Deck 22: Nonmetallic Elements and Their Compounds

Question 1

A chemical formula of the carbide ion is

A)Si^4-
B)C₂^-
C)C₂^2-
D)CN^-
E)C₃^-

Answer 1

C₂^2-

Question 2

Which of these substances is being considered as a replacement fuel for gasoline?

A)D₂O
B)H₂
C)NO₂
D)F₂
E)He

Answer 2

H₂

Question 3

Determine all of the covalent hydrides from the compounds listed below. I.CaH₂ II.H₂S III.SiH₄

A)I only
B)II only
C)I and II
D)I and III
E)II and III

Answer 3

II and III

Question 4

Determine all of the ionic hydrides from the compounds listed below. I.CaH₂ II.H₂S III.SiH₄

A)I only
B)II only
C)I and II
D)I and III
E)II and III

Question 5

Which of these reactions is an example of nitrogen fixation?

A)2N₂O $\rarr$ 2N₂ + O₂
B)NH₃ + H₂O $\rarr$ NH₄⁺ + OH^-
C)N₂ + O₂ $\rarr$ 2NO
D)2NO₂ + H₂O $\rarr$ HNO₂ + HNO₃
E)2NO + O₂ $\rarr$ 2NO₂

Question 6

Phosphoric acid is the most important of the phosphorus oxoacids.Industrially, phosphoric acid is prepared by

A)the Ostwald process.
B)the Haber process.
C)the reaction of phosphate rock with sulfuric acid.
D)the reaction of P₄O₁₀ with water.
E)the Frasch process.

Question 7

When liquid phosphorus trichloride reacts with water, the products are

A)PCl₅ and H₃PO₄.
B)H₃PO₃ and Cl₂.
C)H₃PO₄ and HCl.
D)H₃PO₄ and Cl₂.
E)H₃PO₃ and HCl.

Question 8

When phosphate rock, Ca₃(PO₄)₂(s), is converted to phosphorus,

A)one of the products of the reaction is water.
B)sulfuric acid is added to generate insoluble calcium sulfate.
C)hydrogen is used to reduce the phosphate to phosphorus.
D)silica is added to form a calcium silicate slag.
E)oxygen must be added to prevent reaction of P₄.

Question 9

The Ostwald process is the main method for the manufacture of nitric acid.In the first step of this process

A)nitrogen and hydrogen react to form NH₃.
B)ammonia is burned in O₂ to generate N₂ and H₂O.
C)nitrogen and oxygen react to form NO₂.
D)nitrogen and oxygen react to form NO.
E)ammonia is burned with O₂ to generate NO and H₂O.

Question 10

Which of the following substances is a superoxide?

A)KO₂
B)Na₂O₂
C)CO₂
D)CaO
E)Al₂O₃

Question 11

The presence of ozone in the upper atmosphere is important because

A)O₃ absorbs outgoing radiation from the earth's surface, thus helping to keep the earth warm.
B)O₃ absorbs harmful solar radiation.
C)O₃ dissolves in water droplets and is very reactive.
D)O₃ is a major reactant in photosynthesis.

Question 12

Based on the following options, select the compound with hydrogen in the - 1 oxidation state.

A)NaH
B)B₂H₆
C)H₂SO₄
D)H₂S
E)PH₃

Question 13

The term catenation describes the

A)tendency of carbon atoms to form cations in the presence of alkali metals.
B)process of creating synthetic gas from coal.
C)extraction of precious metals with sodium or potassium cyanide.
D)ability of carbon atoms to form long chains and rings.
E)interaction of Group 4A elements with Group 8A elements at high pressures and temperatures to form coordination compounds.

Question 14

Based on the following options, select the substance with hydrogen in the +1 oxidation state.

A)KH
B)CH₄
C)H₂
D)AlH₃
E)SrH₂

Question 15

Which of the following will oxidize gold?

A)concentrated nitric acid
B)concentrated hydrochloric acid
C)aqua regia, a mixture of concentrated nitric acid and concentrated hydrochloric acid
D)all of the above can oxidize gold
E)none of the above can oxidize gold because it is a noble metal and too low on the activity series

Question 16

Ozone (O₃)and oxygen gas (O₂)are examples of

A)isotopes.
B)allotropes.
C)polymorphs.
D)alloys.
E)amphoterism.

Question 17

Select basic oxide from the choices given.

A)CaO
B)SiO₂
C)CO₂
D)P₄O₆
E)H₂O₂

Question 18

Which one of these elements is a liquid at room temperature?

A)bromine
B)chlorine
C)fluorine
D)iodine
E)selenium

Question 19

Which of the following substances is a peroxide?

A)KO₂
B)Na₂O₂
C)CO₂
D)CaO
E)Al₂O₃

Question 20

Which one of these elements is not a gas at room temperature?

A)chlorine
B)fluorine
C)nitrogen
D)oxygen
E)sulfur

Question 21

What element is the most abundant by mass in Earth's crust?

A)Fe
B)H
C)K
D)P
E)O

Question 22

Which of these substances is the active ingredient in ordinary household bleach?

A)HCl
B)Cl₂
C)NaCl
D)NaClO
E)NaClO₄

Question 23

The bond energy of F₂ is unusually low, in comparison with the other halogens, due to the small size of the fluorine atom.Which of the following periodic properties is also unusually low in the case of fluorine?

A)first ionization energy
B)electron affinity
C)electronegativity
D)diatomic bond length
E)ionic radius

Question 24

In which of the following compounds is nitrogen in a positive oxidation state?

A)NH₃
B)N₂H₄
C)NH₂OH
D)N₂
E)NO

Question 25

Hydrogen plays an important role in many industrial processes.Write a balanced chemical equation for its production by the reaction of propane (C₃H₈, obtained from natural gas)and steam.

Question 26

Which of the following choices is/are covalent oxides? I.SrO II.SiO₂ III.SO₂

A)I only
B)II only
C)III only
D)I and II
E)II and III

Question 27

Which one of the following compounds can react with water to form oxygen gas?

A)PCl₅
B)NO₂
C)H₂O₂
D)KH
E)NH₃

Question 28

Select acidic oxide from the choices given.

A)CaO
B)Na₂O
C)Na₂O₂
D)P₄O₆
E)KOH

Question 29

Choose the formula that does not represent a stable allotrope.

A)N₂
B)S₈
C)O₂
D)P₂
E)I₂

Question 30

Which of these aqueous solutions has the highest pH?

A)0.100 M NaOH
B)0.100 M Na₂O
C)0.100 M Na₃N
D)all of these solutions have the same pH due to the leveling effect
E)these all are solutions of weak bases, so K_b values are needed in order to decide

Question 31

Which of these aqueous solutions has the lowest pH?

A)0.100 M NaOH
B)0.100 M Na₂O
C)0.100 M Na₃N
D)all of these solutions have the same pH due to the leveling effect
E)these all are solutions of weak bases, so K_b values are needed in order to decide

Question 32

Chlorine gas is prepared commercially by

A)electrolysis of carbon tetrachloride.
B)oxidation of chloride ion with F₂(g).
C)electrolysis of NaCl(aq).
D)oxidation of chloride ion with Br₂(aq).
E)electrolysis of AlCl₃(aq).

Question 33

Hydrogen plays an important role in many industrial processes.Write a balanced chemical equation for its production by the water gas reaction.

Question 34

The main commercial source of bromine is

A)silver bromide ore.
B)seawater.
C)the Frasch process.
D)phosphate rock.
E)the Ostwald process.

Question 35

Choose the true statement concerning the relative acid strengths of H₂SO₄ and H₂SO_3.

A)H₂SO₄ is a stronger acid than H₂SO₃ because the S in H₂SO₄ has a more positive oxidation state than the S in H₂SO₃ which influences the polarity of the O-H bonds.
B)H₂SO₄ is a weaker acid than H₂SO₃ because the S in H₂SO₄ has a more positive oxidation state than the S in H₂SO₃ which influences the polarity of the O-H bonds.
C)H₂SO₄ is a stronger acid than H₂SO₃ because the S in H₂SO₄ has a less positive oxidation state than the S in H₂SO₃ which influences the polarity of the O-H bonds.
D)H₂SO₄ is a weaker acid than H₂SO₃ because the S in H₂SO₄ has a more negative oxidation state than the S in H₂SO₃ which influences the polarity of the O-H bonds.

Question 36

In which of the following compounds is sulfur in a positive oxidation state?

A)H₂S
B)S₈
C)CaS
D)MnS
E)SO₃

Question 37

Which of the following choices is/are ionic oxides? I.SrO II.SiO₂ III.SO₂

A)I only
B)II only
C)III only
D)I and II
E)II and III

Question 38

Which of these industrial chemicals is produced in the greatest amount annually?

A)HNO₃
B)H₃PO₄
C)H₂
D)H₂SO₄
E)HClO₃

Question 39

List the following acids in order of increasing acid strength: HOCl, HClO₃, HClO₄

A)HOCl < HClO₃ < HClO₄
B)HClO₄ < HClO₃ < HOCl
C)HClO₃ < HClO₄ < HOCl
D)HOCl < HClO₄ < HClO₃
E)HClO₃ < HClO < HClO₄

Question 40

Which one of the following compounds can react with water to form hydrogen gas?

A)PCl₅
B)NO₂
C)H₂O₂
D)KH
E)NH₃

Question 41

What is carborundum, and how is it prepared.What physical property of carborundum makes it a useful material?

Question 42

Write a balanced chemical equation to show the production of chlorine by the chlor-alkali process.

Question 43

Write the chemical formula of the superoxide ion.

Question 44

Of the three oxides SiO₂, MgO, and P₄O₁₀, the most acidic oxide is P₄O₁₀.

Question 45

Write the chemical formula of the oxide ion.

Question 46

Write the formula for the binary hydride you would expect calcium to form.

Question 47

Why is it especially dangerous to mix cyanide salts with acids? Write a chemical equation to illustrate your answer.

Question 48

P₄O₆ and P₄O₁₀ are allotropes of phosphorus.

Question 49

Alkali metal hydrides are very reactive with water, forming H₂ gas.

Question 50

The chemistry of fluorine differs in many ways from that of the rest of the halogens.

Question 51

Write the chemical formula of the peroxide ion.

Question 52

Write an equation for a laboratory preparation of nitrogen gas.