Deck 3: Cell Division and Inheritance

Question 1

During anaphase of mitosis

A)replicated chromatids align in the center of the cell.
B)the mitotic apparatus is formed.
C)daughter chromosomes are moved to opposite poles of the cell.
D)nucleoli and nuclear envelope reappear.
E)chromosomes replicate.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

For each oogonium that goes through oogenesis,__________ egg(s)is/are produced.

A)one
B)two
C)three
D)four
E)six

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The single ring nitrogen-containing organic bases of RNA and DNA are called

A)purines.
B)murines.
C)nucleotides.
D)peroxisomes.
E)pyrimidines.

Answer 3

E

Question 4

The study of the structure and function of DNA and RNA is called

A)molecular zoology.
B)autosomal genetics.
C)molecular genetics.
D)physiological genetics.
E)molecular physiology.

Question 5

During metaphase of mitosis

A)the mitotic apparatus is formed.
B)replicated chromatids align in the center of the cell.
C)chromosomes divide.
D)chromosomes replicate.
E)the spindle divides.

Question 6

For each spermatogonium which undergoes meiosis and spermatogenesis,__________ functional sperm are produced.

A)2
B)4
C)8
D)16
E)32

Question 7

During prophase of mitosis

A)nucleoli and the nuclear envelope begin to break down.
B)the spindle breaks down.
C)chromatids divide.
D)centrioles come together.
E)daughter chromosomes reach opposite poles of the spindle.

Question 8

A major characteristic that distinguishes meiosis from mitosis is

A)that there is only one division of DNA during meiosis.
B)the absence of prophase in mitosis.
C)the two replications of DNA during mitosis.
D)the reduction of chromosome number during meiosis.
E)the absence of telophase in meiosis.

Question 9

Telophase begins when

A)chromatids line up in the middle of the cell.
B)the nuclear envelope breaks down.
C)chromatin condenses.
D)daughter chromosomes arrive at opposite poles of the cell.
E)centrioles reach opposite poles of the cell.

Question 10

Mitosis is most correctly defined as

A)DNA replication.
B)RNA transcription.
C)nuclear division.
D)cytoplasmic division.
E)ATP production.

Question 11

In the structure of DNA,which of the following is a correct base pair?

A)adenine-cytosine
B)thymine-guanine
C)cytosine-uracil
D)guanine-uracil
E)adenine-thymine

Question 12

In DNA replication,because each new strand contains half of the original strand,this process is said to be:

A)synaptic.
B)semi-conservative.
C)recombinant.
D)autosomal.
E)somatic.

Question 13

The purine bases of the nucleic acids are

A)cytosine and adenine.
B)adenine and guanine.
C)uracil and thymine.
D)adenine and uracil.
E)guanine and pyrimidine.

Question 14

Cytokinesis refers to

A)DNA replication.
B)RNA transcription.
C)nuclear division.
D)cytoplasmic division.
E)ATP production.

Question 15

The pentose sugar of DNA is

A)deoxyribose.
B)glucose.
C)fructose.
D)deoxygenose.
E)ribose.

Question 16

The two major kinds of molecules that direct the synthesis of proteins in eukaryotic cells are

A)DNA and RNA.
B)DNA and ATP.
C)RNA and ATP.
D)ATP and AMP.
E)NAD and NADH.

Question 17

A DNA nucleotide contains

A)deoxyribose, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group.
B)ribose, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group.
C)deoxysucrose, a nucleotide base, and two phosphate groups.
D)deoxyribose, uracil, and a phosphate group.
E)deoxyfructose, nucleic acid, and 2 phosphate groups.

Question 18

When a cell synthesizes RNA from DNA that cell has undergone

A)replication.
B)coding.
C)translation.
D)decoding.
E)transcription.

Question 19

A/An __________ can be defined as a sequence of bases in DNA that codes for the synthesis of one polypeptide.

A)codon
B)replicon
C)Okazaki fragment
D)gene
E)polyribosome

Question 20

The process by which a copy of the DNA molecule is produced is referred to as

A)translation.
B)transcription.
C)karyokinesis.
D)replication.
E)DNA genesis.

Question 21

The form of RNA that carries amino acids to ribosomes and helps position them for incorporation into a polypeptide is

A)rRNA.
B)tRNA.
C)cRNA.
D)dRNA.
E)mRNA.

Question 22

The study of the transmission of biological information from one generation to the next is called

A)genetics.
B)anthropology.
C)genealogy.
D)reproductive biology.
E)molecular biology.

Question 23

The linear form of RNA that is responsible for carrying a set of genetic instructions into the cytoplasm is

A)mRNA.
B)tRNA.
C)rRNA.
D)dRNA.
E)cRNA.

Question 24

If a person with type AB blood has offspring with a person with type O blood,what blood types are possible in their children?

A)Types A, B, and AB only
B)Type A only
C)Type B only
D)Types A and B only
E)Types A, B, and O only

Question 25

In regard to blood type,what is the phenotype of an individual whose genotype is I^Ai?

A)A
B)B
C)AB
D)O
E)AO

Question 26

The expected genotype ratio in the F2 generation of a monohybrid cross is

A)2:1:2.
B)3:1.
C)1:2:1.
D)1:3:1.
E)2:1.

Question 27

In a genetic system of complete dominance,a recessive allele is expressed

A)only in the homozygous condition.
B)only in the heterozygous condition.
C)only when it is sex-linked.
D)only when it occurs on an autosome.
E)whenever it is present.

Question 28

In regard to blood type,what are the possible genotypes if the phenotype is B?

A)I^AI^B and I^Bi
B)ii and I^A
C)I^A and I^B
D)I^BI^B and I^Bi
E)I^B and ii

Question 29

Changes in single nucleotides on DNA are called

A)euploidy.
B)polyploidy.
C)deleterious mutations.
D)autosomal mutations.
E)point mutations.

Question 30

An organism is said to be __________ if it carries two identical alleles for a certain trait.

A)heterozygous
B)homologous
C)homozygous
D)monohybrid
E)dihybrid

Question 31

The synthesis of proteins at ribosomes,based on the genetic information contained in mRNA,is called

A)promotion.
B)transcription.
C)termination.
D)codon decoding.
E)translation.

Question 32

If one parent is heterozygous for type A blood and the other is heterozygous for type B blood,what blood types are possible in their children?

A)Types A, B, and O only
B)Types AB and O only
C)Type O only
D)Types A, B, and AB only
E)Types A, B, AB, and O

Question 33

The studies of __________ originated the modern study of genetics.

A)Linnaeus
B)Mendel
C)Darwin
D)van Leeuwenhoek
E)Wallace

Question 34

The sequence AGATCT on the template strand of DNA would lead to the production of an mRNA strand with the sequence

A)TCTAGA.
B)AGATCT.
C)UCUAGA.
D)GAGCTC.
E)TCTTCT.

Question 35

Alleles are

A)always dominant.
B)always recessive.
C)always incompletely dominant.
D)alternate forms of a gene.
E)the same forms of a gene.

Question 36

The expected percentage of offspring in the F2 generation possessing the recessive trait following a monohybrid cross would be

A)0.
B)25.
C)50.
D)5.
E)100.

Question 37

The expected phenotypic ratio in the F2 generation of a dihybrid cross is

A)9:3:3:1.
B)1:2:2:1.
C)1:3:3:1.
D)27:9:9:1.
E)3:1:3:1.

Question 38

A tool used by geneticists to help predict the results of crosses is the

A)genetic square.
B)T square.
C)allelic square.
D)Punnett square.
E)homozygous square.

Question 39

The initiation codon of mRNA is

A)AAA.
B)AUG.
C)UUU.
D)CUA.
E)AUC.

Question 40

A classic example of multiple allele inheritance is

A)the incomplete dominance of coat color in cattle.
B)red and white flower color in garden peas.
C)A, B, AB, and O human blood types.
D)continuous variation in human height.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 41

In adult animals,cells move through the cell cycle with varying levels of speed.Cells that have differentiated and taken on specific roles may not divide whereas those that are exposed to harsh conditions,such as a low pH,may turnover regularly.On the other hand animals that are rapidly growing must generate cells rapidly.Which choice represents the correct pairing based on cell type and speed through the cell cycle?

A)Adult bone cells move slowly through the cell cycle compared to embryonic bone cells.
B)Adult gastro-intestinal tract cells move slowly through the cell cycle compared to adult nervous system cells.
C)Adult nervous system cells move rapidly through the cell cycle compared to embryonic nervous system cells.
D)Adult bone cells move rapidly through the cell cycle compared to embryonic bone cells.

Question 42

Chromosomes which are not involved in the determination of sex are called

A)heterosomes.
B)nucleosomes.
C)eusomes.
D)polysomes
E)autosomes.

Question 43

A chemical that inhibits the function of histones 1 to 4,but not histone 5,will disrupt which of the following?

A)The ability of a cell to wind its DNA into a nucleosome structure.
B)The ability of a cell to transcribe genes to produce mRNA and subsequently proteins.
C)The ability of a cell to unwind from the chromosome structure to linear DNA.
D)The ability of a cell to translate mRNA into proteins at ribosomes.

Question 44

An error known as __________,which may occur during meiosis,will result in gametes having a lesser or greater number of chromosomes than normal.

A)nondisjunction
B)synapsis
C)crossing over
D)inversion
E)karyotyping

Question 45

Occasionally,a cell will have more or less than the diploid number of chromosomes,called

A)homoploidy.
B)monoploidy.
C)polyploidy.
D)aneuploidy.
E)holoploidy.

Question 46

Which of the following pairings is correct?

A)Chromosomes and cell division
B)Euchromatin and inactive DNA
C)The fifth histone and nucleosome formation
D)Heterochromatin and active DNA

Question 47

The somatic cells of animals are normally in the __________ condition.

A)diploid
B)triploid
C)polyploid
D)haploid
E)aneuploid