Deck 5: Water and Seawater

Question 1

The phase in which water exists water is determined by:

A)density and pressure.
B)density and salinity.
C)pressure and salinity.
D)temperature and pressure.
E)temperature and salinity.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Water can pile up higher than the edge of a container due to its low surface tension.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Covalent bonds form between hydrogen and oxygen atoms in a water molecule as a result of the:

A)polarity of water molecules.
B)sharing of electrons between atoms.
C)surface tension of water.
D)transfer of electrons between atoms.
E)viscosity of water.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Hydrogen bonds form between neighboring water molecules because of:

A)electron sharing.
B)electron transfer.
C)polarity of water molecules.
D)surface tension.
E)viscosity of water.

Question 5

The alkalinity of a solution is an estimate of its acid buffering capacity.

Question 6

Evaporation causes cooling in the residual liquid.

Question 7

Salinity refers to all of the solid materials in seawater including dissolved and suspended substances.

Question 8

The latent heat of vaporization of water is larger than the latent heat of melting.

Question 9

The density of seawater is affected by salinity and temperature.

Question 10

As a whole,the ph of the ocean is slightly alkaline.

Question 11

Water molecules exhibit strong cohesion.

Question 12

Halite,sodium chloride,is the most abundant salt in seawater.

Question 13

pH will tend to rise in areas of the ocean with high primary productivity.

Question 14

Heat capacity of liquid water is 1 calorie per gram per degree C.

Question 15

Water is a polar molecule.

Question 16

Latent heat of vaporization is the same as latent heat of sublimation.

Question 17

The surface tension of water is

A)increases as density decreases.
B)related to salinity.
C)relatively high.
D)relatively low.
E)very similar to similar liquids.

Question 18

Any solution with a pH of greater than 7.0 is acidic.

Question 19

Which of the following statements regarding pH is not true?

A)A pH of 3.0 is acidic and a pH of 10.0 is alkaline.
B)As a whole,the pH of the ocean is slightly acidic.
C)Buffers prevent large changes in the pH of a solution.
D)pH will increase in areas of rapid plant or algal growth.
E)pH relates to relative acid-base ion balance in a solution.

Question 20

The Principle of Constant Proportions states that:

A)ocean salinity varies as a function of season.
B)ocean salinity varies with geographical location.
C)the percentage of chloride varies with geographical location.
D)the percentage of sodium varies with ocean depth.
E)the relative concentration of seawater ions does not change.

Question 21

When water evaporates from the ocean surface:

A)energy is transferred from the atmosphere to the remaining liquid.
B)sea surface temperature increases.
C)sea surface salinity decreases.
D)the remaining water is cooled.
E)the remaining water is warmed.

Question 22

The average salinity of sea water is:

A)0.35%.
B)2.0%.
C)3.5%.
D)10%.
E)25%.

Question 23

Latent heat is used to:

A)break chemical bonds.
B)change molecular structure.
C)change states of matter.
D)change the temperature of a substance.
E)form chemical bonds.

Question 24

The ion in sea water that is serves as a buffer is:

A)Ca^+2.
B)Cl^-.
C)CO₂.
D)HCO₃^-.
E)Na^+.

Question 25

Many of the unique properties of water are attributed to the fact that water:

A)contains hydrogen bonds.
B)exists in three phases at the earth's surface.
C)is a polar molecule.
D)is a universal solvent.
E)requires heat to condense.

Question 26

The amount of energy that is necessary to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree C is called the:

A)boiling point elevation.
B)calorie.
C)latent heat of condensation.
D)latent heat of evaporation.
E)thermal capacity.

Question 27

Water can pile up short distance above a container's rim due to:

A)high capillary action.
B)high surface tension.
C)high viscosity.
D)low surface tension.
E)low viscosity.

Question 28

In comparison to most other liquids,the heat capacity of water is:

A)a function of salinity.
B)about the same as other liquids.
C)higher than other liquids.
D)lower than other liquids.
E)related to solvent concentration.

Question 29

Which property of water causes coastal communities to have only moderate differences in daily highs and lows when compared to inland communities?

A)high heat capacity
B)high salinity
C)high viscosity
D)low heat capacity
E)low viscosity

Question 30

The transfer of water from the atmosphere to the oceans to the continents is known as the:

A)closed cycle.
B)geologic cycle.
C)hydrobiological cycle.
D)hydrologic cycle.
E)meteorological cycle.

Question 31

Some insects can glide across the surface of water due to water's:

A)capillarity.
B)hydrogen bonds.
C)polarity.
D)surface tension.
E)viscosity.

Question 32

A beaker contains a mixture of ice and pure water at 0^oC.What happens to the temperature of the mixture as heat is added?

A)It immediately begins to rise slowly.
B)It remains constant until the ice melts then it begins to rise.
C)It rises rapidly as the ice melts.
D)It rises slowly until it reaches 32^oC then it remains constant as the ice melts.
E)The temperature pattern cannot be predicted.

Question 33

A rapid change in ocean temperature with change in depth is the:

A)barocline.
B)halocline.
C)isocline.
D)pycnocline.
E)thermocline.

Question 34

A rapid change in ocean density with change in depth is the:

A)barocline.
B)halocline.
C)isocline.
D)pycnocline.
E)thermocline.

Question 35

As the salinity of seawater increases,its:

A)density decreases.
B)heat capacity decreases.
C)residence time increases
D)residence time decreases
E)residence time does not change.