Deck 1: Chemistry: the Study of Change

Question 1

The SI prefixes kilo and milli represent, respectively:

A)10^-9 and 10^-6.
B)10⁶ and 10^-3.
C)10³ and 10^-3.
D)10⁹ and 10^-6.
E)10^-9 and 10^-1.

Answer 1

10³ and 10^-3.

Question 2

Which one of the following represents a chemical change?

A)boiling water to form steam
B)burning a piece of coal
C)heating lead until it melts
D)mixing iron filings and sand at room temperature
E)breaking glass

Answer 2

burning a piece of coal

Question 3

Which one of the following represents a physical change?

A)water, when heated to 100°C, forms steam
B)bleach turns hair yellow
C)sugar, when heated, becomes brown
D)milk turns sour
E)apples, when exposed to air, turn brown

Answer 3

water, when heated to 100°C, forms steam

Question 4

Which one of the following is an example of a physical property?

A)dynamite explodes
B)meat rots if it is not refrigerated
C)gasoline burns
D)ice floats on top of liquid water
E)a silver platter tarnishes

Question 5

The SI prefixes micro and milli represent, respectively:

A)10⁶ and 10^-6.
B)10^-3 and 10⁶.
C)10³ and 10^-6.
D)10^-3 and 10⁹.
E)10^-6 and 10^-3.

Question 6

All of the following are properties of tin.Which one is a chemical property of tin?

A)Tin can be hammered into a thin sheet.
B)At -40°C a sheet of tin crumbles to a gray powder.
C)Tin melts at 231.9°C.
D)When a bar of tin is bent, it emits an audible "cry".
E)Tin erodes when added to hydrochloric acid, and a clear gas forms.

Question 7

A unifying principle that explains a body of facts and relations is referred to as

A)a hypothesis.
B)a law.
C)a theory.
D)none of the above.

Question 8

Complete the following sentence.A hypothesis is

A)a tentative explanation for a set of observations that can be tested by further experimentation.
B)a statement describing a relationship between phenomena that is always the same under the same conditions.
C)a unifying principle that explains a body of facts and relations.
D)a model used to visualize the invisible.

Question 9

The SI prefixes mega and deci represent, respectively:

A)10³ and 10^-2.
B)10⁶ and 10^-1.
C)10^-3 and 10^-2.
D)10^-6 and 10².
E)10² and 10^-3.

Question 10

Which of the following does not represent a chemical change?

A)a freshly cut apple turns brown
B)milk turns sour on standing at room temperature
C)when cooled to 0°C, liquid water becomes ice
D)frying an egg
E)fermentation of sugar to alcohol

Question 11

A concise verbal or mathematical statement of a relationship between phenomena that is always the same under the same conditions is referred to as

A)a hypothesis.
B)a law.
C)a theory.
D)none of the above.

Question 12

Lead melts at 601.0°C.What temperature is this in °F?

A)302°F
B)365°F
C)1,050°F
D)1,082°F
E)1,114°F

Question 13

Complete the following sentence.A theory is

A)a tentative explanation for a set of observations that can be tested by further experimentation.
B)a statement describing a relationship between phenomena that is always the same under the same conditions.
C)a unifying principle that explains a body of facts and relations.
D)a model used to visualize the invisible.

Question 14

A tentative explanation for a set of observations that can be tested by further experimentation is referred to as

A)a hypothesis.
B)a law.
C)a theory.
D)none of the above.

Question 15

Complete the following sentence.A scientific law is

A)a tentative explanation for a set of observations that can be tested by further experimentation.
B)a statement describing a relationship between phenomena that is always the same under the same conditions.
C)a unifying principle that explains a body of facts and relations.
D)a model used to visualize the invisible.

Question 16

All of the following are properties of sodium.Which one is a physical property of sodium?

A)It's surface turns black when first exposed to air.
B)It is a solid at 25°C and changes to a liquid when heated to 98°C.
C)When placed in water it sizzles and a gas is formed.
D)When placed in contact with chlorine it forms a compound that melts at 801°C.
E)Sodium is never found as the pure metal in nature.

Question 17

A centimeter corresponds to:

A)10^-2 meters.
B)10^-3 meters.
C)10^-6 meters.
D)10^-9 meters.
E)10^-12 meters.

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of a physical property?

A)corrosiveness of sulfuric acid
B)toxicity of cyanide
C)flammability of gasoline
D)neutralization of stomach acid with an antacid
E)lead becomes a liquid when heated to 601^oC

Question 19

Choose the response that includes all the items listed below that are pure substances. i.orange juice ii.steam iii.ocean water iv.oxygen v.vegetable soup

A)i, iii, v
B)ii, iv
C)i, iii, iv
D)iv only
E)all of them are pure

Question 20

A microliter corresponds to:

A)10^-2 liters.
B)10^-3 liters.
C)10^-6 liters.
D)10^-9 liters.
E)10^-12 liters.

Question 21

Bromine is a red liquid at 25°C.Its density is 3.12 g/cm³.What is the volume of 28.1 g of liquid bromine?

A)87.7 cm³
B)0.111 cm³ .
C)9.01 cm³
D)28.1 cm³
E)None of the above

Question 22

Dry ice (carbon dioxide)changes from a solid to a gas at -78.5°C.What is this temperature in °F?

A)-173°F
B)-12.6°F
C)-109°F
D)-75.6°F
E)none of them are within 2°F of the right answer

Question 23

How many milliliters is 0.005 L?

A)0.5 mL
B)5 mL
C)0.50 mL
D)0.000005 mL
E)200 mL

Question 24

What is the volume of a 2.5 g block of metal if its density is 4.75 g/cm³?

A)0.53 cm³
B)1.9 cm³
C)2.5 cm³
D)4.75 cm³
E)11.9 cm³

Question 25

The diameter of Earth is 12.7 Mm.Express this diameter in centimeters.

A)1.27 × 10⁵ cm
B)1.27 × 10⁶ cm
C)1.27 × 10⁷ cm
D)1.27 × 10⁸ cm
E)1.27 × 10⁹ cm

Question 26

Express 7,500 nm as picometers.

A)7.50 pm
B)75.0 pm
C)750 pm
D)7.5 × 10⁶ pm
E)7.5 × 10¹² pm

Question 27

You just measured a sugar cube and obtained the following information:
mass = 3.48 g
height = length = width = 1.3 cm
Determine the volume and density of the cube.Suppose the sugar cube was added to a cup of water.Before it dissolves, will the sugar cube float or sink to the bottom?

Question 28

In 1828, the diameter of the U.S.dime was changed to approximately 18 mm.What is this diameter when expressed in nanometers?

A)1.8 × 10⁹ nm
B)1.8 × 10⁷ nm
C)1.8 × 10¹ nm
D)1.8 × 10^-5 nm
E)1.8 × 10^-10 nm

Question 29

Many home freezers maintain a temperature of 0°F.Express this temperature in °C.

A)-32°C
B)-18°C
C)0°C
D)18°C
E)57.6°C

Question 30

You just measured a block of wood and obtained the following information:
mass = 55.120 g
length = 8.5 cm
height = 4.3 cm
width = 3.3 cm
Determine the volume and density of the wood block.

Question 31

The highest temperature ever recorded in Phoenix, Arizona, was 122°F.Express this temperature in °C.

A)50.0°C
B)64.4°C
C)67.8°C
D)162.0°C
E)219.6°C

Question 32

Express the number 26.7 in scientific notation.

A)2.67 × 10^-2
B)2.67 × 10^-1
C)2.67 × 10¹
D)2.67 × 10²
E)26.7 is already written in scientific notation

Question 33

Which of the following represents the largest mass?

A)2.0 × 10² mg
B)0.0010 kg
C)1.0 × 10⁵ ng
D)2.0 × 10² cg
E)10.0 dg

Question 34

Iron has a density of 7.86 g/cm³.The volume occupied by 55.85 g of iron is

A)0.141 cm³
B)7.11 cm³
C)2.8 cm³
D)439 cm³
E)None of the above.

Question 35

Which of the following objects will sink when dropped into a bucket of water? (Given: density of water = 1.00 g/cm³)

A)a cube of aluminum (density = 2.702 g/cm³)
B)a diamond (density = 3.51 g/cm³)
C)a chunk of dry ice (density = 1.56 g/cm³)
D)a chunk of sodium (density = 0.91 g/cm³)
E)a sphere of magnesium (density = 1.74 g/cm³)

Question 36

You just measured a metal cylinder and obtained the following information:
mass = 3.543 g
diameter = 0.53 cm
height = 4.4 cm
Determine the volume (V)and density of the cylinder.(V= $\pi$ r² h, where r = radius, h = height, $\pi$ = 3.14)

Question 37

The density of lead is 11.4 g/cm³ at 25°C.Calculate the volume occupied by 25.0 g of lead.

A)2.19 cm³
B)0.456 cm³
C)285 cm³
D)1.24 cm³
E)6.05 cm³

Question 38

Liquid nitrogen boils at -195.8°C.Express the boiling point of liquid nitrogen in °F.

A)-384.4°F
B)-352.4°F
C)-320.4°F
D)-140.8°F
E)-76.8°F

Question 39

The element gallium melts at 29.8°C.What temperature is this in °F?

A)-54.1°F
B)-7.8°F
C)+13.5°F
D)+51.3°F
E)+85.6°F

Question 40

Liquid nitrogen boils at -195.8°C.Express the boiling point of liquid nitrogen in kelvin.

A)-469.0 K
B)-77.4 K
C)all temperatures are 0 K on the Kelvin scale
D)77.4 K
E)469.0 K

Question 41

How many significant figures does the result of the following operation contain? 8.52010 × 7.90

A)2
B)3
C)4
D)5
E)6

Question 42

How many significant figures does the result of the following sum contain? 8.520 + 2.7

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
E)5

Question 43

What is the area, in square centimeters, of an 8.5 inch by 11 inch sheet of paper?

A)94 cm²
B)240 cm²
C)420 cm²
D)6.0 × 10² cm²
E)1.2 × 10⁴ cm²

Question 44

Using the arithmetic problem below, determine the correct number of significant figures. (1.5 × 10^-4 × 61.3)+ 2.01 =

A)2.0192
B)2.0
C)2.019
D)2.02
E)2.019195

Question 45

Give the correct number of significant figures to the problem below. 6.2 x 10^-13 x 5.68 x 10⁸ =

A)3.5 x 10^-13
B)3.5 x 10^-5
C)3.5 x 10^-104
D)3.5 x 10^-4
E)3.5 x 10^-21

Question 46

Give the correct number of significant figures to the problem below. 4.5 x 10¹⁴ / 8.3 x 10⁸ =

A)5.4 x 10²¹
B)5.4 x 10²²
C)5.4 x 10⁶
D)5.4 x 10¹⁴
E)5.4 x 10⁵

Question 47

Give the correct number of significant figures to the problem below. 2.4 x 10^-4 + 3.1 x 10^-2 =

A)5.5 x 10^-6
B)5.5 x 10^-8
C)5.5 x 10^-4
D)3.1 x 10^-2
E)2.4 x 10^-4

Question 48

The number 1.050 × 10⁹ has how many significant figures?

A)2
B)3
C)4
D)9
E)13

Question 49

Convert 2.340 x 10^-4 to decimal format.

A)23,400
B)2,340
C)0.000234
D)0.0002340
E)0.002340

Question 50

The average distance from Earth to the sun is 9.3 × 10⁷ miles.How many kilometers is this?

A)1.5 × 10⁸ km
B)1.5 × 10⁵ km
C)5.6 × 10⁷ km
D)1.7 × 10^-8 km
E)1.5 × 10¹¹ km

Question 51

Express the number 0.000053 in scientific notation.

A)5.3 × 10^-2
B)5.3 × 10^-3
C)5.3 × 10^-4
D)5.3 × 10^-5
E)5.3 × 10^-6

Question 52

Give the correct number of significant figures to the problem below. 5.80 x 10^-1 - 3.4 x 10^-2 =

A)5.5 x 10^-1
B)5.46 x 10^-1
C)2.4 x 10^-3
D)2.4 x 10²
E)5.5 x 10^-2

Question 53

Suppose a house has a floor area of 2,250 square feet.What is this area in units of square centimeters?

A)2.42 cm²
B)2.09 × 10⁶ cm²
C)5.02 × 10⁴ cm²
D)6.86 × 10⁴ cm²
E)101 cm²

Question 54

After carrying out the following operations, how many significant figures are appropriate to show in the result? (13.7 + 0.027)÷ 8.221

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
E)5

Question 55

How many significant figures does the difference 218.7201 - 218.63 contain?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)5
E)7

Question 56

Convert 4.5 x 10⁴ to decimal format.

A)45,000
B)4,500
C)0.00045
D)0.0045
E)0.000450

Question 57

Convert 5.00 x 10² milliliters to quarts.(1L = 1.06 qt)

A)1.88 qt
B)0.472 qt
C)0.528 qt
D)4.72 × 10⁵ qt
E)5.28 × 10⁵ qt

Question 58

How many significant figures are there in 0.3070 g?

A)6
B)5
C)4
D)3
E)2

Question 59

What is the volume, in cubic inches, of a brick that is 4.0 in × 2.7 in × 8.0 in?

A)15 in³
B)51 in³
C)78 in³
D)87 in³
E)150 in³

Question 60

How many significant figures does the result of the following sum contain? 8.5201 + 1.93

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
E)5

Question 61

Convert 7.2 cm³ to mm³

A)7.2 x 10¹ mm³
B)7.2 x 10^-5 mm³
C)7.2 x 10^-3 mm³
D)7.2 x 10² mm³
E)7.2 x 10³ mm³

Question 62

Iridium is essentially tied with osmium for the distinction of being called the "densest element" with a density of 22.5 g/cm³.What would be the mass in pounds of a 1.0 ft × 1.0 ft × 1.0 ft cube of iridium.(1 lb = 453.6 g)

A)1.5 lb
B)5.2 lb
C)6.20 lb
D)1.4 × 10³ lb
E)6.4 × 10⁵ lb

Question 63

A piece of metal with a mass of 611 g is placed into a graduated cylinder that contains 25.1 mL of water, raising the water level to 56.7 mL.What is the density of the metal?

A)2.70 g/cm³
B)7.13 g/cm³
C)8.96 g/cm³
D)10.5 g/cm³
E)19.3 g/cm³

Question 64

A piece of a metal alloy with a mass of 114 g was placed into a graduated cylinder that contained 25.0 mL of water, raising the water level to 42.5 mL.What is the density of the metal?

A)0.154 g/cm³
B)0.592 g/cm³
C)2.68 g/cm³
D)6.51 g/cm³
E)7.25 g/cm³

Question 65

Calculate the mass of the air contained in a room that measures 2.50 m × 5.50 m × 3.00 m (density of air = 1.29 g/dm³ at 25°C).

A)3.13 × 10 ^-5 g
B)32.0 kg
C)53.2 kg
D)53.2 g
E)None of the above.

Question 66

If the price of gasoline is $3.85 per U.S.gallon, what is the cost per liter? (1 L = 1.06 qt)

A)$1.02/L
B)$14.60/L
C)$0.96/L
D)$3.85/L
E)$3.63/L

Question 67

If a car has an EPA mileage rating of 30 miles per gallon, what is this rating in kilometers per liter? (1 L = 1.06 qt)

A)200 km/L
B)180 km/L
C)70 km/L
D)13 km/L
E)11 km/L

Question 68

How many square kilometers are equivalent to 28.5 cm²?

A)2.85 × 10^-9 km²
B)2.85 × 10^-6 km²
C)285 km²
D)2.85 × 10^-4 km²
E)none of these

Question 69

Which of the following speeds is the greatest? (1 mile = 1609 m)

A)40 mi/h
B)2.0 × 10⁵ mm/min
C)40 km/h
D)0.74 km/min
E)400 m/min

Question 70

The density of mercury is 13.6 g/cm³.What volume (in quarts)is occupied by 100.g of Hg? (1 L = 1.06 qt)

A)144 qt
B)7.35 qt
C)7.79 qt
D)7.79 × 10^-3 qt
E)1.44 × 10^-4 qt

Question 71

The density of mercury is 13.6 g/cm³.What is the mass in pounds of 1.0 gallons of mercury? (1 lb = 453.6 g; 1 gal = 3.785 L)

A)0.11 lb
B)30.lb
C)51 lb
D)83 lb
E)110 lb

Question 72

A block of iron has a mass of 826 g.What is the mass of a block of magnesium that has the same volume as the block of iron? The following densities at 25°C are provided: magnesium, 1.7 g/cm³ ; graphite, 1.8 g/cm³ ; iron, 7.9 g/cm³.

A)1,400 g
B)3,800 g
C)830 g
D)180 g
E)none of them are within 10 g of the right answer.

Question 73

The "escape velocity" from Earth (the speed required to escape Earth's gravity)is 2.5 × 10⁴ miles per hour.What is this speed in m/s? (1 mile = 1609 m)

A)4.2 × 10^-3 m/s
B)6.9 m/s
C)4.2 × 10² m/s
D)1.1 × 10⁴ m/s
E)4.0 × 10⁷ m/s

Question 74

Convert 4.6 km to mm.

A)4.6 x 10⁶ mm
B)4.6 x 10³ mm
C)4.6 x 10^-6 mm
D)4.6 x 10^-2 mm
E)4.6 x 10⁴ mm

Question 75

Convert 6.4 mm³ to mL

A)6.4 x 10^-3 mL
B)6.4 x 10^-1 mL
C)6.4 x 10³ mL
D)6.4 x 10^-2 mL
E)6.4 mL

Question 76

The Hope diamond weighs 44.0 carats.Determine the volume occupied by the diamond, given that its density is 3.5 g/cm³ at 20°C, and that 1 carat = 0.200 g.

A)2.5 cm³
B)0.40 cm³
C)0.016 cm³
D)63 cm³
E)150 cm³

Question 77

What is the volume, in cubic centimeters, of a brick that is 4.0 in × 2.7 in × 8.0 in?

A)5.3 cm³
B)53 cm³
C)87 cm³
D)4.8 × 10² cm³
E)1.4 × 10³ cm³

Question 78

Convert 4.5 m³ to L

A)4.5 x 10^-1 L
B)4.5 x 10¹ L
C)4.5 x 10^-3 L
D)4.5x10³ L
E)4.5 x 10²L

Question 79

A block of iron has a mass of 483 g.What is the mass of a block of graphite that has the same volume as the block of iron? The following densities at 25°C are provided: magnesium, 1.7 g/cm³ ; graphite, 1.8 g/cm³ ; iron, 7.9 g/cm³.

A)110 g
B)2120 g
C)6870 g
D)34 g
E)none of them are within 10 g of the right answer.

Question 80

An aluminum beverage can contain 12.0 fluid ounces of liquid.Express this volume in liters.(1 fl oz = 29.6 mL)

A)4.07 × 10^-2 L
B)0.355 L
C)0.407 L
D)2.46 L
E)3.55 × 10² L