Deck 24: The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry

Question 1

If each of the following represents an alkane, and a carbon atom is located at each vertex with the proper number of hydrogen atoms also bonded to it, which one is the most reactive?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)They are all equally reactive since they are all alkanes.

Answer 1

Question 2

How many isomers are possible for C₅H₁₂?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
E)10

Answer 2

3

Question 3

When petroleum is distilled to separate the components by boiling point, the component with the highest boiling point is called __________.

A)gas
B)gasoline
C)kerosene
D)paraffin
E)asphalt

Answer 3

asphalt

Question 4

Alcohols are hydrocarbon derivatives in which one or more hydrogens have been replaced by a hydroxyl functional group. __________ is the general formula of an alcohol.

A)R-O-R
B)R-CO-R
C)R-CO-OH
D)R-OH
E)R-CO-H

Question 5

Pentane has __________ structural isomers.

A)0
B)1
C)2
D)3
E)4

Question 6

Which of the following is not currently used as an additive agent in gasoline?

A)toluene
B)ethanol
C)MTBE
D)tetraethyl lead

Question 7

The structure of 2,3-dimethylheptane is __________.

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 8

What type of compound has been used to replace tetraethyl lead ((C₂ H₅)₄Pb)as an antiknock agent in gasoline?

A)aromatic compounds
B)olefins
C)fluorochlorocarbons
D)paraffins
E)oxygenated hydrocarbons

Question 9

Asphalt, isolated from petroleum, has a minimum of __________ carbon atoms.

A)5
B)12
C)16
D)20
E)36

Question 10

The oxidation of ethanol produces __________.

A)acetic acid
B)formic acid
C)citric acid
D)lactic acid
E)oxalic acid

Question 11

How many structural isomers (include all types except optical)can be drawn for C₅H₁₀?

A)5
B)6
C)7
D)10
E)12

Question 12

Which statement about addition reactions between alkenes and HBr is false?

A)The addition occurs at the double bond.
B)Bromine attacks the alkene carbon atom possessing a partial positive charge.
C)A hydrogen atom attaches to the alkene carbon atom possessing a partial negative charge.
D)The π bond breaks in the course of the reaction.
E)The proposed mechanism involves radicals.

Question 13

Which statement about hydrocarbons is false?

A)The smallest alkane to have structural (constitutional)isomers has 4 carbon atoms.
B)Cyclic alkanes are structural isomers of alkenes.
C)Alkanes are more reactive than alkenes.
D)Alkanes can be produced by hydrogenating alkenes.
E)Alkenes can be polymerized.

Question 14

Which one of the following is not an alcohol?

A)acetone
B)glycerol
C)ethanol
D)cholesterol
E)ethylene glycol

Question 15

The following reaction would produce a(n)__________. R-OH + R'COOH →

A)ketone
B)ether
C)aldehyde
D)alcohol
E)ester

Question 16

How many isomers of C₂H₂Cl₂ are polar?

A)none
B)1
C)2
D)3
E)It is impossible to tell without more information.

Question 17

Which one of the following could be a cyclic alkane?

A)C₅H₅
B)C₃H₆
C)C₄H₆
D)C₂H₆
E)C₉H₂₀

Question 18

Benzene behaves differently from a hydrocarbon which simply contains three C-C bonds in that the latter would be expected to react much more readily with __________.

A)H₂
B)Cl₂
C)Br₂
D)HCl
E)all of the above

Question 19

How many isomers are possible for C₄H₁₀?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
E)10

Question 20

Which substance would be the most soluble in gasoline?

A)water
B)NaNO₃
C)HCl
D)hexane
E)NaCl

Question 21

Of the compounds below, __________ is an isomer of

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 22

The tertiary structure of proteins is maintained by __________ bonds.

A)hydrogen
B)dipole-dipole
C)ion-dipole
D)covalent
E)all of the above

Question 23

Proteins are biopolymers formed via multiple condensation coupling of which two functional groups?

A)ester and amine
B)amine and carboxylic acid
C)alcohol and carboxylic acid
D)alcohol and amine
E)ester and carboxylic acid

Question 24

Which structure below represents an ether?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 25

Which one of the following compounds is an isomer of CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂OH?

A)CH₃CH₂CH₂OH
B)
C)
D)
E)CH₃OH

Question 26

Which structure below represents an aldehyde?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 27

Sugars are examples of what type of molecule?

A)proteins
B)carbohydrates
C)nucleic acids
D)amino acids
E)salts

Question 28

Which of the following compounds does not contain a C-O bond?

A)ketones
B)aldehydes
C)esters
D)amides
E)ethers

Question 29

Which structure below represents a ketone?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 30

Which of the following contains a peptide linkage?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)none of the above

Question 31

Which of the following compounds do not contain an sp³ hybridized oxygen atom?

A)ketones
B)alcohols
C)ethers
D)esters
E)water

Question 32

Which structure below represents an amine?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 33

Which amino acid is not chiral?

A)leucine
B)isoleucine
C)glycine
D)alanine
E)threonine

Question 34

How many chiral centers are there in CH₃CHClCH₂CH₂CHBrCH₃?

A)0
B)1
C)2
D)3
E)4

Question 35

Which structure below is not correctly drawn?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 36

__________ is a disaccharide.

A)Glucose
B)Galactose
C)Sucrose
D)Ribose
E)Fructose

Question 37

How many chiral carbon atoms does the neopentane (2, 2 - dimethylpropane)have?

A)0
B)1
C)2
D)3
E)4

Question 38

Which one of the following molecules is chiral?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 39

How many chiral centers are there in CH₃CHCHCH₂CHBr₂?

A)0
B)1
C)2
D)3
E)4

Question 40

What is the general formula for a ketone?

A)R-O-R
B)R-CO-R'
C)R-CO-OH
D)R-OH
E)R-CHO

Question 41

The principal difference between fructose and glucose is that __________.

A)fructose is a disaccharide and glucose is a monosaccharide
B)fructose is a monosaccharide and glucose is a disaccharide
C)fructose is chiral and glucose is not
D)glucose is chiral and fructose is not
E)fructose is a ketone sugar and glucose is an aldehyde sugar

Question 42

Cyclohexane has __________ fewer hydrogens than n-hexane.

A)0
B)1
C)2
D)3
E)4

Question 43

The melting and boiling points of hydrocarbons are determined by __________.

A)ion-dipole attraction
B)dipole-dipole attraction
C)London forces
D)hydrogen bonding
E)ionic bonding

Question 44

Hydrocarbons containing carbon-carbon triple bonds are called __________.

A)alkanes
B)aromatic hydrocarbons
C)alkynes
D)alkenes
E)olefins

Question 45

Alkenes always contain a __________.

A)C-C bond
B)C≡C bond
C)C-c bond
D)C-H bond
E)C≡H bond

Question 46

The general formula of an alkane is __________.

A)C_2nH_2n+2
B)C_nH_2n
C)C_nH_2n+2
D)C_nH_2n-2
E)C_nH_n

Question 47

Consider the following types of compounds: (i)amino acid
(ii)nitrogen-containing organic base
(iii)phosphoric acid
(iv)five-carbon sugar
From which of the above compounds are the monomers of nucleic acids, called nucleotides, formed?

A)none
B)(i)and (ii)
C)(ii)and (iv)
D)(ii), (iii), and (iv)
E)all

Question 48

Hydrocarbons containing only single bonds between the carbon atoms are called __________.

A)alkenes
B)alkynes
C)aromatics
D)alkanes
E)ketones

Question 49

Alkynes always contain a __________.

A)C-C bond
B)C≡C bond
C)C-c bond
D)C-H bond
E)C≡H bond

Question 50

How many structural isomers of heptane exist?

A)2
B)4
C)6
D)8
E)9

Question 51

Which one of the following is a monosaccharide?

A)fructose
B)lactose
C)sucrose
D)maltose
E)none of the above

Question 52

The double helix of DNA is stabilized mainly by __________.

A)ionic bonds
B)covalent bonds
C)ion-dipole bonds
D)ester bonds
E)hydrogen bonds

Question 53

The simplest alkyne is __________.

A)ethylene
B)ethane
C)acetylene
D)propyne
E)benzene

Question 54

__________ is a monosaccharide.

A)Sucrose
B)Maltose
C)Glucose
D)Lactose

Question 55

The basic building block of nucleic acids is the __________.

A)nucleoside
B)nucleotide
C)ester linkage
D)nitrogen base
E)phosphoric acid

Question 56

What general class of compounds is also known as olefins?

A)alkenes
B)alkynes
C)aromatics
D)alkanes
E)ketones

Question 57

Alkanes with __________ to __________ carbons are found in straight-run gasoline.

A)2, 3
B)5, 12
C)1, 5
D)9, 15
E)20, 60

Question 58

The molecular geometry of each carbon atom in an alkane is __________.

A)octahedral
B)square planar
C)trigonal planar
D)tetrahedral
E)trigonal pyramidal

Question 59

Hybridization of the carbon atom indicated by (*)in CH₃-^* CH₂- CH₃, ^*CH₂-CH₂, and CH₃-^*C≡CH is __________, __________, and __________, respectively.

A)sp³, sp², sp
B)sp³, sp, sp²
C)sp, sp², sp³
D)sp, sp³, sp²
E)sp², sp³, sp

Question 60

The minimum number of carbons necessary for a hydrocarbon to form a branched structure is __________.

A)4
B)6
C)3
D)9
E)12

Question 61

The compound below is an __________. H-C=CH-CH₃

A)alkyne
B)alkene
C)alkane
D)aromatic compound
E)olefin

Question 62

In general, __________ are the most reactive hydrocarbons.

A)alkenes
B)alkynes
C)alkanes
D)cycloalkanes
E)olefins

Question 63

How many hydroxyl groups are in a glycerol molecule?

A)0
B)1
C)2
D)3
E)4

Question 64

Aromatic hydrocarbons __________.

A)readily undergo addition reactions like alkenes
B)contain a series of π bonds on several consecutive carbon atoms
C)undergo substitution reactions more easily than saturated hydrocarbons
D)have sp³ hybridized carbon atoms

Question 65

Alkenes have the general formula __________.

A)C_nH_2n.
B)C_nH_2n-2.
C)C_nH_2n+2
D)C_nH_n.
E)C_2nH_n.

Question 66

Isooctane is assigned an octane number of 100, whereas __________ is assigned an octane number of 0.

A)methane
B)propane
C)benzene
D)heptane
E)nitrous oxide

Question 67

The general formula of a carboxylic acid is __________.

A)R-O-R'
B)R-CO-R'
C)R-CO-OH
D)R-H
E)R-CO-OR'

Question 68

The compound below is a(n)__________.

A)carboxylic acid
B)ketone
C)aldehyde
D)ester
E)amine

Question 69

The hybridization of the central carbon atom in an aldehyde is __________.

A)sp
B)sp³
C)sp²
D)d²sp³
E)sp⁴

Question 70

The octane number of straight-run gasoline is about __________.

A)0
B)25
C)50
D)75
E)93

Question 71

CH₃CH₂C(-O)NH₂ is called a(n)__________.

A)amine
B)amide
C)ketone
D)aldehyde
E)ester

Question 72

The general formula for an ether is __________.

A)R-O-R'
B)R-CO-R'
C)R-CO-OH
D)R-OH
E)R-CO-H

Question 73

The addition of HBr to 2-butene produces __________.

A)1-bromobutane
B)2-bromobutane
C)1,2-dibromobutane
D)2,3-dibromobutane
E)no reaction

Question 74

The name of CH₃-CH-C-CH-CH-CH-CH- CH₃ is __________.

A)2, 3, 5 - octatriene
B)2, 5, 6 - octatriene
C)2, 3, 6 - octatriene
D)3, 5, 6 - octatriene
E)3, 4, 7 - octatriene

Question 75

__________ could be the formula of an alkene.

A)C₃H₈
B)C₃H₆
C)C₆H₆
D)C₁₇H₃₆
E)CH₈

Question 76

What is the name of the compound below?

A)2,4-methylbutene
B)2,5-dimethylpentane
C)2,4-ethylbutene
D)2,4-dimethyl-1-pentene
E)2,4-dimethyl-4-pentene

Question 77

The general formula of an ester is __________.

A)R-O-R'
B)R-CO-R'
C)R-CO-OH
D)R-OH
E)R-CO-OR'

Question 78

Gasoline and water do not mix because gasoline is __________.

A)less dense than water
B)less viscous than water
C)nonpolar and water is polar
D)volatile and water is not
E)polar and water is nonpolar

Question 79

Ethers can be made by condensation of two __________ molecules by splitting out a molecule of water.

A)alkyne
B)alcohol
C)ketone
D)aldehyde
E)olefin

Question 80

The general formula of an aldehyde is __________.

A)R-O-R'
B)R-CO-R'
C)R-CO-OH
D)R-CHO
E)R-CO-OR'