Deck 32: Animals: Chordates and Vertebrates

Question 1

The lancelets are found

A) in tropical Amazon streams.
B) as parasites inside the tracts of fish.
C) very rarely in mountain streams, where they are almost extinct.
D) commonly in the sandy bottoms of shallow coastal waters around the world.
E) on the bottom of the ocean.

Answer 1

D
Explanation: Lancelets are marine chordates that are only a few centimeters long. They typically live along the shore lines on most coasts and bury themselves in the mud or sand.Bloom's

Question 2

In vertebrates,the embryonic ____ is replaced by tissues that form a vertebral column.

A) notochord
B) nerve cord
C) pharyngeal pouches
D) gill clefts
E) deuterostomes

Answer 2

A
Explanation: Vertebrates have a dorsal support rod or notochord that is present during development of the fetus. Later the flexible notochord is replaced by a vertebral column that is made up of individual vertebra.Bloom's

Question 3

Which of the following sequences correctly represents vertebrate evolution?

A) jawless fish $\rarr$ lobe-finned fish $\rarr$ amphibians $\rarr$ reptiles $\rarr$ mammals
B) jawless fish $\rarr$ amphibians $\rarr$ reptiles $\rarr$ lobe-finned fish $\rarr$ mammals
C) mammals $\rarr$ lobe-finned fish $\rarr$ reptiles $\rarr$ jawless fish $\rarr$ amphibians
D) lobe-finned fish $\rarr$ mammals $\rarr$ reptiles $\rarr$ jawless fish $\rarr$ amphibians
E) lobe-finned fish $\rarr$ reptiles $\rarr$ mammals $\rarr$ jawless fish $\rarr$ amphibians

Answer 3

jawless fish $\rarr$ lobe-finned fish $\rarr$ amphibians $\rarr$ reptiles $\rarr$ mammals

Question 4

Amphibians most likely evolved from ancestors most similar to the

A) hagfish.
B) lamprey.
C) coelacanth.
D) skate.
E) ray-finned fish.

Question 5

The jawless fish that is parasitic,attaching itself to and sucking fluids from the tissues of a living fish,is the

A) hagfish.
B) lamprey.
C) coelacanth.
D) skate.
E) ray-finned fish.

Question 6

Which statement about the chordates is NOT correct?

A) Chordates have segmentation.
B) Chordates have bilateral symmetry.
C) Invertebrate chordates are marine and filter feeding.
D) Adult lancelets have all the characteristics that distinguish chordates from members of other phyla.
E) Adult tunicates lack all the characteristics that distinguish chordates from members of other phyla.

Question 7

Jaws are believed to have evolved from the

A) cranium.
B) first ribs.
C) first pair of gill arches.
D) tooth buds.
E) suckers of lampreys.

Question 8

Defining characteristics of chordates are

A) segmentation, dorsal hollow nerve cord, gill arches or pharyngeal pouches.
B) dorsal hollow nerve cord, notochord, bilateral symmetry, and post-anal tail.
C) bilateral symmetry, segmentation, and well-developed coelom.
D) well-developed coelom, gill arches or pharyngeal pouches, and notochord.
E) gill arches or pharyngeal pouches, dorsal tubular nerve cord, notochord, and post-anal tail.

Question 9

The amphibian heart has

A) two separate atria and two separate ventricles that partition oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood.
B) two separate atria and one shared ventricle that allow oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood to mix.
C) two separate ventricles and one shared atrium that allow oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood to mix.
D) one atrium and one ventricle similar to the fish.
E) one atrium and one ventricle but reroutes the blood through the heart after passing through the gills.

Question 10

The cartilaginous fishes include all EXCEPT

A) lampreys.
B) dogfish shark.
C) skates.
D) rays.
E) whale shark.

Question 11

Which of these is NOT a characteristic of a shark?

A) ability to sense electric currents in the water
B) skeleton of cartilage
C) a sucker used to attach to prey
D) ability to sense pressure of other swimming objects
E) ability to detect blood in minute amounts

Question 12

When researchers videotaped the body of a dead whale on the bottom of the ocean,it was rippling with the activity of many scavengers inside the carcass.These scavengers would have been

A) hagfish.
B) lampreys.
C) coelacanths.
D) skates.
E) ray-finned fishes.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a unique characteristic of chordates at some time in their life history?

A) a dorsal notochord
B) a ventral hollow nerve cord
C) pharyngeal pouches
D) gill clefts
E) a post-anal tail

Question 14

The living coelacanths discovered off the coast of Africa in the Indian Ocean in 1938,and near Indonesia in 1998,proved that it

A) was a modern fish unrelated to fossil coelacanths.
B) was the "missing link" between fish and amphibians.
C) was the link between cartilage and bony fishes.
D) had changed very little and had not gone extinct.
E) had gone extinct and then evolved from other fish still present.

Question 15

Which of these is NOT a true statement?

A) All chordates are vertebrates.
B) All vertebrates are chordates.
C) Tunicates and lancelets are invertebrate chordates.
D) Echinoderms and chordates are deuterostomes.
E) Sea squirts are invertebrate chordates.

Question 16

Although adult tunicates are stuck to the ocean bottom,they are considered early relatives of vertebrates because

A) tunicate gill slits are like ribs.
B) tunicate adults have a notochord.
C) tunicate larvae have a notochord.
D) all vertebrate embryos go through a stage that resembles adult tunicates.
E) tunicate adults have all four chordate characteristics.

Question 17

Sharks

A) have bone skeletons.
B) lack jaws.
C) have a keen sense of smell.
D) lack the lateral line system of bony fishes.
E) do not have paired fins.

Question 18

Which represents the correct order of evolution of chordate features?

A) amnion $\rarr$ limbs $\rarr$ lungs $\rarr$ jaws $\rarr$ vertebrae
B) limbs $\rarr$ lungs $\rarr$ jaws $\rarr$ vertebrae $\rarr$ amnion
C) lungs $\rarr$ jaws $\rarr$ vertebrae $\rarr$ amnion $\rarr$ limbs
D) vertebrae $\rarr$ jaws $\rarr$ lungs $\rarr$ limbs $\rarr$ amnion
E) vertebrae $\rarr$ amnion $\rarr$ limbs $\rarr$ lungs $\rarr$ jaws

Question 19

In vertebrates,the _______ is/are usually replaced by ________.

A) pharyngeal pouches; gill arches
B) dorsal hollow nerve cord; a ventral solid nerve cord
C) gill arches; pharyngeal pouches
D) notochord; a dorsal hollow nerve cord
E) notochord; a vertebral column

Question 20

Amphibians are NOT considered to be fully adapted to life on land because

A) they are dependent upon water for external fertilization.
B) their skin is used for respiration.
C) they have hopping legs.
D) their skin is used for respiration.
E) most amphibians live their entire lives in water.

Question 21

Vertebrates possessing a four-chambered heart are

A) bipedal.
B) all birds.
C) warm-blooded (maintains a constant body temperature).
D) cold-blooded (body temperature varies with external temperature).
E) reptiles.

Question 22

Which of these is a proper contrast between birds and mammals?

A) Birds are cold-blooded; mammals are warm-blooded.
B) Birds are egg laying; no mammals lay eggs.
C) Birds have air sacs in addition to lungs; mammals have no air sacs.
D) Birds lack a septum between the ventricles; mammals have a septum between the ventricles.
E) Birds, unlike mammals, require no parental care.

Question 23

Which of these characteristics is NOT found in the amphibians but is developed in reptiles?

A) thin moist skin
B) internal fertilization
C) small inefficient lungs
D) aquatic larvae
E) eggs with gelatinous covering

Question 24

Because most birds travel through the air at high speeds,they must have

A) a crop and a gizzard.
B) highly sensitive sensory systems.
C) complex songs.
D) eggs and no placenta.
E) a three chambered heart.

Question 25

The respiratory advantage provided by a four-chambered heart over a three-chambered heart in vertebrates is

A) combination of oxygen-rich blood with oxygen-poor blood.
B) reduction of hemoglobin requirement.
C) elimination of alveolar dependency.
D) separation of oxygen-rich blood and oxygen-poor blood.
E) more blood gets sent to the lungs.

Question 26

A heart with two separate atria and two separate ventricles is seen among

A) fishes and amphibians.
B) amphibians and reptiles.
C) birds and amphibians.
D) mammals and birds.
E) fish and amphibians.

Question 27

Which of these characteristics first developed in reptiles?

A) amniotic egg
B) scales on skin
C) four-legged body
D) skull and vertebral column
E) animals with lungs.

Question 28

Ectothermic animals with three-chambered hearts would include

A) amphibians.
B) mammals.
C) fish.
D) arthropods.
E) birds.

Question 29

Which type of mammal lays eggs?

A) monotremes
B) marsupials
C) placentals
D) snakes
E) birds

Question 30

Which of these characteristics is NOT associated with flight requirements in birds?

A) feet with claws
B) light hollow bones
C) a light horny beak with no teeth
D) respiratory air sacs and lungs with one way air flow
E) an enlarged breastbone with strong muscles attached

Question 31

Endothermic animals with four-chambered hearts include the

A) amphibians.
B) reptiles.
C) fish.
D) arthropods.
E) birds.

Question 32

Which of the following features is NOT a characteristic used to distinguish birds?

A) feathers
B) air sacs
C) variable body temperature
D) hard-shelled egg
E) four-chambered heart

Question 33

Extraembryonic membranes are NOT found in the development of

A) amphibians.
B) reptiles.
C) birds.
D) mammals.
E) chordates.

Question 34

The chief distinguishing characteristic of all mammals is the presence of

A) constant internal temperature.
B) four limbs.
C) a four-chambered heart.
D) hair and mammary glands.
E) a placenta.

Question 35

Which of the following features was NOT necessary for adaptation by reptiles to life on land?

A) hard, horny scales
B) internal fertilization by means of a penis
C) shelled egg
D) being cold-blooded
E) well-developed lungs

Question 36

The duckbill platypus is an exception to many mammals because it

A) lacks hair.
B) is ectothermic or "cold-blooded."
C) doesn't secrete milk.
D) doesn't give birth but lays eggs.
E) is found in Australia.

Question 37

Which types of embryos have extraembryonic membranes?

A) fish
B) frog
C) salamander
D) shark
E) mammalian

Question 38

An animal that is characterized by vertebrae,dorsal hollow nerve cord,hair,and mammary glands must be a(n)

A) fish.
B) amphibian.
C) reptile.
D) bird.
E) mammal.

Question 39

Mammals are different from birds in all these characteristics EXCEPT

A) having hair.
B) having mammary glands.
C) maintaining a constant body temperature.
D) having young born alive.
E) having a bladder.

Question 40

The organ of nutrition used in fetal development in the most successful mammals is the

A) mammary gland.
B) egg.
C) pouch.
D) placenta.
E) amniote egg.

Question 41

Which of these made advanced tools and produced artwork?

A) Homo erectus
B) Homo habilis
C) Cro-Magnon man
D) Neandertal man
E) Homo ergaster

Question 42

The fossil called Lucy is a member of the species ___,which lived about 3.18 million years ago.

A) Australopithecus afarensis
B) Australopithecus africanus
C) Proconsul
D) Homo habilis
E) Homo erectus

Question 43

All of these humans are believed to have evolved in Africa EXCEPT

A) Homo erectus.
B) Homo habilis.
C) Homo rudolfensis.
D) Neandertals.
E) Homo ergaster.

Question 44

All of the following are characteristics of primates EXCEPT the

A) nails on hands and feet.
B) stereoscopic vision.
C) well-developed brain.
D) opposable thumb.
E) rapid postnatal maturation.

Question 45

The main features that place Homo habilis in the genus Homo rather than Australopithecus are

A) human facial appearance and lack of hair.
B) advanced use of language and total carnivorous diet.
C) brain size, posture, and dentition.
D) care of young and altruistic behavior.
E) hand grip, extensive use of tools, and house-building.

Question 46

Non-vertebrate chordates,tunicates and lancelets,differ from other chordates in that

A) They do not have a notochord.
B) They have gills while other chordates have lungs.
C) They do not have jaws while all other chordates do have them.
D) The notochord of non-vertebrate chordates does not become a vertebral column.
E) Non-vertebrate chordates do not have a internal bony skeleton while all other chordates do.

Question 47

The most primitive primates are considered to be the

A) prosimians.
B) apes.
C) New World monkeys.
D) Old World monkeys.
E) humans.

Question 48

The ____ are believed to be the first group of hominids that buried their dead.

A) Homo habilis
B) Homo erectus
C) Peking man
D) Homo neanderthalensis
E) Cro-Magnon

Question 49

Larval tunicates differ from adults in all but one of the following ways.Which of the following is not true?

A) The adults are sessile and the larvae are free swimming.
B) The adults do not have a notochord while the larvae do.
C) The adults do not have pharynx and gill slits while the larvae do.
D) The adults do not have a dorsal, hollow nerve chord while the larvae do.
E) The adults do not have a post-anal tail while the larvae do.

Question 50

The first member of genus Homo to use fire is

A) Australopithecus robustus.
B) Australopithecus africanus.
C) Homo habilis.
D) Homo erectus.
E) Homo sapiens.

Question 51

Sometimes biologists are alleged to have said that "man comes from monkeys." The correct way for a modern biologist to explain the apparent sequence of human evolution is

A) monkeys have evolved less than humans.
B) humans and monkeys share a common ancestor.
C) humans and monkeys are biologically identical.
D) evolution leads toward more perfect forms and humans therefore came after modern monkeys.
E) humans continue to evolve while monkeys do not.

Question 52

The out-of-Africa hypothesis of human evolution proposes that Homo sapiens evolved from

A) several populations of Homo ergaster that existed in Asia, Africa, and Europe
B) one population of Homo ergaster and the other populations were supplanted by H. sapiens
C) old world monkeys
D) new world monkeys
E) chimpanzees

Question 53

Both echinoderms and chordates are deuterostomes,this means that

A) They have a similar development in their embryonic stages.
B) They both have eyes that have retinas.
C) They both start with radial symmetry in their early embryonic stages.
D) They both use calcium based endoskeletons.
E) They are both invertebrates.

Question 54

The stone tools and the dentition of Homo habilis indicate that early humans probably

A) were herbivores.
B) were carnivores.
C) were omnivores.
D) were predators.
E) cooked with fire.

Question 55

Which hominid is considered to be the handyman by being the first to use tools?

A) Gorilla
B) Lucy
C) Homo habilis
D) Homo erectus
E) Chimpanzee

Question 56

Primates are associated with all of the following except

A) nails rather than claws.
B) a larger brain (cerebral) volume.
C) opposable thumb and sometimes large toe.
D) eyes on the sides of the head.
E) good hand-eye coordination.

Question 57

In contrast to the out-of-Africa hypothesis,the multi-regional continuity hypothesis contends that Homo ergaster migrated to many continents as much as one million years ago,and all populations evolved into modern humans because

A) no further evolutionary changes occurred.
B) there was sufficient gene flow between populations to maintain one species.
C) constant warfare allowed one or another lineage to dominate.
D) hybrids between different lineages were superior and replaced their ancestors.
E) all lineages changed but in response to the same evolutionary pressures so they changed in the same way.

Question 58

Of the following fossils,which is arranged in the correct order from oldest to the most recent?

A) Homo erectus, Homo sapiens, Homo habilis
B) Homo sapiens, Homo erectus, Homo habilis
C) Homo habilis, Homo erectus, Homo sapiens
D) Homo erectus, Homo habilis, Homo sapiens
E) Homo sapiens, Homo habilis, Homo erectus

Question 59

Which of the following characteristics is NOT a distinguishing feature of all primates?

A) opposable thumb
B) fingernails
C) usually single birth
D) extended period of parental care
E) expanded hindbrain

Question 60

Based on molecular data,the split between apes and humans is thought to have occurred about ______ million years ago.

A) one
B) two
C) three
D) five
E) six

Question 61

Identify the four morphological traits unique to the chordates.

Question 62

What is the most probable evolutionary path for genus Homo?

A) Sahelanthropus tchadensis - Ardipithecus kadabba - Australopithecus anamensis - Australopithecus afarensis - Homo habilis
B) Ardipithecus kadabba - Australopithecus anamensis - Sahelanthropus tchadensis -Australopithecus afarensis - Homo habilis
C) Australopithecus afarensis - Ardipithecus kadabba - Australopithecus anamensis - Sahelanthropus tchadensis - Homo erectus
D) Ardipithecus kadabba - Australopithecus afarensis - Australopithecus anamensis - Sahelanthropus tchadensis - Homo habilis
E) Sahelanthropus tchadensis - Ardipithecus kadabba - Australopithecus anamensis - Australopithecus afarensis - Homo ergaster

Question 63

The australopithecines evolved and diversified in Africa from 4 MYA until 1.5 MYA and are the possible direct hominin ancestors for humans.

Question 64

Which feature is used to distinguish modern humans?

A) bipedalism
B) notochord
C) use of tools
D) omnivore diet
E) forward facing eyes

Question 65

The ability to throw spears and kill animals from a distance gave Cro-Magnon an advantage in their environment.

Question 66

Which technology was first established by Cro-Magnon?

A) throwing spears
B) scrapers
C) controlled fire
D) group life
E) All of these are unique to Cro-Magnon.

Question 67

What is the correct evolutionary pathway for the key features of chordates?

A) notochord - vertebrae - jaws - bony skeleton - lungs - 4 limbs - amniotic egg - mammary glands
B) vertebrae - notochord- jaws - bony skeleton - lungs - 4 limbs - amniotic egg - mammary glands
C) notochord - vertebrae - jaws - bony skeleton - lungs - amniotic egg - 4 limbs- mammary glands
D) notochord - vertebrae - jaws - bony skeleton - mammary glands - lungs - 4 limbs - amniotic egg
E) mammary glands - notochord - vertebrae - jaws - lungs - 4 limbs - amniotic egg - bony skeleton

Question 68

Which species is believed to be the first creature to walk erect and possibly be the first hominin?

A) Ardipithecus kadabba
B) Australopithecus anamensis
C) Ardipithecus ramidus
D) Australopithecus afarensis
E) Homo habilis

Question 69

Which feature distinguishes birds from the rest of the reptiles?

A) endothermic
B) scales
C) egg laying
D) lungs
E) four appendages

Question 70

The multiregional continuity hypothesis of human evolution proposes that Homo sapiens evolved from

A) several populations of Homo ergaster that existed in Asia, Africa, and Europe
B) one population of Homo ergaster and the other populations were supplanted by H. sapiens
C) old world monkeys
D) new world monkeys
E) chimpanzees

Question 71

List the features that make amphibians different than the fishes.

Question 72

The ray-finned fishes are believed to have evolved into the amphibians.