Deck 25: Synthetic and Natural Organic Polymers

Question 1

An essential amino acid is one that

A)must be included in the diet.
B)contains no sulfur.
C)occurs in all types of proteins.
D)is necessary for vitamin production.
E)the body can synthesize.

Answer 1

must be included in the diet.

Question 2

Which one of these choices is the general structural formula of an amino acid?

A)
B)R-CH₂-NH₂
C)
D)

Answer 2

Question 3

An amino acid is a compound that contains at least

A)one amino group and one amide group.
B)two amino groups and one carboxylic acid group.
C)one hydroxyl group and one methyl group.
D)one carboxylic acid group and one amino group.
E)one methyl group and one amide group.

Answer 3

one carboxylic acid group and one amino group.

Question 4

The segment represents the polymer named

A)polybutylene.
B)polyvinyl chloride.
C)polypropylene.
D)polystyrene.
E)polyethylene.

Question 5

The functional group found in proteins is called a (an)

A)amide.
B)carboxylic acid.
C)amine.
D)amino acid.
E)dipeptide.

Question 6

A peptide bond (also called an amide bond)joins two amino acids together. What atoms are linked by this bond?

A)C - O
B)C - H
C)C - N
D)N - S
E)S - C

Question 7

Polypropene results from the polymerization of

Question 8

A polymer made in a polymerization reaction that also produces small molecules (such as water)is classified as

A)an addition polymer
B)a natural polymer.
C)a condensation polymer.
D)an elimination polymer.
E)a copolymer.

Question 9

The polymer formed from the monomer CH₂=CH-CN is

A)
B)(CH₂=CHCN)_n
C)(CH₂=CH=CN)_n
D)

Question 10

The only true hydrocarbon polymer found in nature is

A)rubber
B)nylon
C)Tyvek
D)polystyrene
E)neoprene

Question 11

Acrylonitrile results from the polymerization of

Question 12

Polystyrene results from the polymerization of

Question 13

The segment represents the polymer named

A)polybutylene.
B)polyvinyl chloride.
C)polypropylene.
D)polystyrene.
E)polyethylene.

Question 14

Poly(vinyl chloride)results from the polymerization of

Question 15

Which one of these molecules could not serve as a monomer for an addition polymer?

A)ClCH=CH₂
B)H₂C=CH-CN
C)H₂C=CH-C₆H₅
D)
E)

Question 16

Which one of these materials is a copolymer?

A)Styrene-butadiene
B)polyvinyl chloride
C)polypropylene
D)poly-cis-isoprene
E)polyethylene

Question 17

What type of polymer is represented by the following repeating segment?

A)polyamide
B)polyester
C)polyether
D)polyolefin
E)polyethylene

Question 18

A protein is

A)a polysaccharide.
B)a saturated ester of glycerol.
C)one of the units making up a nucleic acid.
D)a polymer of amino acids.
E)an aromatic hydrocarbon.

Question 19

Which of the following polymers is formed by a condensation process?

A)PVC
B)nylon
C)Teflon
D)Plexiglas
E)neoprene

Question 20

Which of the structures below corresponds to the dipeptide alanylcysteine? The parent amino acids are shown below.

Question 21

Which nitrogen base is found in RNA but not in DNA?

A)adenine
B)cytosine
C)guanine
D)thymine
E)uracil

Question 22

Which of these molecules is a product of the hydrolysis of DNA?

A)acetic acid
B)glucose
C)adenine
D)ribose
E)water

Question 23

Amides are synthesized from two classes of organic compounds. Those two types of compounds are

A)carboxylic acids and alkenes.
B)amines and alcohols.
C)alcohols and carboxylic acids.
D)amines and carboxylic acids.
E)alkenes and amines.

Question 24

Which of the structures below corresponds to the dipeptide cysteylananine? The parent amino acids are shown below.

Question 25

The secondary structure of a protein is the

A)configuration of those parts of the chain stabilized by a regular pattern of covalent bonds between C and O groups of the backbone of the chain.
B)configuration of those parts of the chain stabilized by a regular pattern of hydrogen bonds between CO and NH groups of the backbone of the chain.
C)specific order of amino acids in the chain.
D)overall three-dimensional structure of the molecule.
E)overall arrangement of several polypeptide chains into one functional unit.

Question 26

Write an equation for the reaction of the diamine and di-carboxylic acid shown below, and show the structure of the nylon polymer that would be formed.

Question 27

Which choice contains all three molecular units found in nucleotides?

A)phosphate, sugar, amino acid
B)amino acid, nitrogen-containing base, sugar
C)carboxylic acid, sugar, protein
D)phosphate, nitrogen-containing base, sugar
E)sugar, amino acid, protein

Question 28

The backbone of a strand of nucleic acid consists of

A)phosphate units only.
B)phosphate and sugar units.
C)polyester.
D)phosphate, sugar, and nitrogen base units.
E)sugar units only.

Question 29

Which of the following statements about the binding of oxygen to deoxyhemoglobin is correct?

A)The binding of oxygen to Fe²⁺ in the first heme pulls the iron ion into the porphyrin ring, decreasing the affinity for the second oxygen.
B)The binding of oxygen to Fe²⁺ in the first heme pushes the iron ion out of the porphyrin ring, decreasing the affinity for the second oxygen.
C)The binding of oxygen to Fe²⁺ in the first heme pulls the iron ion into the porphyrin ring, increasing the affinity for the second oxygen.
D)The binding of oxygen to Fe²⁺ in the first heme pushes the iron ion out of the porphyrin ring, increasing the affinity for the second oxygen.
E)Oxygen does not bind to deoxyhemoglobin.

Question 30

The following amino acids all have nonpolar side chains.

Question 31

The intermolecular force between bases on the opposite strands of DNA responsible for its double-helical structure is

A)hydrogen bonding.
B)dispersion force.
C)covalent bonding.
D)ionic force.
E)dipole-dipole force.

Question 32

Phosphorus is an essential mineral element. It is an important atom in which one of the following?

A)amino acids
B)proteins
C)polyethylene
D)nylon
E)DNA

Question 33

Proteins occurring in the $\beta$ -pleated sheet structure

A)are relatively inelastic.
B)never occur in nature.
C)produce structurally weak materials.
D)contain no peptide bonds.
E)are not involved in hydrogen bonds.

Question 34

The monomer used to prepare polyvinyl chloride (PVC)is CHCl=CHCl.

Question 35

Which one of these molecules is part of the make-up of both DNA and RNA?

A)deoxyribose
B)ribose
C)phosphate
D)thymine
E)uracil

Question 36

Which choice lists both the sugar and the nitrogen base that are a part of RNA but are not a part of DNA?

A)deoxyribose and thymine
B)ribose and deoxyribose
C)ribose and uracil
D)uracil and thymine
E)ribose and thymine

Question 37

A protein that has been reversibly denatured has

A)temporarily lost part or all of its secondary or tertiary structure.
B)temporarily lost part or all of its primary structure.
C)been genetically modified due to errors in the nucleotides in the parent DNA.
D)temporarily lost its amino acid residues.
E)temporarily lost the hydrogen bonding between nitrogenous bases.

Question 38

Draw the structural formula of the monomer that would be used to prepare the following
polymer (Teflon):

Question 39

The primary structure of a protein refers to the unique amino acid sequence of the polypeptide chain.

Question 40

Cysteine and methionine are unique among the twenty essential amino acids in that they

A)are chiral.
B)contain an aromatic ring.
C)do not form dipolar ions.
D)contain sulfur.
E)cannot join with other amino acids to form peptides.

Question 41

Both DNA and RNA have double-helical structures.

Question 42

Hydrogen bonding, dispersion forces, ionic forces, and dipole-dipole forces all affect the structure of a protein?