an example for each.

Question 62

Antigens are proteins produced in response to stimulation by antibodies.

Question 63

Appendicitis means "inflammation of the liver," and the disease produces swelling,tenderness,and sometimes permanent damage.

Question 64

Describe the structure of the cardiovascular system.Include the internal and external factors influencing heart rate and its impact on the heart's functioning.

Question 65

Describe the nature and symptoms of hepatitis.Compare and contrast Hepatitis A and Hepatitis B,and explain their modes of transmission.

Question 66

Hepatitis A is typically transmitted through food and water.

Question 67

The endocrine system is responsible for fast-acting,short-duration responses to changes in the body.

Question 68

There appears to be a genetic contribution to coronary heart diseases and some forms of cancer.

Question 69

The two primary clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis are angina pectoris and congestive heart disease.

Question 70

Menopause is a disorder of the reproductive system.

Question 71

Describe the two most common disorders of the nervous system.

Question 72

Discuss the role of genetic counseling.How can health psychologists use it effectively?

Question 73

Progesterone increases when pregnancy fails to occur.

Question 74

Hepatitis E resembles hepatitis A but is caused by a different virus.