Deck 4: Marine Sediments

Question 1

Texture refers to the size and shape of sediment particles.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

A well-sorted sand deposit with rounded particles might be called immature.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Which of the following contains calcium carbonate (CaCO₃)?

A)diatoms
B)foraminiferans
C)glauconite
D)phosphorites
E)radiolarians

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Organisms that live on the ocean floor may be responsible for keeping manganese nodules from being buried in the sediment.

Question 5

Sediments derived from weathered rock and volcanic activity are called biogenous sediments.

Question 6

Sediments which are poorly sorted and made of a variety of minerals could have been deposited by:

A)a glacier.
B)a river delta.
C)turbidity currents.
D)a volcanic eruption.
E)the wind.

Question 7

A glacial deposit is well-sorted.

Question 8

Which of the following contains silica (SiO₂)?

A)coccolithophores
B)corals
C)foraminiferans
D)phosphorites
E)radiolarians

Question 9

The deposition of radiolarian oozes is affected by the carbonate compensation depth.

Question 10

The Wentworth scale is used to arrange the amount of sorting in a sediment deposit.

Question 11

High energy environments are most likely to contain which one of the following?

A)clay-sized particles
B)cosmogenous sediments
C)large particles such as gravel
D)manganese nodules
E)silt-sized particles

Question 12

Which of the following is not an important control on oceanic sediment accumulation?

A)degree of preservation
B)dilution
C)input from other sediment types
D)rate of deposition
E)All of the above factors are important.

Question 13

The major force bringing continental sediments to the open ocean is (are):

A)glaciers.
B)neritic currents.
C)rivers.
D)turbidity currents.
E)wind.

Question 14

Calcareous shells will not accumulate on the ocean floor when the water depth exceeds about 4500 meters (around 15,000 feet).

Question 15

Beach sand is usually well-sorted.

Question 16

The organisms in this photograph would most likely produce oceanic sediments that are:

A)calcareous.
B)cosmogenous.
C)lithogenous.
D)neritic.
E)siliceous.

Question 17

Radiolarian oozes form near the equator.

Question 18

Phosphate nodules are found on the continental shelf.

Question 19

Refer to the figure below illustrating the world-wide distribution of marine sediments.Different areas of ocean sediments are indicated by different numbers.Use these numbers to answer the questions below.

The sediments that are produced in areas of high primary productivity are indicated by the number(s):

A)1.
B)2.
C)3.
D)2 & 3.
E)3 & 4.

Question 20

Sediments produced as a result of chemical reactions in seawater are called:

A)cosmogenous.
B)biogenous.
C)hydrogenous.
D)lithogenous.
E)volcagenic.

Question 21

Sediments found on continental margins are called:

A)continental.
B)estuarine.
C)neritic.
D)oceanic.
E)pelagic.

Question 22

In general,polar neritic sediment has more:

A)clay than in temperate waters.
B)coral debris than in tropical waters.
C)rock and gravel than in tropical waters.
D)shell fragments than in temperate waters.
E)silt and sand than in tropical waters.

Question 23

In contrast to manganese nodules which form on the abyssal plain,phosphate-rich nodules form in:

A)continental shelf waters..
B)estuaries.
C)hydrothermal vent areas.
D)intermediate to shallow depth water.
E)mid-ocean ridges.

Question 24

The most likely place to find abundant manganese nodules is on the:

A)abyssal plain far from a continent.
B)continental rise.
C)continental shelf.
D)crest of a mid-ocean ridge.
E)All of the above locations are contain manganese nodules.

Question 25

Sediments derived form preexisting rocks are called:

A)cosmogenous.
B)biogenous.
C)hydrogenous.
D)lithogenous.
E)volcagenic.

Question 26

Calcium carbonate is most likely to dissolve in water with which characteristics?

A)low carbon dioxide and warm temperatures
B)lots of carbon dioxide and cold temperatures
C)lots of carbon dioxide and warm temperatures
D)low pressure and warm temperatures
E)low pressure and cold temperatures

Question 27

Sediments produced by plants and animals in the sea called:

A)cosmogenous.
B)biogenous.
C)hydrogenous.
D)terriginous.
E)volcagenic.

Question 28

Refer to the figure below illustrating the world-wide distribution of marine sediments.Different areas of ocean sediments are indicated by different numbers.Use these numbers to answer the questions below.

Biogenous sediments are indicated by the number(s):

A)1.
B)2 & 3.
C)2 & 4.
D)2,3,& 4.
E)2,3,4,& 5.

Question 29

A pelagic clay contains lots of material that settle to the seafloor through the water column and are:

A)less than 30% biogenous material.
B)more than 30% biogenous material.
C)more than 30% hydrogenous material.
D)less than 30% neritic material.
E)more than 30% neritic material.

Question 30

The element found in some sediments which suggest that a meteorite or asteroid impact occurred nearby is:

A)iridium.
B)manganese.
C)strontium.
D)uranium.
E)yttrium.

Question 31

All of the following are hydrogenous sediments except:

A)evaporites.
B)halites.
C)manganese nodule.
D)phosphates.
E)stromatolites.

Question 32

All of the following are lithogenous sediments except:

A)beach sand.
B)diatom ooze.
C)glacial deposits.
D)illite clays.
E)volcanogenic particles.

Question 33

Manganese nodules are an example of a:

A)biogenous sediments.
B)cosmogenous sediments.
C)hydrogenous sediments.
D)terrigenous sediments.
E)volcagenic sediments.

Question 34

Sediments with an extraterrestrial origin are called:

A)cosmogenous.
B)biogenous.
C)hydrogenous.
D)lithogenous.
E)volcagenic.

Question 35

Refer to the figure below illustrating the world-wide distribution of marine sediments.Different areas of ocean sediments are indicated by different numbers.Use these numbers to answer the questions below.

Sediments that are derived primarily from the weathering on continental material are indicated by the number(s):

A)1.
B)2.
C)2 & 3.
D)3 &4.
E)1 & 5.

Question 36

Refer to the figure below illustrating the world-wide distribution of marine sediments.Different areas of ocean sediments are indicated by different numbers.Use these numbers to answer the questions below.

Calcareous oozes are represented by the number(s);

A)1.
B)2 .
C)4.
D)2 & 3.
E)3 & 4.

Question 37

A very important way to increase the settling rate of fine particles in the open ocean is via:

A)carbonate dissolution.
B)deposit feeders.
C)fecal pellets.
D)precipitation.
E)wind.