Deck 10: Plant Reproduction and Responses

Question 1

Alternation of generations means that a diploid sporophyte produces haploid spores by meiosis and a haploid gametophyte produces gametes by mitosis.

Answer 1

True
Explanation: Alternation of generations means that a diploid sporophyte alternates with a haploid gametophyte.

Question 2

Which of the following statements is NOT true about flowering plants?

A) Sporophyte generation produces spores.
B) Gametophyte generation produces gametes.
C) Ovules contain the microspore mother cell.
D) Microspores undergo mitosis to produce pollen grains.
E) Megaspores undergo mitosis to produce an embryo sac.

Answer 2

C
Explanation: The ovules are the female part of the plant and contain the megaspore mother cell.

Question 3

A flower that is missing the stamens would be considered female.

Answer 3

True
Explanation: The stamens are the "male" portion of the flower.

Question 4

Which of the following statements is NOT correct about flowering plants?

A) A sperm nucleus combines with one polar nucleus to form the endosperm.
B) A sperm nucleus combines with the egg nucleus to eventually form the embryo.
C) A pollen grain may be carried to the stigma of the ovary by the wind.
D) A pollen tube grows down the style.
E) They exhibit double fertilization.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a component of the carpel of a flower?

A) anthers
B) stigma
C) style
D) ovary
E) ovule

Question 6

Cross-pollination occurs when pollen from an anther of one plant is transferred to the stigma of another plant of the same species.

Question 7

You find a plant that appears to contain stamens and carpels but no petals or sepals.What could you conclude about this "flower"?

A) The plant is pollinated by the wind.
B) The plant is sterile.
C) The plant is dioecious.
D) The flower is considered complete.
E) The plant is really a gametophyte.

Question 8

How many nuclei are present inside a pollen grain?

A) none
B) one
C) two
D) three
E) four

Question 9

What flower mechanism would not help prevent pollination by a foreign plant species?

A) A pollen tube only grows inside the style of its own species.
B) The stigma is sticky mainly to its own species of pollen.
C) The timing of flowering keeps pollinators moving among a limited number of species.
D) Flowers attract a small number of specialized pollinators, and therefore pollen is not spread equally to all available species of flowers.
E) Flowers of different plant species bloom at the same time with flowers of similar shape, size, and color.

Question 10

Fertilization in flowering plants occurs

A) on the stigma.
B) in the style.
C) in the ovule.
D) in the anther.
E) in the endosperm.

Question 11

Which statement is NOT true about the life cycle of flowering plants?

A) The sporophyte is diploid.
B) The sporophyte produces two different types of spores.
C) The female gametophyte is the seed.
D) The male gametophyte is the pollen grain.
E) The female gametophyte is retained within the body of the sporophyte parent generation.

Question 12

Which of the following is not part of the female portion of the flower?

A) filament
B) carpel
C) pistil
D) stigma
E) style

Question 13

What accounts for the attractiveness of many flowers that helps enhance their reproductive opportunities?

A) petals
B) sepals
C) carpel
D) stamens
E) ovary

Question 14

Double fertilization in an angiosperm produces

A) a diploid zygote and a haploid polar nucleus.
B) a diploid zygote and a diploid endosperm.
C) a diploid embryo and a triploid zygote.
D) a triploid embryo and a diploid endosperm.
E) a diploid zygote and a triploid endosperm.

Question 15

The megaspore divides mitotically,resulting in a female gametophyte or embryo sac that differentiates into an egg and a central cell with two nuclei called the

A) generative cell.
B) pollen grain.
C) microspores.
D) endosperm.
E) polar nuclei.

Question 16

The male gametophyte in flowering plants will be found within the

A) carpel.
B) ovary.
C) sepals.
D) filament.
E) pollen grain.

Question 17

The pollen grain contains the

A) sperm.
B) egg.
C) embryo.
D) endosperm.
E) anther.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a part of a flower?

A) stem
B) sepals
C) petals
D) stamen
E) carpel

Question 19

Hemp (Cannabis sativa)is a dioecious plant.This means that the flowers of hemp

A) are complete.
B) are incomplete.
C) are perfect.
D) contain both stamens and carpels.
E) contain both petals and sepals.

Question 20

When you pick a bouquet of anther-less flowers,you have picked

A) male gametophytes retained within the body of sporophytes.
B) female gametophytes retained within the body of sporophytes.
C) sporophytes retained within the body of male gametophytes.
D) sporophytes retained within the body of female gametophytes.
E) male gametophytes retained within the body of female gametophytes.

Question 21

A seed does NOT contain the

A) embryo.
B) endosperm.
C) seed coat.
D) ovary.
E) developing sporophyte.

Question 22

Which of the following is arranged in proper order?

A) fertilization $\rarr$ pollination $\rarr$ seed formation $\rarr$ germination
B) seed formation $\rarr$ fertilization $\rarr$ germination $\rarr$ pollination
C) pollination $\rarr$ fertilization $\rarr$ seed formation $\rarr$ germination
D) germination $\rarr$ seed formation $\rarr$ fertilization $\rarr$ pollination
E) pollination $\rarr$ fertilization $\rarr$ germination $\rarr$ seed formation

Question 23

Peas and beans are considered legumes.Why?

A) A legume is a fruit that splits along two sides when mature.
B) They are both simple fruits.
C) The actual seed is inside the pod.
D) Both are green when ripe.
E) Both develop relationships with nitrogen fixing bacteria.

Question 24

Which of these associations is NOT correct?

A) plumule-leaves
B) radicle-roots
C) seed coat-ovary wall
D) cotyledons-stored food
E) hypocotyl-stem

Question 25

The function of endosperm is to

A) form the seedling.
B) develop the fruit.
C) provide water to the embryo.
D) provide nutrients to the embryo.
E) provide a protective coating for the embryo.

Question 26

Compound fruits

A) include legumes like peas and beans.
B) are derived from a simple ovary of a single carpel.
C) develop from several individual ovaries.
D) include peaches, tomatoes, and cherries.
E) develop from a compound ovary of several fused carpels.

Question 27

You are examining a seed with tiny white plumes attached to it.How is this type of seed most likely dispersed?

A) by animals who eat it
B) by floating on water
C) by the wind
D) by attaching to the fur of animals
E) by bursting forth from the seed pod

Question 28

A corn kernel is classified as a seed.

Question 29

Which of the following would be considered a dry fruit?

A) one that doesn't split open
B) one derived from a simple ovary
C) one derived from the receptacle and not the ovary
D) one derived from several individual ovaries
E) one derived from many different carpels

Question 30

Which of the following is not a part of a developing eudicot embryo?

A) epicotyl
B) hypocotyl
C) cotyledon
D) radicle
E) coleoptile

Question 31

The protective sheath that first surrounds the shoot is called the

A) cotyledon.
B) coleoptile.
C) plumule.
D) radicle.
E) epicotyl.

Question 32

A pea is actually a seed.

Question 33

Which of the following is NOT a fruit?

A) corn kernel
B) peas and beans
C) tomato
D) cucumber
E) onion

Question 34

Which of the following parts of a plant embryo grows downward?

A) plumule
B) epicotyl
C) seed coat
D) radicle
E) shoot

Question 35

If digestive enzymes are used to remove the plant cell wall,the naked plant cell that remains is called a

A) plastid.
B) plantlet.
C) callus.
D) protoplast.
E) phytoplast.

Question 36

When you eat an apple,the core left over is the ovary.

Question 37

Which structure of the eudicot embryo within a seed is NOT correctly identified?

A) The radicle is the embryonic root.
B) A cotyledon is a seed leaf.
C) The endosperm is the nutrient source for the embryo.
D) The epicotyl is the shoot above the attachment of the cotyledons.
E) The hypocotyl is the embryo plant below the attachment of the cotyledons.

Question 38

When an ice cap moves south or arid conditions push across a continent,a plant species can "migrate" although not as fast as individual animals usually travel.Which of the following generally allows a plant population to migrate the fastest?

A) pollination
B) fertilization
C) germination
D) seed dispersal
E) asexual or vegetative propagation

Question 39

Stored food in a cotyledon was derived from

A) part of the stigma.
B) the fruit.
C) triploid endosperm.
D) the egg nucleus.
E) the ovary.

Question 40

After a seed has been produced,it often has a time during which no growth occurs called

A) pre-germination.
B) senescence.
C) suspended animation.
D) dormancy.
E) hibernation.

Question 41

A hormone called cytokinin was discovered in coconut milk and found to stimulate cell division.With this function,where else in a plant would you expect to find cytokinin?

A) bark
B) pith
C) root tips
D) spongy mesophyll
E) xylem

Question 42

In order to produce a new plant via meristem culture,you need to remove the meristem from one plant and place it in a water containing various minerals.The meristem will then develop new shoots and roots.

Question 43

Which plant hormone is used by industry to cause fruits to drop from a tree?

A) indoleacetic acid
B) gibberellin
C) auxin
D) ethylene
E) abscisic acid

Question 44

Which of the following is NOT true concerning plant tissue culture?

A) New plants can be cultivated from any existing plant cell.
B) Most plant cells are totipotent, meaning an entire plant can be produced from one cell.
C) Hormones can be used to cause the production of shoots from tissue.
D) Plants can be produced from shoot tips, leaves, and anthers.
E) Foreign genes such as those from other plants or even animals can be inserted into plant cells.

Question 45

Commercial micropropagation methods result in cloning of plants.

Question 46

Asexual reproduction in plants does NOT involve

A) daughter plants being genetically identical to the parent plant.
B) the production of gametes.
C) a portion of one plant giving rise to a completely new plant.
D) vegetative propagation.
E) the use of runners.

Question 47

Which of the following is not an advantage of genetically engineered plants?

A) decreased yield
B) herbicide resistance
C) salt tolerance
D) drought tolerance
E) disease protection

Question 48

Which plant hormone will act as an inhibitor of growth and maintains dormancy?

A) auxin
B) indoleacetic acid
C) gibberellin
D) cytokinin
E) abscisic acid

Question 49

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a somatic embryo?

A) These are asexually produced.
B) These are produced in large tanks called bioreactors.
C) These are genetically quite diverse.
D) These are encapsulated in a protective gel for shipping.
E) These will generate an entire mature plant.

Question 50

Which modern technology is not used in the creation of transgenic plants?

A) protoplast regeneration
B) high voltage electric pulses
C) a gene gun
D) plant hybridization
E) a bacterial plasmid

Question 51

Which of the following methods of reproduction is NOT asexual?

A) runners and stolons
B) rhizomes
C) cuttings
D) grafting and suckers
E) flowering

Question 52

How are potato plants propagated?

A) by "eyes" (a bud)
B) by runners
C) by pollen
D) by flowers
E) by protoplasts

Question 53

Which of the following plant hormones prevents senescence and can initiate leaf growth?

A) indoleacetic acid
B) gibberellin
C) cytokinin
D) abscisic acid
E) ethylene

Question 54

One of the new technologies developed from tissue culture and genetic engineering is plant hybridization.

Question 55

Which of the following plant hormones could be used by industry to increase the size of sugarcane production?

A) indoleacetic acid
B) gibberellins
C) zeatin
D) abscisic acid
E) ethylene

Question 56

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of tissue culture?

A) Plant tissue can be used to produce medicines such as digitoxin and other products for the treatment of human disease.
B) Tissue culture allows the production of healthier plant varieties.
C) New plant varieties can be formed by using somatic embryos.
D) The use of transgenic plants has led to a serious decline in crop production throughout the world.
E) Engineered plants are resistant to herbicides and disease.

Question 57

Cereal grains are one of the easiest plants to genetically modify.

Question 58

Which substance will help in seed germination and indicates to the plant that the stem must elongate to reach the light?

A) cytokinins
B) ethylene
C) auxin
D) agent orange
E) phytochrome

Question 59

In asexual reproduction in plants,there is only one parent,instead of two.

Question 60

Strawberry plants do not produce seeds that are used for next year's crop.How are strawberry plants propagated?

A) from flowers
B) from pollen
C) from the nodes of stolons
D) from tissue culture
E) from protoplasts

Question 61

The two-stage life cycle in plants evolved as an adaptation to life on land.

Question 62

Plants could readily develop seasonal responses based on temperature changes but have evolved their rhythms based on a comparison of daylight and darkness.Why has the day-night ratio system been selected?

A) Temperature has no effect upon plant biochemistry.
B) Temperature is a gradation but day/night is all-or-nothing.
C) A plant's nervous system is tuned to light stimuli and not to temperature stimuli.
D) Temperatures fluctuate widely across seasons and from year to year, but photoperiod comparisons are a more reliable indicator of season.
E) Having a day-night system makes plants more likely to be an evolutionary success since animals follow day-night cycles as well.

Question 63

List the features that enable us to distinguish the difference between a simple fruit and a compound fruit.

Question 64

Plant hormones are small organic molecules produced by the plants themselves.

Question 65

A friend complains that all of her houseplants have bent stems.You examine the plants and find that their stems all curve toward the light.What would you recommend to your friend to correct the problem?

A) Apply an auxin to the shady side of the stems.
B) Water the plants more frequently.
C) Apply gibberellins to the bases of the stems.
D) Turn each plant occasionally.
E) Repot the plants.

Question 66

The response of plants to the relative length of light and darkness is termed

A) phototropism.
B) photosynthesis.
C) photoperiodism.
D) translocation.
E) transpiration.

Question 67

What would be the outcome of applying ethylene to a bushel of oranges?

A) Ethylene stimulates cellulase which will hydrolyze the cellulose in plant cell walls. This will cause the fruit to ripen.
B) Ethylene will initiate and maintain seed dormancy as well as bringing about the closure of the stomata.
C) Ethylene stimulates cellulase which will hydrolyze the proteins in plant cell walls. This will cause the fruit to ripen.
D) Ethylene stimulates cellulase which will hydrolyze the lipids in plant cell walls. This will cause the fruit to ripen.
E) Ethylene stimulates cell division which will cause the fruit to ripen.

Question 68

Describe the function of the following plant structures: petals,stamens,and carpel.

Question 69

Positive phototropism and positive gravitropism occur from the action(s)of

A) auxin in both cases.
B) gibberellin and auxin, respectively.
C) cytokinin and auxin, respectively.
D) abscisic acid and ethylene, respectively.
E) ethylene and auxin, respectively.

Question 70

Clover is an example of a what type of flowering plant?

A) long-day
B) short-day
C) day-neutral
D) intermediate-day
E) non-flowering

Question 71

Plant hormones bring about a physiological response in the plant after binding to the nucleus of the plant cells.

Question 72

Which action would cause a long-day plant to flower?

A) Interrupt the day with a period of darkness.
B) Interrupt a long night with a flash of light.
C) Give the plant some phytochrome.
D) Allow an insect to pollinate the plant.
E) Keep the plant in the dark.

Question 73

Which of the following is the correct sequence for the germination of the eudicot seed?

A) The two cotyledons have absorbed the endosperm and supply the nutrients to the embryo. As the embryo emerges from the soil it consumes the nutrients and develops the shoot. The hypocotyl becomes part of the stem and the radicle develops into the roots.
B) The cotyledon was absorbed by the endosperm and supplies the nutrients to the embryo. As the embryo emerges from the soil it consumes the nutrients and develops the shoot. The hypocotyl becomes part of the stem and the radicle develops into the roots.
C) The two cotyledons have absorbed the endosperm and supply the nutrients to the embryo. As the embryo emerges from the soil it consumes the nutrients and develops the shoot. The radicle becomes part of the stem and the hypocotyl develops into the roots.
D) The pericarp has absorbed the endosperm and supply the nutrients to the embryo. As the embryo emerges from the soil it consumes the nutrients and develops the shoot. The hypocotyl becomes part of the stem and the radicle develops into the roots.
E) The two cotyledons have absorbed the endosperm and supply the nutrients to the embryo. As the embryo emerges from the soil it consumes the nutrients and develops the shoot. The plumule and the radicle push through the coleorhiza during germination.

Question 74

From the discussion of long-day and short-day plants,it is obvious that "day-neutral" plants

A) flower when the night is shorter than a critical length.
B) flower when the night is longer than a critical length.
C) are not dependent on the length of the night or day for flowering.
D) have short stems or long stems depending on the photoperiod.
E) have flowers that only open during the daytime.

Question 75

What pathway produces the gametophytes during the alternation of generations in plants?

A) mitosis
B) meiosis
C) binary fission
D) both mitosis and meiosis
E) none of these pathway will produce gametophytes

Question 76

Explain the various uses of gibberellins in the agricultural industry.