Deck 14: Animals of the Pelagic Environment

Question 1

Which of the following is a member of the Phylum Cnidaria?

A)copepod
B)jellyfish
C)nautilus
D)salp
E)sea gooseberry

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Many cetaceans can extract 90% of the oxygen from each breath.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Identify the mismatched pair.

A)arrow worm - Chaetognatha
B)krill - Arthropoda
C)Physalia - Cnidaria
D)Sea gooseberry - Ctenophora
E)Squid - Annelida

Answer 3

E

Question 4

The mysticeti whales include the humpback,the gray,and the sperm whales.

Question 5

Sharks have lunate caudal fins.

Question 6

Barrel-shaped animals with openings at each end for current flow are called:

A)cephalopods.
B)cnidarians.
C)crustaceans.
D)ctenophores.
E)salps.

Question 7

Strategies for staying afloat in pelagic environments include air bladder,increased body fat,and increased density.

Question 8

Some fish maintain body temperatures significantly higher than the surrounding water using a modified circulatory countercurrent heat exchange system between muscle and blood vessels.

Question 9

The California gray whale is unusual because it stirs up bottom sediment in order to feed.

Question 10

The migration routes of marine fishes and mammals are well known by man.

Question 11

Which set of fins is used for moving fast?

A)anal and dorsal
B)caudal
C)caudal and pectoral
D)pectoral
E)pectoral and pelvic

Question 12

We currently believe that all marine mammals evolved from land-dwelling mammals.

Question 13

Which set of fins is used as stabilizers?

A)anal and caudal
B)anal and dorsal
C)caudal and dorsal
D)caudal and pelvic
E)pectoral and pelvic

Question 14

All of the following are adaptations to life in the epipelagic zone except:

A)gas-filled bladders.
B)increased density.
C)increased surface area.
D)long appendages.
E)spines.

Question 15

One adaptation for deep diving is an increase in heart rate during the dive.

Question 16

Red muscles fiber is abundant in cruisers,while white muscle fiber is abundant in lungers.

Question 17

Which set of fins is used for turning and breaking?

A)anal and caudal
B)anal and dorsal
C)caudal and dorsal
D)caudal and pelvic
E)pectoral and pelvic

Question 18

Muscles segments used in locomotion and found along the sides of fish are called myomeres.

Question 19

This marine mammal:

A)are small mammals with dense fur and lack an insulating blubber layer.
B)are tropical herbivores found in shallow coastal waters.
C)have anterior flippers covered with hair that cannot be rotated backwards.
D)have posterior flippers than can be moved forward.
E)have thick fur with hollow fur shafts for insulation.

Question 20

Which of the following is not an adaptation for deep diving in Cetaceans?

A)blood flow is shifted from the brain to the extremities.
B)collapsing the lungs to compensate for increasing water pressure during deep dives.
C)having a lot of myoglobin in the muscles to store oxygen.
D)having increased hemoglobin concentrations to store more oxygen.
E)slowed cardiac rate.

Question 21

The speed of a fish is closely related to its:

A)aspect ratio.
B)length.
C)number of fins.
D)size of tail.
E)width.

Question 22

An example of a "cruiser" is a:

A)flounder.
B)grouper.
C)mackerel.
D)shark.
E)tuna.

Question 23

The shape of the caudal fin of a shark is referred to as:

A)forked.
B)heterocercal.
C)lunate.
D)rounded.
E)truncate.

Question 24

Which of the following affect the ability of species to capture food?

A)body length
B)body temperature
C)circulatory system
D)speed
E)All of the above affect the ability of pelagic organisms to capture food.

Question 25

All of the following are baleen whales except:

A)blue whales.
B)fin whales.
C)gray whales.
D)right whales.
E)sperm whales.

Question 26

Sea lions are easily distinguished from seals because they:

A)cannot rotate their anterior flippers backward.
B)cannot rotate their anterior flippers forward.
C)have external ears.
D)have a short neck.
E)use their posterior flippers for swimming.

Question 27

All of the following are benefits the adaptive behavior in the figure because it:

A)confuses predators by constantly changing positions of the fish within the school.
B)makes the group of fish appear as one large unit.
C)reduces the mortality rate for individuals within the school
D)reduces the probability that a predator will locate the prey species.
E)All of the above behaviors are beneficial to schooling fish.

Question 28

All of the following are adaptations of mesopelagic fishes except:

A)Extensible jaws.
B)Large mouths
C)Large body.
D)Nonspecific diet.
E)Sharp,needle-like teeth

Question 29

The humpback and other baleen whales migrate every year to:

A)feed in the Arctic and Antarctic regions during the winter.
B)feed in the tropics during the summer.
C)feed in the tropics during the winter.
D)mate and give birth in the Arctic and Antarctic regions during the summer.
E)mate and give birth in the tropics during the winter.

Question 30

Cruisers often have relatively high body temperature because:

A)it assists them in predator avoidance.
B)it helps them blend more easily with their environment
C)it increases the power output of muscle tissue
D)they are cold blooded
E)they only need to move periodically

Question 31

Bioluminescence is employed by mesopelagic animals for all of the following except:

A)attracting food.
B)communication.
C)counter illumination.
D)predator avoidance.
E)warning coloration.

Question 32

The caudal fin of fast-cruising fish such as tuna is:

A)forked.
B)heterocercal.
C)lunate.
D)rounded.
E)truncate.

Question 33

The fin(s)that have been modified in rays and skates for efficient movement is (are)the:

A)anal fin.
B)caudal fin.
C)dorsal fin.
D)pectoral fins.
E)pelvic fin.

Question 34

Identify the mismatched pair.

A)dolphin -Cetacea
B)dugong - Sirenia
C)manatee - Cetacea
D)sea otter - Carnivora
E)walrus - Pinnipedia

Question 35

The body shape among fishes varies greatly in accordance with habitat and life-style.A torpedo-shaped body is found among:

A)bottom-dwelling fishes.
B)demersal fishes.
C)fast swimming fishes.
D)fishes that live among rocks and vegetation.
E)slow swimming fishes.

Question 36

A modified circulatory system in tuna helps it:

A)cruise for long periods of time.
B)maintain a relatively high body temperature.
C)minimize heat loss.
D)swim very fast for short periods of time.
E)All of the above statements are a result of modified circulation in tuna.

Question 37

The muscle tissue of a "lunger" is predominantly:

A)blue.
B)gray.
C)pink.
D)red.
E)white.