Deck 13: Heart Disease, hypertension, stroke, and Type Ii Diabetes

Question 1

Which of the following best describes unmitigated communion?

A)It is a focus on the self.
B)It is a focus on social unity.
C)It is an extreme focus on others.
D)It is an extreme focus on oneself.

Answer 1

It is an extreme focus on others.

Question 2

Cynical hostility is characterized by

A)suspiciousness.
B)optimism.
C)infrequent angry episodes.
D)trust in others.

Answer 2

suspiciousness.

Question 3

Which of the following statements is true about hostility in people?

A)Hostility is considerably stable among girls but not among boys.
B)People of higher socioeconomic status (SES)are more hostile than people of lower SES.
C)Whites are generally more hostile than non-whites.
D)Adult men show higher hostility than women.

Answer 3

Adult men show higher hostility than women.

Question 4

The number-one killer in the United States,accounting for one out of every four deaths,is

A)diabetes.
B)coronary heart disease.
C)hypertension.
D)cancer.

Question 5

Which of the following job factors are associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD)?

A)discrepancy between occupation and diet
B)discrepancy between occupation and family life
C)high social support at work
D)high work demands and low control

Question 6

In the context of coronary heart disease (CHD),which of the following statements is true about women?

A)They are less likely to die from a first heart attack than men.
B)They experience an increased risk of CHD after menopause.
C)They develop CHD on an average of about 15 years earlier than do men.
D)They are protected at young ages against CHD due to their lower levels of HDL cholesterol.

Question 7

Which of the following is a risk factor for coronary heart disease?

A)abnormal weight loss
B)low serum cholesterol
C)curvature of the spine
D)diabetes

Question 8

Which of the following personality qualities reflects a positive caring orientation to others?

A)communion
B)agency
C)unmitigated agency
D)unmitigated communion

Question 9

Depression in people who are hostile and in African Americans is likely to be closely linked to

A)an atypical antidepressant.
B)B.calcium-binding protein
C)C-reactive protein.
D)a tricyclic antidepressant.

Question 10

The combination of obesity centered around the waist,high blood pressure,high levels of triglycerides,and low levels of HDL cholesterol are symptomatic of

A)congenital heart disease.
B)metabolic syndrome.
C)liver cirrhosis.
D)chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Question 11

Depression is typically treated with Prozac,which is a(n)

A)atypical antidepressant.
B)monoamine oxidase inhibitor.
C)serotonin reuptake inhibitor.
D)tricyclic antidepressant.

Question 12

Coronary heart disease is

A)unrelated to the changes in diet.
B)a disease of modernization.
C)prevalent among children.
D)unrelated to social status.

Question 13

The personality quality "agency" is associated with

A)a focus on others.
B)a focus on oneself.
C)relationships.
D)self-sacrifice.

Question 14

Individuals who are high in hostility

A)have chronically low blood pressure.
B)show lower heart rate reactivity to laboratory stressors.
C)show exaggerated cardiovascular reactivity.
D)show strong antagonistic responses to sympathetic activities.

Question 15

Gerard is obese around the waist.He has high blood pressure and low levels of good cholesterol.These are symptomatic of

A)stroke.
B)hypertension.
C)multiple sclerosis.
D)metabolic syndrome.

Question 16

Raj,who complains of chest pain,is admitted to a hospital.The diagnosis reveals that his blood vessels have narrowed and the flow of oxygen and nourishment to his heart is partially obstructed.He is most likely suffering from

A)congenital heart disease.
B)coronary heart disease.
C)chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
D)Parkinson's disease.

Question 17

According to the research by Gallacher et al. , (1999)and Boyle et al. , (2004),which of the following emotions increases the risk of heart disease,predicts poor likelihood of survival,and acts as a potential trigger for heart attacks.

A)fear
B)anger
C)frustration
D)jealousy

Question 18

Hostile people exhibit a ________ response to sympathetic activity in response to stress.

A)friendly
B)strong pessimistic
C)favorable
D)weak antagonistic

Question 19

According to a study by Lawlor et al.(2005),risk factors for heart disease begin to cluster by age _____ for those low in socioeconomic status (SES).

A)32
B)43
C)14
D)25

Question 20

According to a study by Troxel et al.(2003),_____ are disproportionately exposed to chronic stress and are at an elevated risk for coronary heart disease (CHD).

A)Native Americans
B)African Americans
C)Asian Americans
D)Pacific Islanders

Question 21

Which of the following statements is true about diastolic pressure?

A)It has greater value in diagnosing hypertension than systolic pressure.
B)It is the amount of force developed during contraction of the heart.
C)It is the pressure in the arteries when the heart is relaxed.
D)Severe hyper tension involves a diastolic pressure consistently above
180)

Question 22

During cardiac rehabilitation of a patient,social support is

A)most effective when it is provided by the medical staff.
B)least effective when it is provided by a close family member.
C)likely to cause marital strain when it is provided by the spouse.
D)likely to reduce depression in the patient if the partner is overly solicitous.

Question 23

CPR is

A)cardiopulmonary relief.
B)cardiac prevention resources.
C)cardiac prevention resuscitation.
D)cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Question 24

Successful cardiac rehabilitation depends critically on

A)the cost involved in the treatment.
B)the medical practitioner's involvement.
C)the patient's active participation and commitment.
D)the level of cynical hostility shown by medical staff.

Question 25

In the context of cardiac rehabilitation,which of the following statements is true of social support?

A)Social support during hospitalization predicts depression during recovery.
B)Social support predicts an increased likelihood of social drinking.
C)Social support is likely to increase intolerance for exercise.
D)Social support predicts a decreased likelihood of smoking.

Question 26

Men and women in the United States face a similar chance of developing hypertension

A)between ages 45 and
54)
B)between ages 55 and
64)
C)before age
25)
D)after age
65)

Question 27

A systolic pressure consistently between 140 and 159 indicates

A)moderate hypertension.
B)severe hypertension.
C)mild hypertension.
D)critical hypertension.

Question 28

Patients with myocardial infraction are treated in a(n)_____ unit where their cardiac functioning is continually monitored.

A)hospice care
B)coronary care
C)home care
D)acute care

Question 29

_____ is a useful indicator of the functional capacity of recovering myocardial infarction patients.

A)Thallium scanning
B)Echocardiogram
C)Psychometric test
D)Treadmill test

Question 30

Beta-adrenergic blocking drugs are used in cardiac rehabilitation

A)to activate the parasympathetic nervous system.
B)to resist the effects of sympathetic nervous system stimulation.
C)to control the pain of angina pectoris.
D)to restrict the negative side effects of the administered drugs.

Question 31

In a study of cardiac invalidism (Taylor et al. ,1985),wives' perceptions of their husbands' cardiac and physical efficiency were highest when they had

A)been provided information about their husbands' medical and psychological condition.
B)observed their husbands' performance on a treadmill task.
C)personally experienced the treadmill task themselves.
D)been informed that a treadmill task is going to be conducted.

Question 32

_____ is a symptomless disease.

A)Type II diabetes
B)Stroke
C)Hypertension
D)Coronary heart disease

Question 33

_____ are the most common drugs prescribed for patients following an acute coronary event or a stroke,particularly if they have elevated lipids.

A)Statins
B)Diuretics
C)Beta-blockers
D)Vitamins

Question 34

Which of the following instruments is used to assess hypertension?

A)a pressure altimeter
B)a barometer
C)the Bourdon gauge
D)a sphygmomanometer

Question 35

Cardiac invalidism occurs when

A)patients and their spouses underestimate a patient's physical abilities.
B)spouses underestimate the extent of a patient's disabilities.
C)patients malinger in order to reap secondary gains associated with the sick role.
D)patients feel that they are unable to control the stressors in their daily lives.

Question 36

During the initial treatment for myocardial infarction,a patient who copes by using denial is likely to have

A)recurrent ischemia.
B)complications such as reinfarction.
C)reduced anxiety.
D)a diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder.

Question 37

_____ remains an underdiagnosed and untreated contributor to coronary heart disease (CHD)morbidity and mortality.

A)High cholesterol
B)Hostility
C)Genetics
D)Depression

Question 38

According to a study of hypertension risk factors by Ewart (1991),a family environment that fosters _____ contributes to hypertension.

A)negative affectivity
B)chronic anger
C)excessive competitiveness
D)cynical distrust

Question 39

Sudden death from heart attack is most likely to occur

A)at home.
B)at work.
C)on vacation.
D)while the patient is asleep.

Question 40

_____ refers to chronically searching the environment for potential threats.

A)Rumination
B)Due diligence
C)Vigilant coping
D)Type-A behavior

Question 41

Type II diabetes

A)is likely to develop only after age
60)
B)is the number-one killer in the United States.
C)is a rare phenomenon among children.
D)is a non-insulin-dependent diabetes.

Question 42

Poor adherence to diabetic regimens by people with Type II diabetes is most often a result of

A)their unawareness of the health risks.
B)the interference by their family members.
C)their dependency on the medical staff.
D)their increased sense of self-efficacy.

Question 43

Diabetes is a risk factor for coronary heart disease.

Question 44

People who are diagnosed with hypertension are advised to

A)increase red meat intake.
B)reduce physical activity to keep their blood pressure low.
C)consume low-potassium foods.
D)consume low-sodium foods.

Question 45

Cognitive-behavioral techniques

A)may substitute for drug treatments in case of severe hypertension.
B)are expensive and highly difficult to implement.
C)can be used without supervision and have no side effects.
D)have been moderately successful in the treatment of hypertension.

Question 46

Which of the following best predicts compliance with a diabetic treatment regimen?

A)restricting the number of persons in the patients' social support network
B)training diabetics to recognize when their blood glucose level needs to be modified
C)training diabetics in self-management and problem-solving skills
D)following strict stress management and relaxation training programs

Question 47

The prevalence of hypertension among lower-income African Americans is most likely due to

A)lower waist-to-hip ratio.
B)higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level.
C)lower fasting insulin levels.
D)greater body mass.

Question 48

Stroke patients with right-brain damage suffer a condition called alexithymia,which is characterized by

A)hypersensitivity to emotions.
B)indifference to one's situation.
C)difficulty in recognizing individual faces.
D)problems with short-term memory.

Question 49

Vigilant coping is a risk factor for heart disease.

Question 50

Which of the following factors is an indication of high risk for diabetes?

A)abnormal glycemic responsiveness to stress
B)high conscientiousness
C)reduced sympathetic nervous system activity
D)low blood pressure

Question 51

Research suggests that expressing anger is more reliably associated with cardiovascular reactivity than the state of anger.

Question 52

"John Henryism" is a personality predisposition

A)that helps African American men cope with racism.
B)that proves active coping efforts of a person are likely to be unsuccessful.
C)that enables a person to actively cope with psychosocial stressors.
D)that is found only in white men.

Question 53

Identifying patients with metabolic syndrome rarely helps predict heart attacks.

Question 54

Which of the following statements is true of stroke?

A)The likelihood of a stroke decreases with age.
B)Stroke occurs more often in women than in men.
C)Stroke does not occur among those who have diabetes.
D)Stroke risk factors overlap with those for heart disease.

Question 55

Patients with right-brain damage due to stroke typically suffer

A)communication disorders such as aphasia.
B)impaired performance on cognitive tasks that require the use of short-term memory.
C)difficulty in processing visual feedback.
D)extreme anxiety and depression.

Question 56

The risk factors for stroke

A)are independent of those for heart disease.
B)decrease with age.
C)cannot be modified by lifestyle changes.
D)include cigarette smoking.

Question 57

Across the life span,women seem to be protected against coronary heart disease relative to men.

Question 58

_____ involves a delicate balance between insulin production and insulin responsiveness.

A)Cardiac invalidism.
B)Fructose metabolism
C)Hypothyroidism
D)Glucose metabolism

Question 59

People who are high in cynical hostility generally have a high level of social support.

Question 60

Successful cardiac rehabilitation depends critically on the patient's active participation and commitment.

Question 61

Stroke patients achieve their maximum recovery within the first two months after stroke.

Question 62

Aspirin has been found to significantly reduce the risk for fatal heart attack.

Question 63

Explain why adherence to diabetic treatment programs is so difficult for most people to achieve.

Question 64

In individuals who are at high risk for diabetes,modest weight loss and small increases in physical activity can cause significant reduction in the incidence of diabetes.

Question 65

Explain the role of stress management in recovery from myocardial infarction.

Question 66

Mild hypertension is defined by a diastolic pressure consistently between 105 and
119.

Question 67

Explain the relationship of lifestyle factors to coronary heart disease and cardiac rehabilitation.

Question 68

Maria often complains of negative emotions,stress,and emotional pressures at work.Her colleague,Tandra,says that constant stress can trigger acute coronary events and advises her to meet a doctor.Support Tandra's statement by citing the research on emotion and coronary heart disease (CHD).

Question 69

Why is hypertension or cardiovascular disease (CVD)more prevalent among African American communities?