Deck 15: Aldehydes and Ketones

Question 1

One of the major differences between aldehydes and ketones as compared to other carbonyl compounds is that in aldehydes and ketones

A)the molar masses tend to be much smaller than in the other types of compounds.
B)the carbonyl carbon has bond angles of 120°C,unlike the comparable bond angles in other carbonyl compounds.
C)the polar carbon-oxygen bond is less reactive than the hydrocarbon portion of the molecule.
D)the carbonyl group carbon atom is bonded to atoms that do not attract electrons strongly.
E)none of the above

Answer 1

the carbonyl group carbon atom is bonded to atoms that do not attract electrons strongly.

Question 2

The IUPAC name for acetone is

A)2-propanal.
B)3-propanal.
C)2-propanone.
D)1-propanone.
E)dimethyl ketone.

Answer 2

2-propanone.

Question 3

All of the statements concerning the carbonyl group in aldehydes and ketones are true except

A)the bond is polar,with a slight negative charge on the oxygen atom.
B)the bond angles about the central carbon atom are 120°.
C)the carbonyl group is planar.
D)in condensed form the carbonyl group can be written as -CHO.
E)because the bond is polar,carbonyl groups readily form hydrogen bonds with each other.

Answer 3

because the bond is polar,carbonyl groups readily form hydrogen bonds with each other.

Question 4

Which molecule is formaldehyde?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

Question 5

Which type of compound does not contain a carbonyl group?

A)aldehyde
B)amine
C)carboxylic acid
D)ester
E)ketone

Question 6

What is the IUPAC name of the compound shown?

A)4-heptanone
B)3-heptanone
C)5-methyl-4-hexanone
D)2-methyl-3-hexanone
E)isopropyl n-propyl ketone

Question 7

Which molecule is a ketone?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

Question 8

The correct name for CH₃CH(CH₃)CH₂COCH₃ is

A)2-methyl-4-pentanone.
B)4-methyl-2-pentanone.
C)2-methyl-4-butanone.
D)4-methyl-2-butanone.
E)isobutyl acetone.

Question 9

Which is the correct systematic name for the molecule shown?

A)methyl propyl ketone
B)propyl methyl ketone
C)ethyl methyl acetone
D)3-hexanone
E)4-hexanone

Question 10

The carbonyl group is

A)a general term for any functional group involving a carbon-oxygen bond.
B)found only in aldehydes and ketones.
C)a functional group in which carbon and oxygen are joined by a double bond.
D)a functional group with a 6-membered ring where at least one atom is oxygen.
E)produced by reduction reactions of primary or secondary alcohols.

Question 11

Which of the following names does not fit a real compound?

A)3-methyl-2-pentanal
B)4-methylpentanal
C)3-ethylpentanal
D)ethanal
E)All are correct.

Question 12

The IUPAC name for dimethyl ketone is

A)2-propanal.
B)3-propanal.
C)2-propanone.
D)1-propanone.
E)acetone.

Question 13

Which molecule is acetone?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

Question 14

Which of the following names does not fit a real compound?

A)3-methyl-1-pentanone
B)2-methyl-3-pentanone
C)2-butanone
D)3-octanone
E)All are correct.

Question 15

What is the IUPAC name of the compound shown?

A)2-methyl-4-butanone
B)2-methyl-1-butanone
C)2-methylbutanal
D)3-methylbutanal
E)isopentanal

Question 16

The correct name for CH₃CH(CH₃)CH₂CHO is

A)2-methylbutanal.
B)3-methyl-1-butanal.
C)3-methylbutanal.
D)isopentanal.
E)3-methyl-1-butanone.

Question 17

Which molecule is 2-butanone?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

Question 18

What is the IUPAC name for diisopropyl ketone?

A)2,2-dimethyl-3-pentanone
B)2-dimethyl-3-pentanone
C)2,4-dimethyl-3-pentanone
D)2,4-dimethyl-3-propanone

Question 19

Which molecule is an aldehyde?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

Question 20

Which molecule is propanal?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

Question 21

Which compound has the lowest boiling point?

A)CH₃CH₂OH
B)CH₃CH₂CHO
C)CH₃CH₂CH₃
D)CH₃CH₂CH₂OH
E)CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₃

Question 22

Which of the following compounds would be the least soluble in water?

A)2-propanone
B)2-butanone
C)2-hexanone
D)2-pentanone
E)3-pentanone

Question 23

Oxidation of an aldehyde produces a

A)carboxylic acid.
B)primary alcohol.
C)secondary alcohol.
D)tertiary alcohol.
E)ketone.

Question 24

Which of the following is used as a flavoring agent in food that conveys an almond or cherry-like odor?

A)acetone
B)acetaldehyde
C)benzaldehyde
D)ethanol
E)formaldehyde

Question 25

Assuming the following compounds have similar molar masses.Which one should have the highest boiling point?

A)hexane
B)pentanal
C)1-pentanol
D)2-pentanone
E)3-pentanone

Question 26

All of the following are properties of acetone except

A)volatility.
B)flammability.
C)intoxication.
D)solvent for organic substances.
E)nutrient.

Question 27

The correct IUPAC name for the following compound is

A)2-phenyl-3-butanone.
B)3-phenyl-2-butanone.
C)2-phenyl-3-butanal.
D)2-phenyl butanal.
E)3-phenyl butanal.

Question 28

Oxidation of a ketone produces

A)a carboxylic acid.
B)a primary alcohol.
C)a secondary alcohol.
D)an aldehyde.
E)no reaction.

Question 29

All of the following are true concerning a two-carbon aldehyde except

A)its condensed formula is C
-CHO.
B)its systematic name is ethanal.
C)its common name is acetaldehyde.
D)it has a higher boiling point than an alcohol of similar molecular weight.
E)its structural formula is:

Question 30

Tollens' reagent is used to

A)distinguish aldehydes from ketones.
B)reduce aldehydes.
C)reduce ketones.
D)oxidize ketones.
E)distinguish amines from aldehydes.

Question 31

All of the following are true concerning a three-carbon ketone except

A)its condensed formula is C
-CO-C

.
B)its systematic name is propanone.
C)its common name is acetone.
D)another acceptable name is methyl ethyl ketone.
E)its structural formula is:

Question 32

Arrange the following compounds in order of increasing boiling point:
acetone,n-butane,propanal,1-propanol,2-propanol.
Explain the reasons for your arrangement.

Question 33

Which of the following is a use of formaldehyde?

A)flavoring
B)hormone
C)preservative
D)sweetener
E)solvent

Question 34

Which of the following is not a property of aldehydes and ketones?

A)They are polar.
B)Most have distinctive odors.
C)They have lower boiling points than alcohols of similar molar mass.
D)They have higher boiling points than alkanes of similar molar mass.
E)They cannot form hydrogen bonds with water because they have no hydrogen atoms bonded to oxygen.

Question 35

Which of the following is formed in small amounts during the normal breakdown of carbohydrates?

A)formaldehyde
B)benzaldehyde
C)acetone
D)acetaldehyde
E)ethanol

Question 36

Which of the following compound would be the most soluble in water?

A)2-pentanone
B)2-propanone
C)3-hexanone
D)hexanal
E)2-butanone

Question 37

Which compound has the lowest boiling point?

A)CH₃CHO
B)CH₃CH₂CHO
C)CH₃CH₂OH
D)CH₃CH₂CH₂OH
E)CH₃COCH₃

Question 38

Which of the following is the correct line drawing for 2,4-dimethyl-3-pentanone?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

Question 39

The common name of an industrial solvent used in many manufacturing processes is methyl ethyl ketone.The correct systematic name and structural formula of this compound are

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)none of these

Question 40

Which compound has the highest boiling point?

A)CH₃CHO
B)CH₃CH₂CHO
C)CH₃CH₂OH
D)CH₃CH₂CH₂OH
E)CH₃COCH₃

Question 41

What ketone or aldehyde below would be reduced to form 2-methyl-3-pentanol?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

Question 42

In the Benedict's test,

A)an aldehyde is oxidized.
B)a silver mirror is produced.
C)the copper (II)ion is oxidized.
D)all of these
E)none of these

Question 43

Which observation denotes a positive Benedict's test?

A)A red-brown solution becomes clear and colorless.
B)A red precipitate forms from a blue solution.
C)A purple solution yields a brown precipitate.
D)A mirror-like deposit forms from a colorless solution.
E)A pale yellow solution with an odor of chlorine changes to a purple color.

Question 44

What is the metal ion that causes the oxidation in the Benedict's test for aldhydes?

A)Silver (I)
B)Cupper(I)
C)Copper(II)
D)Au(III)
E)Pb(II)

Question 45

Which compound will give a positive Tollens' test?

A)2-pentanone
B)3-pentanone
C)pentanoic acid
D)pentane
E)pentanal

Question 46

Reduction of aldehydes and ketones is a

A)one-step reaction involving the H^- ion.
B)one-step reaction involving the H⁺ ion.
C)two-step reaction involving the H^- and H⁺ ions.
D)two-step reaction involving the OH^- and H⁺ ions.
E)two-step reaction involving the H^- and OH^- ions.

Question 47

What is the product of the reduction of 3-methyl-2-pentanone?

A)3-methyl-2-pentanol
B)2-methyl-3-pentanol
C)3-methyl-2-pentanal
D)3-methyl-2-pentene
E)no reaction

Question 48

What is the metal ion that causes the oxidation in the Tollen's test for aldhydes?

A)Silver (I)
B)Cupper(I)
C)Copper(II)
D)Au(III)
E)Pb(II)

Question 49

What is the product of reduction of 2-butanone?

A)butanal
B)2-butanol
C)butanoic acid
D)1-butanol
E)no reaction

Question 50

Reduction of a ketone produces a(an)

A)carboxylic acid.
B)primary alcohol.
C)secondary alcohol.
D)tertiary alcohol.
E)aldehyde.

Question 51

What is the product of oxidation of 2-butanone?

A)butanal
B)2-butanol
C)butanoic acid
D)1-butanol
E)no reaction

Question 52

All of the following statements about oxidation of carbonyls are true except

A)oxidation of aldehydes produces carboxylic acids.
B)oxidation of ketones produces esters.
C)Tollens' test involves reduction of Ag⁺.
D)Benedict's test involves reduction of Cu²⁺.
E)none of the above

Question 53

Which compound will give a positive Tollens' test?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

Question 54

What is the element that causes oxidation in the Tollens' test for aldehydes?

A)silver
B)copper
C)gold
D)platinum
E)lead

Question 55

What is the product of reduction of butanal?

A)butane
B)2-butanol
C)butanoic acid
D)1-butanol
E)no reaction

Question 56

Which observation denotes a positive Tollens' test?

A)The light blue color of the reagent disappears.
B)A brick-red precipitate forms.
C)A silver deposit forms on the glass surface.
D)A silver wire dissolves.
E)Bubbles of oxygen gas are produced.

Question 57

The substance that precipitates in a positive Benedict test is

A)Ag.
B)CuO.
C)Cu₂O.
D)none of these

Question 58

In biochemical reactions,reduction of carbonyl groups is carried out by

A)NaBH₄.
B)H₂.
C)pyruvic acid.
D)lactic acid.
E)NADH.

Question 59

Reduction of an aldehyde produces a

A)carboxylic acid.
B)primary alcohol.
C)secondary alcohol.
D)tertiary alcohol.
E)ketone.

Question 60

What is the product of oxidation of butanal?

A)butane
B)2-butanol
C)butanoic acid
D)1-butanol
E)no reaction

Question 61

To what class of compounds does glucose belong?

A)cyclic ketone
B)cyclic aldehyde
C)cyclic acetal
D)cyclic hemiacetal
E)cyclic acid

Question 62

A compound with an -OH group and an ether-like -OR group bonded to the same carbon atom a(n)

A)acetal.
B)aldol.
C)diol.
D)hemiacetal.
E)simple ether.

Question 63

What is the major organic product of the following reaction?

A)

B)

C)

D)

Question 64

A compound with two ether-like -OR groups bonded to the same carbon atom a(n)

A)acetal.
B)aldol.
C)diol.
D)hemiacetal.
E)simple ether.

Question 65

Predict the products of the following reactions and identify if they are an acetal or a ketal:

A)

B)

Question 66

Which of the following is the line bond structure for the reduction of 2-methylcyclopentanone?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

Question 67

The result of a hydrolysis reaction is what?

A)getting the chemicals wet
B)having an oxidation reduction reaction result in hydration of the molecule
C)splitting of a molecule into the component substances
D)one that forms water upon reaction
E)addition of water across a double bond

Question 68

Which of the following is an acetal?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

Question 69

Match the following.
carbonyl

A)a compound with a carbon atom that is bonded to both an alcohol-like group and an ether-like group.
B)the simplest ketone,also named acetone
C)a functional group consisting of a carbonyl group bonded to to a carbon that is bonded to one hydrogen atom and two other carbon atoms.
D)the simplest aldehyde,also named formaldehyde
E)a compound with a carbon atom that is bonded to two ether-like groups.
F)a functional group consisting of a carbon atom with a double bond to an oxygen atom
G)
H)C
C
C
C
CHO
I)a functional group consisting of a carbonyl group bonded to two other carbon atoms
J)C
C
COC
C
K)
L)

Question 70

Which pair of compounds can react to form a hemiacetal?

A)CH₃CH₂CHO and CH₃CH₂OH
B)CH₃COCH₃ and CH₃CH₂CHO
C)CH₃CH₂CHO and CH₃COOH
D)CH₃COCH₃ and CH₃COOH
E)CH₃COOH and CH₃CH₂OH

Question 71

Cyclize the following compound.Identify if it is a hemiacetal,hemiketal,acetal or ketal.

Question 72

Which of the following is a hemiketal?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

Question 73

Match the following.
aldehyde

A)a compound with a carbon atom that is bonded to both an alcohol-like group and an ether-like group.
B)the simplest ketone,also named acetone
C)a functional group consisting of a carbonyl group bonded to to a carbon that is bonded to one hydrogen atom and two other carbon atoms.
D)the simplest aldehyde,also named formaldehyde
E)a compound with a carbon atom that is bonded to two ether-like groups.
F)a functional group consisting of a carbon atom with a double bond to an oxygen atom
G)
H)C
C
C
C
CHO
I)a functional group consisting of a carbonyl group bonded to two other carbon atoms
J)C
C
COC
C
K)
L)

Question 74

Since hemiacetals are unstable,they are seldom found in significant quantities in reaction mixtures.An exception to this statement is the formation of hemiacetals

A)from carbonyl compounds and alcohols with identical R groups.
B)from aldehyde and alcohol groups within the same molecule.
C)from carbonyl compounds and alcohols with different R groups.
D)in an acid-catalyzed reaction.
E)in a base-catalyzed reaction.

Question 75

Which of the following is a hemiacetal?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

Question 76

Match the following.
ketone

A)a compound with a carbon atom that is bonded to both an alcohol-like group and an ether-like group.
B)the simplest ketone,also named acetone
C)a functional group consisting of a carbonyl group bonded to to a carbon that is bonded to one hydrogen atom and two other carbon atoms.
D)the simplest aldehyde,also named formaldehyde
E)a compound with a carbon atom that is bonded to two ether-like groups.
F)a functional group consisting of a carbon atom with a double bond to an oxygen atom
G)
H)C
C
C
C
CHO
I)a functional group consisting of a carbonyl group bonded to two other carbon atoms
J)C
C
COC
C
K)
L)

Question 77

Hydrolysis of an acetal will produce

A)one aldehyde or ketone + two ethers.
B)two aldehydes or ketones + one ether.
C)two aldehydes or ketones + one alcohol.
D)one aldehyde or ketone + two alcohols.
E)one aldehyde or ketone + two waters.

Question 78

What reaction conditions are needed to cause formation of an acetal from the same reactants that form hemiacetals?

A)high temperature
B)excess aldehyde or ketone as reactant
C)limited amount of alcohol as reactant
D)metallic catalyst
E)acid catalyst

Question 79

The reverse reaction of acetal formation is

A)oxidation.
B)reduction.
C)hydrolysis.
D)combustion.
E)esterification.

Question 80

Predict the hydrolysis products for the following reactions:

A)

B)