Deck 7: Periodic Properties of the Elements

Question 1

Of the choices below, which gives the order for first ionization energies?

A)Cl > S > Al > Ar > Si
B)Ar > Cl > S > Si > Al
C)Al > Si > S > Cl > Ar
D)Cl > S > Al > Si > Ar
E)S > Si > Cl > Al > Ar

Answer 1

Ar > Cl > S > Si > Al

Question 2

Which of the following correctly represents the second ionization of aluminum?

A)Al⁺ (g)+ e^- → Al (g)
B)Al (g)→ Al⁺ (g)+ e^-
C)Al- (g)+ e^- → Al^2- (g)
D)Al⁺ (g)+ e^- → Al²⁺ (g)
E)Al⁺ (g)→ Al²⁺ (g)+ e^-

Answer 2

Al⁺ (g)→ Al²⁺ (g)+ e^-

Question 3

Of the choices below, which gives the order for first ionization energies?

A)Kr > Se > Br > Ga > Ge
B)Kr > Br > Se > Ge > Ga
C)Ga > Br > Ge > Kr > Se
D)Ga > Ge > Se > Br > Kr
E)Br > Se > Ga > Kr > Ge

Answer 3

Kr > Br > Se > Ge > Ga

Question 4

__________ is isoelectronic with argon and __________ is isoelectronic with neon.

A)Cl^-, F^-
B)Cl^-, Cl⁺
C)F+, F^-
D)Ne^-, Kr⁺
E)Ne^-, Ar⁺

Question 5

Of the following, which gives the correct order for atomic radius for Ca, K, As, Ge and Kr?

A)Ca > K > As > Ge > Kr
B)Kr > Ge > As > K > Ca
C)Ge > As > Kr > K > Ca
D)K > Ca > Ge > As > Kr
E)Kr > As > Ge > Ca > K

Question 6

__________ have the lowest first ionization energies of the groups listed.

A)Alkali metals
B)Transition elements
C)Halogens
D)Alkaline earth metals
E)Noble gases

Question 7

The atomic radius of main-group elements generally increases down a group because __________.

A)effective nuclear charge increases down a group
B)effective nuclear charge decreases down a group
C)effective nuclear charge zigzags down a group
D)the principal quantum number of the valence orbitals increases
E)both effective nuclear charge increases down a group and the principal quantum number of the valence orbitals increases

Question 8

Electrons in the 1s subshell are much closer to the nucleus in Ar than in He due to the larger __________ in Ar.

A)nuclear charge
B)paramagnetism
C)diamagnetism
D)Hund's rule
E)azimuthal quantum number

Question 9

The effective nuclear charge of an atom is primarily affected by __________.

A)inner electrons
B)outer electrons
C)nuclear charge
D)electron distribution
E)orbital radial probability

Question 10

Screening of the nuclear charge by core electrons in atoms is __________.

A)less efficient than that by valence electrons
B)more efficient than that by valence electrons
C)essentially identical to that by valence electrons
D)responsible for a general decrease in atomic radius going down a group
E)both essentially identical to that by valence electrons and responsible for a general decrease in atomic radius going down a group

Question 11

Which isoelectronic series is correctly arranged in order of increasing radius?

A)K⁺ < Ca²⁺ < Ar < Cl^-
B)Cl^- < Ar < K⁺ < Ca²⁺
C)Ca²⁺ < Ar < K⁺ < Cl^-
D)Ca²⁺ < K⁺ < Ar < Cl^-
E)Ca²⁺ < K⁺ < Cl^- < Ar

Question 12

Which one of the following atoms has the largest radius?

A)O
B)F
C)S
D)Cl
E)Ne

Question 13

Which of the following is an isoelectronic series?

A)B^5-, Si^4-, As^3-, Te^2-
B)F^-, Cl^-, Br^-, I^-
C)S, Cl, Ar, K
D)Si^2-, P^2-, S^2-, Cl^2-
E)O^2-, F^-, Ne, Na⁺

Question 14

In which set of elements would all members be expected to have very similar chemical properties?

A)P, Se, I
B)Cl, Br, Na
C)Si, As, Te
D)Ne, Na, Mg
E)Br, I, At

Question 15

Of the compounds below, __________ has the smallest ionic separation.

A)KF
B)K₂S
C)RbCl
D)SrBr₂
E)RbF

Question 16

Atomic radius generally decreases as we move __________.

A)down a group and from right to left across a period
B)up a group and from left to right across a period
C)down a group and from left to right across a period
D)up a group and from right to left across a period
E)down a group; the period position has no effect

Question 17

Which equation correctly represents the first ionization of aluminum?

A)Al^- (g)→ Al (g)+ e^-
B)Al (g)→ Al^- (g)+ e^-
C)Al (g)+ e^- → Al^- (g)
D)Al (g)→ Al⁺ (g)+ e^-
E)Al⁺ (g)+ e^- → Al (g)

Question 18

Of the following, which gives the correct order for atomic radius for Mg, Na, P, Si and Ar?

A)Mg > Na > P > Si > Ar
B)Ar > Si > P > Na > Mg
C)Si > P > Ar > Na > Mg
D)Na > Mg > Si > P > Ar
E)Ar > P > Si > Mg > Na

Question 19

In which set of elements would all members be expected to have very similar chemical properties?

A)O, S, Se
B)N, O, F
C)Na, Mg, K
D)S, Se, Si
E)Ne, Na, Mg

Question 20

Atomic radius generally increases as we move __________.

A)down a group and from right to left across a period
B)up a group and from left to right across a period
C)down a group and from left to right across a period
D)up a group and from right to left across a period
E)down a group; the period position has no effect

Question 21

Which of the following correctly represents the second ionization of calcium?

A)Ca (g)→ Ca⁺ (g)+ e^-
B)Ca⁺ (g)→ Ca²⁺ (g)+ e^-
C)Ca- (g)+ e^- → Ca^2- (g)
D)Ca⁺ (g)+ e^- → Ca²⁺ (g)
E)Ca⁺ (g)+ e^- → Ca (g)

Question 22

Which equation correctly represents the first ionization of copper?

A)Cu (g)→ Cu⁺ (g)+ e^-
B)Cu (g)→ Cu^- (g)+ e^-
C)Cu (g)+ e^- → Cu^- (g)
D)Cu^- (g)→ Cu (g)+ e^-
E)Cu⁺ (g)+ e^- → Cu (g)

Question 23

Of the following elements, __________ has the most negative electron affinity.

A)P
B)Al
C)Si
D)Cl
E)B

Question 24

The electron configuration that belongs to the atom with the lowest second ionization energy is __________.

A)(i)
B)(ii)
C)(iii)
D)(iv)
E)(v)

Question 25

The electron configuration of the atom with the most negative electron affinity is __________.

A)(i)
B)(ii)
C)(iii)
D)(iv)
E)(v)

Question 26

The ion with the smallest diameter is __________.

A)Br^-
B)Cl^-
C)I^-
D)F^-
E)O^2-

Question 27

Which of the following correctly represents the third ionization of aluminum?

A)Al⁺² (g)+ e^- → Al⁺¹ (g)
B)Al (g)→ Al⁺ (g)+ e^-
C)Al^-2 (g)+ e^- → Al^3- (g)
D)Al⁺² (g)+ e^- → Al³⁺ (g)
E)Al⁺² (g)→ Al³⁺ (g)+ e^-

Question 28

The electron configuration of the atom that is expected to have a positive electron affinity is __________.

A)(i)
B)(ii)
C)(iii)
D)(iv)
E)(v)

Question 29

Of the following elements, __________ has the most negative electron affinity.

A)Na
B)Li
C)Be
D)N
E)F

Question 30

Which ion below has the largest radius?

A)Cl^-
B)K⁺
C)Br^-
D)F^-
E)Na⁺

Question 31

Of the following species, __________ has the largest radius.

A)Rb⁺
B)Sr²⁺
C)Br^-
D)Kr
E)Ar

Question 32

Of the following elements, __________ has the most negative electron affinity.

A)O
B)K
C)B
D)Na
E)S

Question 33

Which equation correctly represents the first ionization of phosphorus?

A)P (g)+ e^- → P^- (g)
B)P (g)→ P^- (g)+ e^-
C)P (g)→ P⁺ (g)+ e^-
D)P^- (g)→ P (g)+ e^-
E)P⁺ (g)+ e^- → P (g)

Question 34

Which equation correctly represents the first ionization of calcium?

A)Ca (g)→ Ca⁺ (g)+ e^-
B)Ca (g)→ Ca^- (g)+ e^-
C)Ca (g)+ e^- → Ca^- (g)
D)Ca^- (g)→ Ca (g)+ e^-
E)Ca⁺ (g)+ e^- → Ca (g)

Question 35

Of the following elements, __________ has the most negative electron affinity.

A)S
B)Cl
C)Se
D)Br
E)I

Question 36

Which of the following correctly represents the second ionization of copper?

A)Cu (g)→ Cu⁺ (g)+ e^-
B)Cu⁺ (g)→ Cu²⁺ (g)+ e^-
C)Cu^- (g)+ e^- → Cu^2- (g)
D)Cu⁺ (g)+ e^- → Cu²⁺ (g)
E)Cu⁺ (g)+ e^- → Cu (g)

Question 37

The ion with the largest diameter is __________.

A)Br^-
B)Cl^-
C)I^-
D)F^-
E)O^2-

Question 38

The electron configuration belonging to the atom with the highest second ionization energy is __________.

A)(i)
B)(ii)
C)(iii)
D)(iv)
E)(v)

Question 39

Which of the following correctly represents the second ionization of phosphorus?

A)P⁺ (g)+ e^- → P²⁺ (g)
B)P (g)→ P⁺ (g)+ e^-
C)P^- (g)+ e^- → P^2- (g)
D)P⁺ (g)→ P²⁺ (g)+ e^-
E)P⁺ (g)+ e^- → P (g)

Question 40

Chlorine is much more apt to exist as an anion than is sodium. This is because __________.

A)chlorine is bigger than sodium
B)chlorine has a greater ionization energy than sodium does
C)chlorine has a greater electron affinity than sodium does
D)chlorine is a gas and sodium is a solid
E)chlorine is more metallic than sodium

Question 41

Of the following metals, __________ exhibits multiple oxidation states.

A)Al
B)Rb
C)Mg
D)Ni
E)Cs

Question 42

Of the elements below, __________ is the least metallic.

A)Na
B)Mg
C)Al
D)K
E)Ar

Question 43

Sodium is much more apt to exist as a cation than is chlorine. This is because __________.

A)chlorine is a gas and sodium is a solid
B)chlorine has a greater electron affinity than sodium does
C)chlorine is bigger than sodium
D)chlorine has a greater ionization energy than sodium does
E)chlorine is more metallic than sodium

Question 44

Which one of the following compounds would produce an acidic solution when dissolved in water?

A)Na₂O
B)CaO
C)MgO
D)CO₂
E)SrO

Question 45

The list that correctly indicates the order of metallic character is __________.

A)Sr > Ca > Mg
B)F > Cl > Br
C)C > Ge > Si
D)Li > Na > K
E)O > Se > S

Question 46

Transition metals within a period differ mainly in the number of ________ electrons.

A)s
B)p
C)d
D)f
E)all of the above

Question 47

Of the elements below, __________ is the most metallic.

A)Na
B)Mg
C)Al
D)K
E)Ar

Question 48

Which equation correctly represents the electron affinity of calcium?

A)Ca (g)+ e^- → Ca^- (g)
B)Ca (g)→ Ca⁺ (g)+ e^-
C)Ca (g)→ Ca^- (g)+ e^-
D)Ca^- (g)→ Ca (g)+ e^-
E)Ca⁺ (g)+ e^- → Ca (g)

Question 49

Of the following metals, __________ exhibits multiple oxidation states.

A)Al
B)Cs
C)V
D)Ca
E)Na

Question 50

Which one of the following is a metal?

A)Ge
B)S
C)Br
D)Pb
E)C

Question 51

Of the elements below, __________ has the highest melting point.

A)Ca
B)K
C)Fe
D)Na
E)Ba

Question 52

Which of the following correctly represents the electron affinity of phosphorus?

A)P (g)→ P⁺ (g)+ e^-
B)P (g)+ e^- → P (g)
C)P₄ (g)+ e^- → P (g)
D)P₄ (g)+ 4 e^- → 4 P^- (g)
E)P⁺ (g)+ e^- → P (g)

Question 53

Which one of the following is a metalloid?

A)Ge
B)S
C)Br
D)Pb
E)C

Question 54

The list that correctly indicates the order of metallic character is __________.

A)B > N > C
B)F > Cl > S
C)Si > P > S
D)P > S > Se
E)Na > K > Rb

Question 55

The element in the periodic table that looks like a metal, is a poor thermal conductor, and acts as an electrical semiconductor is __________.

A)Sn
B)B
C)As
D)Si
E)Ge

Question 56

Of the elements below, __________ is the most metallic.

A)sodium
B)barium
C)magnesium
D)calcium
E)cesium

Question 57

The acidity of carbonated water is due to the __________.

A)presence of sulfur
B)reaction of CO₂ and H₂O
C)addition of acid
D)nonmetal oxides
E)none of the above

Question 58

In the generation of most anions, the energy change (kJ/mol)that _______ an electron is ________.

A)removes, positive
B)adds, positive
C)removes, negative
D)adds, negative
E)None of the above is correct.

Question 59

Of the following oxides, __________ is the most acidic.

A)CaO
B)CO₂
C)Al₂O₃
D)Li₂O
E)Na₂O

Question 60

Which of the following correctly represents the electron affinity of bromine?

A)Br (g)→ Br⁺ (g)+ e^-
B)Br (g)+ e^- → Br^- (g)
C)Br₂ (g)+ e^- → Br^- (g)
D)Br₂ (g)+ 2 e^- → 2 Br^- (g)
E)Br⁺ (g)+ e^- → Br (g)

Question 61

All of the following are ionic compounds except __________.

A)K₂O
B)Na₂SO₄
C)SiO₂
D)Li₃N
E)NaCl

Question 62

Nonmetals can be __________ at room temperature.

A)solid, liquid, or gas
B)solid or liquid
C)solid only
D)liquid only
E)liquid or gas

Question 63

Element M reacts with oxygen to form an oxide with the formula MO. When MO is dissolved in water, the resulting solution is basic. Element M could be __________.

A)Na
B)Ba
C)S
D)N
E)C

Question 64

The oxide of which element below can react with hydrochloric acid?

A)sulfur
B)selenium
C)nitrogen
D)sodium
E)carbon

Question 65

Alkaline earth metals __________.

A)have the smallest atomic radius in a given period
B)form monoanions
C)form basic oxides
D)exist as triatomic molecules
E)form halides with the formula MX

Question 66

The alkali metal that is used to treat manic-depressive illness is __________.

A)Na
B)K
C)Li
D)Rb
E)Cs

Question 67

Which one of the following beverages originally contained lithium salts?

A)Coca-Cola®
B)Pepsi-Cola®
C)Gatorade®
D)Kool-Aid®
E)Seven-Up®

Question 68

Alkali metals tend to be more reactive than alkaline earth metals because __________.

A)alkali metals have lower densities
B)alkali metals have lower melting points
C)alkali metals have greater electron affinities
D)alkali metals have lower ionization energies
E)alkali metals are not more reactive than alkaline earth metals

Question 69

The alkali metal that is naturally radioactive is __________.

A)rubidium
B)cesium
C)lithium
D)francium
E)sodium

Question 70

Consider the following properties of an element: (i)It is solid at room temperature.
(ii)It easily forms an oxide when exposed to air.
(iii)When it reacts with water, hydrogen gas evolves.
(iv)It must be stored submerged in oil.
Which element fits the above description the best?

A)sulfur
B)copper
C)mercury
D)sodium
E)magnesium

Question 71

Which one of the following is not true about the alkali metals?

A)They are low density solids at room temperature.
B)They all readily form ions with a +1 charge.
C)They all have 2 electrons in their valence shells.
D)They are very reactive elements.
E)They have the lowest first ionization energies of the elements.

Question 72

Between which two elements is the difference in metallic character the greatest?

A)Rb and O
B)O and I
C)Rb and I
D)Li and O
E)Li and Rb

Question 73

When two elements combine to form a compound, the greater the difference in metallic character between the two elements, the greater the likelihood that the compound will be __________.

A)a gas at room temperature
B)a solid at room temperature
C)metallic
D)nonmetallic
E)a liquid at room temperature

Question 74

Which one of the following compounds produces a basic solution when dissolved in water?

A)SO₂
B)Na₂O
C)CO₂
D)OF₂
E)O₂

Question 75

Which of the following traits characterizes the alkali metals?

A)very high melting point
B)existence as diatomic molecules
C)formation of dianions
D)the lowest first ionization energies in a period
E)the smallest atomic radius in a period

Question 76

This element is more reactive than lithium and magnesium but less reactive than potassium. This element is __________.

A)Na
B)Rb
C)Ca
D)Be
E)Fr

Question 77

The reaction of alkali metals with oxygen produce __________.

A)oxides
B)peroxides
C)superoxides
D)all of the above
E)none of the above

Question 78

Which of the following is not a characteristic of metals?

A)acidic oxides
B)low ionization energies
C)malleability
D)ductility
E)These are all characteristics of metals.

Question 79

Which of the following generalizations cannot be made with regard to reactions of alkali metals? (The symbol M represents any one of the alkali metals.)

A)M (s)+ O₂ (g)→ M O₂ (s)
B)2M (s)+ 2 H₂O (l)→ 2MOH (aq)+ H₂ (g)
C)2M (s)+ H₂ (g)→ 2MH (s)
D)2M (s)+ Cl₂ (g)→ 2MCl (s)
E)2M (s)+ S (s)→ M₂S (s)

Question 80

Consider the general valence electron configuration of ns²np⁵ and the following statements: (i)Elements with this electron configuration are expected to form -1 anions.
(ii)Elements with this electron configuration are expected to have large
Positive electron affinities.
(iii)Elements with this electron configuration are nonmetals.
(iv)Elements with this electron configuration form acidic oxides.
Which statements are true?

A)(i)and (ii)
B)(i), (ii), and (iii)
C)(ii)and (iii)
D)(i), (iii,)and (iv)
E)All statements are true.